Python 扩展tkinter项目以适应320x240 raspberry Pi屏幕

我正在开发一个tkinter GUI，它使用一个画布小部件，以便在背景中有一个图像和上面的小部件。这个GUI将在

320x240

raspberry pi屏幕上运行。我对为这些屏幕设计GUI很陌生，过去只为笔记本电脑开发过。当前，GUI如下所示：

实际结果

如你所见，它太小了。我想要的是：

预期结果

#!/usr/bin/env python
try:
    import Tkinter as tk
except:
    import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


root = tk.Tk()
root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
root.geometry("1280x480")

#Define Canvas
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=320, height=240)
canvas.grid(row=1,column=1)


# translates an rgb tuple of int to a tkinter friendly color code
def _from_rgb(rgb):
    return "#%02x%02x%02x" % rgb

# Called when user presses View Log button
def viewLogRaise():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="normal")
    quote = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:
    Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
    The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
    Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
    And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
    No more--and by a sleep to say we end
    The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
    That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
    Devoutly to be wished."""
    logText.insert(tk.END, quote)

def backToMenu():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="normal")

# Background
pathToGif = "redpoly2.jpg"
# red_background=Image.open("redBackground.gif")
backgroundImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=pathToGif)
canvas.background = backgroundImage
bg = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=tk.NW, image=backgroundImage)
titleLabel = tk.Label(root,fg="white", text="TEXT",borderwidth=2,relief="solid", bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 44))
titleLabelWindow = canvas.create_window(160,90,window=titleLabel)
logButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="View Log",command=viewLogRaise,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 22))
logButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(160,180,window=logButton)
backButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="Back",command=backToMenu,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)))
backButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(20,227,window=backButton)
canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
logText=tk.Text(root,bg="white",height=12,width=35,borderwidth=2,relief="solid")
logTextWindow = canvas.create_window(160,110,window=logText)
canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
root.mainloop()

我之所以制作几何图形是因为我想在我的Raspberry Pi屏幕上运行这个GUI，它是

320x240

。然而，pi将HDMI电缆的输出镜像到屏幕上。HDMI输出

1280x480

。我只需要它在raspberry pi屏幕上看起来更清晰，无论它在HDMI输出上看起来有多长。

代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
try:
    import Tkinter as tk
except:
    import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


root = tk.Tk()
root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
root.geometry("1280x480")

#Define Canvas
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=320, height=240)
canvas.grid(row=1,column=1)


# translates an rgb tuple of int to a tkinter friendly color code
def _from_rgb(rgb):
    return "#%02x%02x%02x" % rgb

# Called when user presses View Log button
def viewLogRaise():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="normal")
    quote = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:
    Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
    The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
    Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
    And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
    No more--and by a sleep to say we end
    The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
    That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
    Devoutly to be wished."""
    logText.insert(tk.END, quote)

def backToMenu():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="normal")

# Background
pathToGif = "redpoly2.jpg"
# red_background=Image.open("redBackground.gif")
backgroundImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=pathToGif)
canvas.background = backgroundImage
bg = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=tk.NW, image=backgroundImage)
titleLabel = tk.Label(root,fg="white", text="TEXT",borderwidth=2,relief="solid", bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 44))
titleLabelWindow = canvas.create_window(160,90,window=titleLabel)
logButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="View Log",command=viewLogRaise,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 22))
logButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(160,180,window=logButton)
backButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="Back",command=backToMenu,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)))
backButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(20,227,window=backButton)
canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
logText=tk.Text(root,bg="white",height=12,width=35,borderwidth=2,relief="solid")
logTextWindow = canvas.create_window(160,110,window=logText)
canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
root.mainloop()

