Python TypeError:float（）参数必须是字符串或数字，而不是带有注释和ItError的“tuple”

我想根据月/年绘制平均值

data=df.groupby([df.index.year.rename('year'),df.index.month.rename('month')]).mean()

这是我的数据样本和日期索引

               mean   count
date        
1901-01-31  0.608475    3
1901-02-28  0.751826    6
1901-03-31  0.050980    6
1901-04-30  0.229060    2
1901-05-31  0.246976    4
1901-11-30  0.936585    8
1901-12-31  0.085918    1
1902-07-31  0.786897    0
1902-08-31  0.774024    9
1902-12-31  0.602361    6
1903-01-31  0.805497    4
1903-02-28  0.604498    7
1903-03-31  0.991389    2
1903-04-30  0.774783    1
1903-05-31  0.880222    9
1903-06-30  0.735544    1

因此，我按月/按年向groupby编写了这段代码

data=df.groupby([df.index.year.rename('year'),df.index.month.rename('month')]).mean()

下面是分组后的数据示例

               mean   count
date    date        
1901    1   0.468082    7
        2   0.378744    8
        3   0.668791    3
        4   0.563842    7
        5   0.764414    2
        6   0.530849    3
        7   0.703855    7
        8   0.604860    9
        9   0.766420    0
       10   0.752520    8
       11   0.361177    3
       12   0.502622    1
1902    1   0.694125    0
        2   0.661784    0
        3   0.491230    2
        4   0.074626    7
        5   0.291552    4
        6   0.376639    6
        7   0.681985    8
        8   0.381116    6
        9   0.895843    3
       10   0.378515    8
       11   0.803789    8
       12   0.616002    7
   1903 1   0.372718    4
        2   0.992567    9
        3   0.746151    9
        4   0.970088    7
        5   0.053416    1
        6   0.959746    4
        7   0.604006    0
        8   0.894918    0
        9   0.716278    3
       10   0.420532    6
       11   0.161469    7

那我就有阴谋了

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure()
ax = data['mean'].plot(figsize=(20,10),linewidth=0.8)
for d,row in data.iterrows():
    ax.annotate('{:.0f}'.format(row['count']), xy=(d,row['mean']), ha='center',clip_on=True)

但我犯了这个错误

Error in callback <function install_repl_displayhook.<locals>.post_execute at 0x00000250AD5FDD08> (for post_execute):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py in post_execute()
    107             def post_execute():
    108                 if matplotlib.is_interactive():
--> 109                     draw_all()
    110 
    111             # IPython >= 2

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\_pylab_helpers.py in draw_all(cls, force)
    126         for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers():
    127             if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale:
--> 128                 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle()
    129 
    130 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all)

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backend_bases.py in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs)
   1905         if not self._is_idle_drawing:
   1906             with self._idle_draw_cntx():
-> 1907                 self.draw(*args, **kwargs)
   1908 
   1909     def draw_cursor(self, event):

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py in draw(self)
    386         self.renderer = self.get_renderer(cleared=True)
    387         with RendererAgg.lock:
--> 388             self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
    389             # A GUI class may be need to update a window using this draw, so
    390             # don't forget to call the superclass.

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
   1707             self.patch.draw(renderer)
   1708             mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
-> 1709                 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
   1710 
   1711             renderer.close_group('figure')

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    133     if not_composite or not has_images:
    134         for a in artists:
--> 135             a.draw(renderer)
    136     else:
    137         # Composite any adjacent images together

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
   2643             renderer.stop_rasterizing()
   2644 
-> 2645         mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
   2646 
   2647         renderer.close_group('axes')

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    133     if not_composite or not has_images:
    134         for a in artists:
--> 135             a.draw(renderer)
    136     else:
    137         # Composite any adjacent images together

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in draw(self, renderer)
   2353             return
   2354 
-> 2355         xy_pixel = self._get_position_xy(renderer)
   2356         if not self._check_xy(renderer, xy_pixel):
   2357             return

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in _get_position_xy(self, renderer)
   1903         "Return the pixel position of the annotated point."
   1904         x, y = self.xy
-> 1905         return self._get_xy(renderer, x, y, self.xycoords)
   1906 
   1907     def _check_xy(self, renderer, xy_pixel):

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in _get_xy(self, renderer, x, y, s)
   1757 
   1758         if s1 == 'data':
-> 1759             x = float(self.convert_xunits(x))
   1760         if s2 == 'data':
   1761             y = float(self.convert_yunits(y))

TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a number, not 'tuple'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\formatters.py in __call__(self, obj)
    339                 pass
    340             else:
--> 341                 return printer(obj)
    342             # Finally look for special method names
    343             method = get_real_method(obj, self.print_method)

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\pylabtools.py in <lambda>(fig)
    242 
    243     if 'png' in formats:
--> 244         png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: print_figure(fig, 'png', **kwargs))
    245     if 'retina' in formats or 'png2x' in formats:
    246         png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: retina_figure(fig, **kwargs))

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\pylabtools.py in print_figure(fig, fmt, bbox_inches, **kwargs)
    126 
    127     bytes_io = BytesIO()
--> 128     fig.canvas.print_figure(bytes_io, **kw)
    129     data = bytes_io.getvalue()
    130     if fmt == 'svg':

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backend_bases.py in print_figure(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, bbox_inches, **kwargs)
   2054                         orientation=orientation,
   2055                         dryrun=True,
-> 2056                         **kwargs)
   2057                     renderer = self.figure._cachedRenderer
   2058                     bbox_artists = kwargs.pop("bbox_extra_artists", None)

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py in print_png(self, filename_or_obj, metadata, pil_kwargs, *args, **kwargs)
    525 
    526         else:
--> 527             FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
    528             renderer = self.get_renderer()
    529             with cbook._setattr_cm(renderer, dpi=self.figure.dpi), \

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py in draw(self)
    386         self.renderer = self.get_renderer(cleared=True)
    387         with RendererAgg.lock:
--> 388             self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
    389             # A GUI class may be need to update a window using this draw, so
    390             # don't forget to call the superclass.

