Python Django:非空约束失败：crf\u heu.date\u id

我有一个非常简单的模型，但无法解决与约束相关的错误

我有两个模型：Jours和Heures与OneToMany关系链接（一个Jours实例可以有多个Heures实例）

我有一个表单可以在Heures中添加记录，但有一个错误我不理解：

非空约束失败：crf\U heu.date\U id

型号.py

class Jours(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    jou_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    jou_dat = models.DateField("Date du pointage", null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_jou'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Dates'
        ordering = ['jou_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.jou_dat}"

class Heures(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    heu_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    date = models.ForeignKey(Jours, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    heu_dat = models.TimeField("Heure du pointage", null=True, blank=True,auto_now_add=True)
    heu_cod = models.IntegerField("Code employé", null=True, blank=True)    
    heu_com = models.CharField("Commentaires", max_length = 150, null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_heu'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Heures'
        ordering = ['heu_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.heu_dat}"

@login_required
def index(request):

    if request.method == "POST":
        form = HeuresForm(request, data=request.POST or None)
        if form.is_valid():
            heu_cod = form.cleaned_data['heu_cod'],
            heu_com = form.cleaned_data['heu_com'],
            date_id = Jours.objects.get(jou_dat = datetime.date.today()).jou_dat
            form.save()

            return redirect('home')

    else:
        form = HeuresForm(request)

    return render(request, 'pointage/index.html', {'form': form})

class HeuresForm(forms.ModelForm):

    # surcharge méthode constructeur (__init__) pour avoir accès aux variables de sessions
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3778148/django-form-validation-including-the-use-of-session-data
    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = request
        super(HeuresForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    class Meta:
        model = Heures
        fields = ('heu_cod','heu_com',)

    heu_dat= forms.CharField(label ='Heure du pointage', widget=forms.TimeInput(),initial = datetime.datetime.now,)
    heu_cod = forms.CharField(label ='Code employé', widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    heu_com = forms.CharField(label ='Commentaires', widget=forms.TextInput())

视图.py

class Jours(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    jou_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    jou_dat = models.DateField("Date du pointage", null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_jou'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Dates'
        ordering = ['jou_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.jou_dat}"

class Heures(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    heu_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    date = models.ForeignKey(Jours, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    heu_dat = models.TimeField("Heure du pointage", null=True, blank=True,auto_now_add=True)
    heu_cod = models.IntegerField("Code employé", null=True, blank=True)    
    heu_com = models.CharField("Commentaires", max_length = 150, null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_heu'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Heures'
        ordering = ['heu_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.heu_dat}"

@login_required
def index(request):

    if request.method == "POST":
        form = HeuresForm(request, data=request.POST or None)
        if form.is_valid():
            heu_cod = form.cleaned_data['heu_cod'],
            heu_com = form.cleaned_data['heu_com'],
            date_id = Jours.objects.get(jou_dat = datetime.date.today()).jou_dat
            form.save()

            return redirect('home')

    else:
        form = HeuresForm(request)

    return render(request, 'pointage/index.html', {'form': form})

class HeuresForm(forms.ModelForm):

    # surcharge méthode constructeur (__init__) pour avoir accès aux variables de sessions
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3778148/django-form-validation-including-the-use-of-session-data
    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = request
        super(HeuresForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    class Meta:
        model = Heures
        fields = ('heu_cod','heu_com',)

    heu_dat= forms.CharField(label ='Heure du pointage', widget=forms.TimeInput(),initial = datetime.datetime.now,)
    heu_cod = forms.CharField(label ='Code employé', widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    heu_com = forms.CharField(label ='Commentaires', widget=forms.TextInput())

forms.py

class Jours(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    jou_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    jou_dat = models.DateField("Date du pointage", null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_jou'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Dates'
        ordering = ['jou_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.jou_dat}"

class Heures(models.Model):

    _safedelete_policy = SOFT_DELETE_CASCADE
    heu_ide = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    date = models.ForeignKey(Jours, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    heu_dat = models.TimeField("Heure du pointage", null=True, blank=True,auto_now_add=True)
    heu_cod = models.IntegerField("Code employé", null=True, blank=True)    
    heu_com = models.CharField("Commentaires", max_length = 150, null=True, blank=True)
    log = HistoricalRecords()

    class Meta:

        db_table = 'crf_heu'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Heures'
        ordering = ['heu_ide']

    def __str__(self):

        return f"{self.heu_dat}"

@login_required
def index(request):

    if request.method == "POST":
        form = HeuresForm(request, data=request.POST or None)
        if form.is_valid():
            heu_cod = form.cleaned_data['heu_cod'],
            heu_com = form.cleaned_data['heu_com'],
            date_id = Jours.objects.get(jou_dat = datetime.date.today()).jou_dat
            form.save()

            return redirect('home')

    else:
        form = HeuresForm(request)

    return render(request, 'pointage/index.html', {'form': form})

class HeuresForm(forms.ModelForm):

    # surcharge méthode constructeur (__init__) pour avoir accès aux variables de sessions
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3778148/django-form-validation-including-the-use-of-session-data
    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = request
        super(HeuresForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    class Meta:
        model = Heures
        fields = ('heu_cod','heu_com',)

    heu_dat= forms.CharField(label ='Heure du pointage', widget=forms.TimeInput(),initial = datetime.datetime.now,)
    heu_cod = forms.CharField(label ='Code employé', widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    heu_com = forms.CharField(label ='Commentaires', widget=forms.TextInput())

---

由于不允许

您没有在此处指定date=models.ForeignKey（Jours，on_delete=models.CASCADE）

为空，您需要或允许该值，或在表单上添加此字段：

class HeuresForm(forms.ModelForm):

    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = request
        super(HeuresForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    gender = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Heures.objects.all(),
                                    to_field_name = 'date',
                                    empty_label="Select heures")
    class Meta:
        model = Heures
        fields = ('heu_cod', 'heu_com', 'gender)

    heu_dat= forms.CharField(label ='Heure du pointage', widget=forms.TimeInput(),initial = datetime.datetime.now,)
    heu_cod = forms.CharField(label ='Code employé', widget=forms.PasswordInput())
    heu_com = forms.CharField(label ='Commentaires', widget=forms.TextInput())

---

您可能需要将“jou_ide”更改为id，这是Jours上的自动字段。在此之后，可能需要Heures模型中的“null=True”来表示日期列

您没有在这里指定

date=models.ForeignKey（Jours，on_delete=models.CASCADE）

在

crf\u heu

表中，该字段可以是

NULL

，并且在您的表单中您没有添加此字段。但是它不能是NULL，因为它是DjangoI中的外键。我已经添加NULL=True:date=models.ForeignKey（Jours，on_delete=models.CASCADE，null=True），当我注册一个Jours实例时，它确实解决了错误，但日期保持为空（null）