我尝试的

我使用了

root.attributes（'-fullscreen'，True）

，认为这将缩放根帧的内容以匹配屏幕分辨率，但是这一行只会使tkinter窗口完全变大

我考虑调整整个GUI的大小，使其在

1280x480

上运行，但这意味着它们的像素太多，pi屏幕无法显示

redpoly2图像

#!/usr/bin/env python
try:
    import Tkinter as tk
except:
    import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


root = tk.Tk()
root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)
root.geometry("1280x480")

#Define Canvas
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=320, height=240)
canvas.grid(row=1,column=1)


# translates an rgb tuple of int to a tkinter friendly color code
def _from_rgb(rgb):
    return "#%02x%02x%02x" % rgb

# Called when user presses View Log button
def viewLogRaise():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="normal")
    quote = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:
    Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
    The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
    Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
    And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
    No more--and by a sleep to say we end
    The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
    That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
    Devoutly to be wished."""
    logText.insert(tk.END, quote)

def backToMenu():
    #Hide Previous Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
    canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
    #Open Closed Windows
    canvas.itemconfigure(logButtonWindow, state="normal")
    canvas.itemconfigure(titleLabelWindow, state="normal")

# Background
pathToGif = "redpoly2.jpg"
# red_background=Image.open("redBackground.gif")
backgroundImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file=pathToGif)
canvas.background = backgroundImage
bg = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor=tk.NW, image=backgroundImage)
titleLabel = tk.Label(root,fg="white", text="TEXT",borderwidth=2,relief="solid", bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 44))
titleLabelWindow = canvas.create_window(160,90,window=titleLabel)
logButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="View Log",command=viewLogRaise,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 22))
logButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(160,180,window=logButton)
backButton = tk.Button(root,fg="white",text="Back",command=backToMenu,borderwidth=2,relief="raised",bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)))
backButtonWindow = canvas.create_window(20,227,window=backButton)
canvas.itemconfigure(backButtonWindow, state="hidden")
logText=tk.Text(root,bg="white",height=12,width=35,borderwidth=2,relief="solid")
logTextWindow = canvas.create_window(160,110,window=logText)
canvas.itemconfigure(logTextWindow, state="hidden")
root.mainloop()

---

您可以在不使用

画布

小部件的情况下获得背景图像，这样做将允许您使用tkinter的几何管理器来放置小部件。我真的不明白Raspberry Pi的320x240屏幕和1280x480 HDMI屏幕之间的关系

下面的代码演示了如何显示背景图像以及上面的一些小部件。还有一个

按钮

，用于在所需的两个窗口之间切换窗口大小

from PIL import Image, ImageTk
try:
    import Tkinter as tk
except:
    import tkinter as tk


path_to_bkgr_img = "redpoly2.jpg"
WIN_SIZES = (320, 240), (1280, 480)


# Translates an rgb tuple of int to a tkinter friendly color code.
def _from_rgb(rgb):
    return "#%02x%02x%02x" % rgb

def change_size():
    """ Sets/changes window size to next one available in WIN_SIZES. """
    global cur_size
    cur_size = (cur_size + 1) % len(WIN_SIZES)
    config_window()

def config_window():
    """ Sets root window's title, size, and background image. """
    global background_label

    geometry = '{}x{}'.format(*WIN_SIZES[cur_size])
    root.geometry(geometry)
    root.title(geometry)

    # Resize background to fit window size.
    btn_img = background_image.resize(WIN_SIZES[cur_size], resample=Image.BICUBIC)
    btn_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(btn_img)  # Make tkinter compatible.

    if not background_label:  # Create Label if necessary.
        background_label = tk.Label(root)
    background_label.config(image=btn_img)
    background_label.image = btn_img  # Keep reference.
    background_label.place(x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)


root = tk.Tk()
background_image = Image.open(path_to_bkgr_img)
background_label = None
cur_size = 0
config_window()

titleLabel = tk.Label(root, fg="white", text="TEXT", borderwidth=2, relief="solid",
                      bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)), font=("Courier", 44))
titleLabel.pack(padx=5, pady=5, expand=1)

logButton = tk.Button(root, fg="white", text="Change Size", command=change_size,
                      borderwidth=2, relief="raised", bg=_from_rgb((239, 36, 37)),
                      font=("Courier", 22))
logButton.pack(padx=5, pady=5, expand=1)

root.bind_all('<KeyPress-Escape>', lambda *event: quit())  # Press Esc key to quit app.
root.mainloop()