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
   1707             self.patch.draw(renderer)
   1708             mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
-> 1709                 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
   1710 
   1711             renderer.close_group('figure')

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    133     if not_composite or not has_images:
    134         for a in artists:
--> 135             a.draw(renderer)
    136     else:
    137         # Composite any adjacent images together

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
   2643             renderer.stop_rasterizing()
   2644 
-> 2645         mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
   2646 
   2647         renderer.close_group('axes')

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
    133     if not_composite or not has_images:
    134         for a in artists:
--> 135             a.draw(renderer)
    136     else:
    137         # Composite any adjacent images together

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     36                 renderer.start_filter()
     37 
---> 38             return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
     39         finally:
     40             if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in draw(self, renderer)
   2353             return
   2354 
-> 2355         xy_pixel = self._get_position_xy(renderer)
   2356         if not self._check_xy(renderer, xy_pixel):
   2357             return

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in _get_position_xy(self, renderer)
   1903         "Return the pixel position of the annotated point."
   1904         x, y = self.xy
-> 1905         return self._get_xy(renderer, x, y, self.xycoords)
   1906 
   1907     def _check_xy(self, renderer, xy_pixel):

~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py in _get_xy(self, renderer, x, y, s)
   1757 
   1758         if s1 == 'data':
-> 1759             x = float(self.convert_xunits(x))
   1760         if s2 == 'data':
   1761             y = float(self.convert_yunits(y))

TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a number, not 'tuple'

<Figure size 1440x720 with 1 Axes>

想一想可能是因为分组方式的错误，如果我不按月份和年份分组数据，那么将其绘制为日期，如1901-01-31格式，它起作用了

所以我试着用use.reset_索引来解组，但是X标签是数据的索引，我想要的是月/年

此外，我还尝试通过使用将多索引合并为一个索引 data.index=['{}-{}'。formatii，j代表i，j在data.index中] 但我得到了这个 ConversionError:无法将值转换为轴单位：“1901-1”

预期结果与此类似，但以月/年为单位，而不是以天为单位

---

有什么帮助吗？

您的示例数据帧，确保索引是日期时间数据类型

#imports excluded
d = {'mean':{'1901-01-31': 0.60847, '1901-02-28': 0.75183, '1901-03-31': 0.05098,
             '1901-04-30': 0.22906, '1901-05-31': 0.24698, '1901-11-30': 0.93659,
             '1901-12-31': 0.08592, '1902-07-31': 0.7869, '1902-08-31': 0.77402,
             '1902-12-31': 0.60236, '1903-01-31': 0.8055, '1903-02-28': 0.6045,
             '1903-03-31': 0.99139, '1903-04-30': 0.77478, '1903-05-31': 0.88022,
             '1903-06-30': 0.73554},
     'count': {'1901-01-31': 3, '1901-02-28': 6, '1901-03-31': 6, '1901-04-30': 2,
               '1901-05-31': 4, '1901-11-30': 8, '1901-12-31': 1, '1902-07-31': 0,
               '1902-08-31': 9, '1902-12-31': 6, '1903-01-31': 4, '1903-02-28': 7,
               '1903-03-31': 2, '1903-04-30': 1, '1903-05-31': 9, '1903-06-30': 1}}


df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
#df = df.set_index(pd.to_datetime(df.index))

xy参数需要两个浮点元组。按年度和月份分组后；对行进行迭代会生成一个年、月、浮点元组，因为多索引注释不喜欢这样

我还没有弄明白如何让groupby解决方案发挥作用——我认为这将涉及将年、月元组转换为绘图/轴理解的坐标，或者指定可以使用该元组的x坐标系

按月绘制和注释作品

data = df.resample('M').mean()
# or maybe it should be
#data = df.resample('M').agg({'mean':'mean','count':'sum'})

ax = data['mean'].plot()

for x,y,count in zip(data.index,data['mean'],data['count']):
    ax.annotate(f'{count:.0f}',xy=(x,y), ha='center',clip_on=True)

# or
for (x,(y,count)) in data.iterrows():
    ax.annotate(f'{count:.0f}',xy=(x,y), ha='center',clip_on=True)


plt.show()
plt.close()

---

示例数据框中缺少月份，因此此图具有不连续性。

在发布有关产生异常的代码的问题时，始终包含完整的回溯-复制并粘贴它，然后将其格式化为代码选择它并键入ctrl键，在分组之前可能包含原始数据帧的最小示例。我向问题添加了一个问题：您希望每年单独绘制或子绘图，还是希望每年都有一条x轴为月的线？一条线x轴为月/年的绘图和线条谢谢，但在我的代码中，这部分plt.figure ax=data['mean'].plotfigsize=20,10，linewidth=0.8是有效的，即使我按问题分组，这部分是d，数据中的行。ItError:ax.注释“{.0f}”。formatrow['count']，xy=d，row['mean']，ha='center'，clip_on=True