在Windows上删除和重新安装Python Sphinx

我正在尝试使用Python（3.8）和Sphinx（3.3.1）来构建HTML文档。但是，

sphinx build

命令给了我以下错误：

C:\Users\Me\Dropbox\Kuchen>sphinx-build -b html source build
Running Sphinx v3.3.1
loading pickled environment... done
building [mo]: targets for 0 po files that are out of date
building [html]: targets for 1 source files that are out of date
updating environment: 0 added, 1 changed, 0 removed
reading sources... [100%] kaesekuchen
looking for now-outdated files... none found
pickling environment... done
checking consistency... done
preparing documents... done
writing output... [100%] kaesekuchen
generating indices... genindex done
writing additional pages... search done
copying static files... WARNING: Failed to copy a file in html_static_file: c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery-3.5.1.js: PermissionError(13, 'Permission denied')
WARNING: Failed to copy a file in html_static_file: c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery.js: PermissionError(13, 'Permission denied')
done
copying extra files... done
dumping search index in English (code: en)... done
dumping object inventory... done
build succeeded, 2 warnings.

但是,

build

中的HTML文件

kaesekuchen

未更新/更改

文件夹

c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python38\lib\site packages\sphinx

不存在

后者是我的错，因为我在文件资源管理器中删除了它，但只是因为我以前遇到了完全相同的错误，希望删除并重新安装

Sphinx

可以解决这个问题

相反，命令

pip uninstall sphinx

和后续的

pip install-U sphinx

不会更改该文件夹中的任何内容，尽管有以下输出，但后者仅提供以下乐观输出：

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.1198]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\me>pip uninstall sphinx
Found existing installation: Sphinx 3.3.1
Uninstalling Sphinx-3.3.1:
  Would remove:
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\sphinx-3.3.1.dist-info\*
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages\sphinx\*
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\scripts\sphinx-apidoc.exe
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\scripts\sphinx-autogen.exe
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\scripts\sphinx-build.exe
    c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\scripts\sphinx-quickstart.exe
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled Sphinx-3.3.1

C:\Users\me>pip install -U sphinx
Collecting sphinx
  Using cached Sphinx-3.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.9 MB)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: docutils>=0.12 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (0.16)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.1.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: snowballstemmer>=1.1 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: alabaster<0.8,>=0.7 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (0.7.12)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: setuptools in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (41.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: colorama>=0.3.5; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-jsmath in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: babel>=1.3 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (2.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: imagesize in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-devhelp in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-qthelp in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: Jinja2>=2.3 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (2.11.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-applehelp in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: requests>=2.5.0 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (2.25.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: packaging in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (20.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (1.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: Pygments>=2.0 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from sphinx) (2.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytz>=2015.7 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from babel>=1.3->sphinx) (2020.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.3->sphinx) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (1.26.2)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: idna<3,>=2.5 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (2.10)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (2020.11.8)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from requests>=2.5.0->sphinx) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->sphinx) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->sphinx) (2.4.7)
Installing collected packages: sphinx
Successfully installed sphinx-3.3.1

但是，尽管有此输出，但没有创建此类文件或

source

文件夹

---

如何才能彻底重置Sphinx安装并重新运行文档？

解决这个问题需要一个有点尴尬的解释，它同时取决于：操作系统（Windows）、您的特定安装以及您如何执行Sphinx

在Windows上，您可以在不同的位置安装多个Python（取决于…）：

一个常见的位置是

C:\ProgramFiles\Python3x

代码是

C:\Users\me\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python3.x\

。我觉得这很不方便，因为它离根部很远

当前流行的扩展Python安装的方法是使用虚拟环境（

venv

）

您的

venv

，无论您决定将其放置在何处。（使用

venv

被认为是“事实上”的最佳实践。）

在某个时间点，您将设置为，Windows将在这些路径中查找Python安装。注意这些规则。现在的问题是，如果路径上设置了多个Python安装，Windows也会在其他安装中查找库

（关于在Windows上安装Python的一般说明是必要的。2019年的某个时候，微软将Python与Windows结合在一起——正如一位著名的SO用户所指出的那样，并提到了这一点。大约在那个时候，出现了一个Windows bug，要求使用管理员帐户设置环境变量——我找不到参考，但在某个地方提到了它。）这意味着建议单独安装Python，并将环境变量设置为admin。）

---

---

话虽如此，您描述的问题有几个方面（请特别注意您正在使用的终端）：

sphinx构建中的第一个警告表示sphinx正在尝试从用户帐户安装读取文件（上面第2点）。问题是，您正在执行
sphinx build
的终端没有从用户帐户安装目录中读取的权限，因为终端是在不同的用户帐户下运行的，或者因为帐户安装路径没有设置读取权限……话虽如此，请重新考虑警告：

复制静态文件…警告：无法复制html\u static\u文件中的文件：c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python38\lib\site packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery-3.5.1.js:PermissionError（13，“权限被拒绝”）

警告：未能复制html\u static\u文件中的文件：c:\users\me\appdata\local\programs\python38\lib\site packages\sphinx\themes\basic\static/jquery.js:PermissionError（13，“权限被拒绝”）

也可能是您从帐户安装中删除了Sphinx，而文件/路径根本不存在

接下来，当您尝试使用
pip
重新安装Sphinx时，还不完全清楚它是否是一个，或者
pip
是否在您的
PYTHONPATH
上的另一个安装中找到Sphinx……可能是Sphinx已安装，而终端根本没有读/写权限（取决于调用终端的用户帐户），或者目录可能隐藏在文件资源管理器中

我可以做些什么来彻底重置Sphinx安装并重新运行文档

您的Python基础安装（上面的第1点和第2点）只应针对系统或用户范围的更改（而不是特定的项目更改）写入

<> P>强烈建议您使用A.（如果您以前没有考虑过这样做，因为它是最简单和最干净的解决方案）。。这一点最初看起来可能令人困惑，因为目前最常引用的解决方案是
venv
，使用它很简单，您的IDE应该有一个内置的UI来帮助您通过几次单击来创建它

venv
是一种扩展基本安装的Python环境，它避免了在必须进行特定于项目的更改时需要更改基本安装（如安装Sphinx，理想情况下应该在
venv
上，而不是在基本安装上）

最后，当您从终端运行Sphinx时，建议在终端上运行Sphinx，否则执行的Python安装将调用终端。
不要在系统Python中安装软件包。这只会带来痛苦和痛苦。始终创建一个虚拟环境，然后将软件包安装到该环境中s（1）创建一个目录来保存您的项目，（2）将
cd
放入该目录，（3）将
python-m venv env
创建虚拟环境，（4）将
source env/bin/activate
激活虚拟环境，（5）将
env/bin/pip安装Sphinx
安装Sphinx，（6）使用Sphinx快速入门。@StevePiercy只是为了补充上述评论，我个人
For a list of supported codes, see
https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#confval-language.
> Project language [en]: en

Creating file C:\Users\me\Dropbox\Kuchentest\source\conf.py.
Creating file C:\Users\me\Dropbox\Kuchentest\source\index.rst.
Creating file C:\Users\me\Dropbox\Kuchentest\Makefile.
Creating file C:\Users\me\Dropbox\Kuchentest\make.bat.

Finished: An initial directory structure has been created.

You should now populate your master file C:\Users\me\Dropbox\Kuchentest\source\index.rst and create other documentation
source files. Use the Makefile to build the docs, like so:
   make builder
where "builder" is one of the supported builders, e.g. html, latex or linkcheck.