从PIL导入图像，ImageTk
尝试：
将Tkinter作为tk导入
除：
将tkinter作为tk导入
路径\u至\u bkgr\u img=“redpoly2.jpg”
WIN_大小=（320240），（1280480）
#将int的rgb元组转换为tkinter友好的颜色代码。
来自rgb（rgb）的定义：
返回“#%02x%02x%02x”%rgb
def更改_大小（）：
“”“将窗口大小设置/更改为WIN\u大小中可用的下一个窗口大小。”“”
全局电流大小
当前大小=（当前大小+1）%len（赢大小）
配置窗口（）
def config_窗口（）：
“”“设置根窗口的标题、大小和背景图像。”“”
全局背景标签
几何体='{}x{}'。格式（*WIN_size[cur_size]）
根。几何体（几何体）
根标题（几何）
#调整背景大小以适应窗口大小。
btn\u img=background\u image.resize（WIN\u size[cur\u size]，resample=image.BICUBIC）
btn_img=ImageTk.PhotoImage（btn_img）#使tkinter兼容。
如果不是背景标签：#必要时创建标签。
背景\标签=tk.label（根）
background\u label.config（image=btn\u img）
background_label.image=btn_img#保留参考。
背景标签位置（x=0，y=0，relwidth=1，relheight=1）
root=tk.tk（）
背景\u图像=图像。打开（路径\u到\u bkgr\u img）
背景标签=无
电流大小=0
配置窗口（）
titleLabel=tk.Label（根，fg=“白色”，text=“文本”，borderwidth=2，relief=“实心”，
bg=_from_rgb（（239,36,37）），字体=（“Courier”，44））
titleLabel.pack（padx=5，pady=5，expand=1）
logButton=tk.Button（root，fg=“white”，text=“Change Size”，command=Change\u Size，
borderwidth=2，relief=“raised”，bg=_from_rgb（（239,36,37）），
字体=（“信使”，22））
logButton.pack（padx=5，pady=5，expand=1）
root.bind_all（“”，lambda*事件：quit（））35;按Esc键退出应用程序。
root.mainloop（）

以下是屏幕截图，显示了每种尺寸显示的内容：

---

可以在/boot分区上的

config.txt

文件中配置RPi的输出。通过参考，您可以将HDMI的输出设置为特定模式。在您的情况下，这可能需要所述的自定义设置

使用以下配置字符串在

config.txt

中指定新模式：

hdmi\u cvt=

其中：

值默认描述
宽度（必需）以像素为单位的宽度
高度（必需）以像素为单位的高度
帧速率（必需）帧速率，单位为Hz
纵横比1=4:3，2=14:9，3=16:9，4=5:4，5=16:10，6=15:9
边距0 0=禁用边距，1=启用边距
隔行0 0=逐行扫描，1=隔行扫描
rb 0 0=正常，1=减少消隐

您的问题不清楚-我不确定您想知道什么。我也无法运行您的代码，因为您没有提供

redpoly2.jpg

图像。您使用

create\u window

而不是使用

pack

和/或

grid

，有什么原因吗？通常，

pack

和

grid

在根据窗口大小扩展UI方面做得非常好。如果您将窗口显式放置在特定坐标处，则您完全有责任处理分辨率差异。@BryanOakley我使用画布是因为我想要背景图像。我找不到将图像分配给帧的方法，因为帧没有图像属性。@martineau我提供了图像。请原谅我的无知，我不熟悉raspberry pi及其“常规”输出与HDMI。不管怎样，如果希望GUI适合320x240，为什么要设置

root.geometry（“1280x480”）

？