Python 如何从tkinter应用程序菜单单击打开文件？

我已经对菜单进行了编程，当前单击菜单项时，它会打印（菜单中的某些文本）

我需要这个菜单单击选项来打开python文件，而不是打印文件名

这似乎是一个非常简单的问题，但我对python还不熟悉，还在学习

我找不到完全适合这种情况的方法。我尝试了

popen

和

execfile

，但运气不佳。；虽然我不确定我是否正确使用了它们

import tkinter

def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    from collections import OrderedDict

    set_menu(root, {
        'Table of Contents': OrderedDict([
            ('Ecclesiastes', lambda: print('Ecclesiastes.py')),
            ('Ecclesiasticus', lambda: print('ecclesiaticus.exe')),
            ('-', '-'),
            ('Quit', lambda: sys.exit(0))
        ])
    })
    root.mainloop()

我希望通过执行“

ecclesiastes.py

”和“

ecclesiasticus.exe

”的几种不同方法来打开它，但不幸的是，错误消息实际上只是告诉我，我不知道自己被卡住了什么，而不是关于如何获得执行这两个文件所需的正确代码的线索。我将

popen

放在

.py

文件之前，将

execfile

放在

.exe

文件之前，但我认为这样做不太正确

---

我将print放在两个文件名的前面，这样其他人就可以在这里指出正确的命令，因为我认为

execfile

或

popen

对于这段代码是不正确的。

stovfl的注释是一个很好的解决方案

我经常使用：

os.startfile（'文件名'）

我无法告诉您这是否是最好的选择，但它确实有效：）

您的代码如下所示：

import tkinter 
import os

def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    from collections import OrderedDict

    set_menu(root, {
        'Table of Contents': OrderedDict([
            ('Ecclesiastes', lambda: os.startfile('Ecclesiastes.py')),
            ('Ecclesiasticus', lambda: os.startfile('ecclesiaticus.exe')),
            ('-', '-'),
            ('Quit', lambda: sys.exit(0))
        ])
    })
    root.mainloop()

import os
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import tkinter


def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)

def exec_command(command):
    cmd = shlex.split(command)
    print('subprocess({})'.format(cmd))
    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from collections import OrderedDict
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    set_menu(root, {'Table of Contents':
                        OrderedDict([
                            ('Ecclesiastes',
                                lambda: exec_command('Ecclesiastes.py')),
                            ('Ecclesiasticus',
                                lambda: exec_command('ecclesiaticus.exe -arg 42')),
                            ('-', '-'),
                            ('Quit', 
                                lambda: sys.exit(0))
                        ])
                   })
    root.mainloop()

---

我希望这能解决你的问题

stovfl的评论是一个很好的解决方案

我经常使用：

os.startfile（'文件名'）

我无法告诉您这是否是最好的选择，但它确实有效：）

您的代码如下所示：

import tkinter 
import os

def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    from collections import OrderedDict

    set_menu(root, {
        'Table of Contents': OrderedDict([
            ('Ecclesiastes', lambda: os.startfile('Ecclesiastes.py')),
            ('Ecclesiasticus', lambda: os.startfile('ecclesiaticus.exe')),
            ('-', '-'),
            ('Quit', lambda: sys.exit(0))
        ])
    })
    root.mainloop()

import os
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import tkinter


def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)

def exec_command(command):
    cmd = shlex.split(command)
    print('subprocess({})'.format(cmd))
    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from collections import OrderedDict
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    set_menu(root, {'Table of Contents':
                        OrderedDict([
                            ('Ecclesiastes',
                                lambda: exec_command('Ecclesiastes.py')),
                            ('Ecclesiasticus',
                                lambda: exec_command('ecclesiaticus.exe -arg 42')),
                            ('-', '-'),
                            ('Quit', 
                                lambda: sys.exit(0))
                        ])
                   })
    root.mainloop()

---

我希望这能解决你的问题

因为它看起来像是您实际想要执行的文件，所以您可以这样做：

import tkinter 
import os

def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    from collections import OrderedDict

    set_menu(root, {
        'Table of Contents': OrderedDict([
            ('Ecclesiastes', lambda: os.startfile('Ecclesiastes.py')),
            ('Ecclesiasticus', lambda: os.startfile('ecclesiaticus.exe')),
            ('-', '-'),
            ('Quit', lambda: sys.exit(0))
        ])
    })
    root.mainloop()

import os
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import tkinter


def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)

def exec_command(command):
    cmd = shlex.split(command)
    print('subprocess({})'.format(cmd))
    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from collections import OrderedDict
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    set_menu(root, {'Table of Contents':
                        OrderedDict([
                            ('Ecclesiastes',
                                lambda: exec_command('Ecclesiastes.py')),
                            ('Ecclesiasticus',
                                lambda: exec_command('ecclesiaticus.exe -arg 42')),
                            ('-', '-'),
                            ('Quit', 
                                lambda: sys.exit(0))
                        ])
                   })
    root.mainloop()

---

由于看起来您实际上想要执行该文件，您可以这样做：

import tkinter 
import os

def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    from collections import OrderedDict

    set_menu(root, {
        'Table of Contents': OrderedDict([
            ('Ecclesiastes', lambda: os.startfile('Ecclesiastes.py')),
            ('Ecclesiasticus', lambda: os.startfile('ecclesiaticus.exe')),
            ('-', '-'),
            ('Quit', lambda: sys.exit(0))
        ])
    })
    root.mainloop()

import os
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
import tkinter


def set_menu(window, choices):
    menubar = tkinter.Menu(root)
    window.config(menu=menubar)

    def _set_choices(menu, choices):
        for label, command in choices.items():
            if isinstance(command, dict):
                # Submenu
                submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu)
                menu.add_cascade(label=label, menu=submenu)
                _set_choices(submenu, command)
            elif label == '-' and command == '-':
                # Separator
                menu.add_separator()
            else:
                # Simple choice
                menu.add_command(label=label, command=command)

    _set_choices(menubar, choices)

def exec_command(command):
    cmd = shlex.split(command)
    print('subprocess({})'.format(cmd))
    subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from collections import OrderedDict
    import sys

    root = tkinter.Tk()

    set_menu(root, {'Table of Contents':
                        OrderedDict([
                            ('Ecclesiastes',
                                lambda: exec_command('Ecclesiastes.py')),
                            ('Ecclesiasticus',
                                lambda: exec_command('ecclesiaticus.exe -arg 42')),
                            ('-', '-'),
                            ('Quit', 
                                lambda: sys.exit(0))
                        ])
                   })
    root.mainloop()

读啊读啊