如何在Raspberry Pi上使用Python更改主机名

我尝试使用（根据记忆，这可能不是100%准确）：

我有一个权限错误

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如何从Python程序中完全实现这一点？

如果您只需要在下次重新启动之前更改主机名，许多linux系统可以通过以下方式进行更改：

import subprocess
subprocess.call(['hostname', 'newhost'])

或者输入较少但存在一些潜在缺陷：

import os
os.system('hostname %s' % 'newhost')

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我想永久更改主机名，这需要在几个地方进行更改，因此我制作了一个shell脚本：

#!/bin/bash
# /usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh - program to permanently change hostname.  Permissions
# are set so that www-user can `sudo` this specific program.

# args:
# $1 - new hostname, should be a legal hostname

sed -i "s/$HOSTNAME/$1/g" /etc/hosts
echo $1 > /etc/hostname
/etc/init.d/hostname.sh
hostname $1  # this is to update the current hostname without restarting

在Python中，我使用以下命令运行脚本：

这是在一个运行为

www-data

的Web服务器上发生的，因此我允许它在没有密码的情况下

sudo

这个特定脚本。如果以

root

或类似身份运行，则可以跳过此步骤，在不使用

sudo

的情况下运行脚本：

# /etc.d/sudoers.d/099-www-data-nopasswd-hostname
www-data ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh

---

这里有一种不同的方法

    import os
    def setHostname(newhostname):
        with open('/etc/hosts', 'r') as file:
        # read a list of lines into data
        data = file.readlines()

        # the host name is on the 6th line following the IP address
        # so this replaces that line with the new hostname
        data[5] = '127.0.1.1       ' + newhostname

        # save the file temporarily because /etc/hosts is protected
        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        # use sudo command to overwrite the protected file
        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hosts')

        # repeat process with other file
        with open('/etc/hostname', 'r') as file:
            data = file.readlines()

        data[0] = newhostname

        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hostname')

    #Then call the def
    setHostname('whatever')

下次重新启动时，主机名将设置为新名称

# /etc.d/sudoers.d/099-www-data-nopasswd-hostname
www-data ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/change_hostname.sh

    import os
    def setHostname(newhostname):
        with open('/etc/hosts', 'r') as file:
        # read a list of lines into data
        data = file.readlines()

        # the host name is on the 6th line following the IP address
        # so this replaces that line with the new hostname
        data[5] = '127.0.1.1       ' + newhostname

        # save the file temporarily because /etc/hosts is protected
        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        # use sudo command to overwrite the protected file
        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hosts')

        # repeat process with other file
        with open('/etc/hostname', 'r') as file:
            data = file.readlines()

        data[0] = newhostname

        with open('temp.txt', 'w') as file:
            file.writelines( data )

        os.system('sudo mv temp.txt /etc/hostname')

    #Then call the def
    setHostname('whatever')