Python 处理大型数据帧时出现内存错误

我有一个大的csv文件~5-10 GB，我正在将其转换为熊猫数据帧，处理它并转换回csv文件

下面是我的代码

# Convert csv to dataframe
df = pd.read_csv('A.csv')

#Sort Dataframe Columns
df.columns = df.columns.str.lower()
df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()
df.columns = df.columns.str.replace(' ','_')
df.columns = df.columns.str.replace('-','_')
df.columns = df.columns.str.replace(':',"_")

#Remove duplicate columns in the dataframe
df = df.loc[:,~df.columns.duplicated()]

#Drop rows with null date which are aggregate values
df = df[pd.notnull(df['date'])]

## Formatting and handling headers

# Read headers of the dataframe into headers_new_unsorted variable
headers_new_unsorted = df.columns
headers_new_unsorted = [x.encode('UTF8') for x in headers_new_unsorted]           

i = 0
while i<len(headers_new_unsorted):
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].lower()
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].strip()
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].replace(" ","_")
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].replace("-","_")
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].replace(".","_")
    headers_new_unsorted[i] = headers_new_unsorted[i].replace(":","_")
    i += 1

headers_new = list(unique_everseen(headers_new_unsorted))

#If headers text file not present in the local folder create one
if not os.path.exists('head.txt'):
    file('head.txt', 'w').close()

file = open('head.txt','r')
baseline_headers = file.read().split('\n')

Dfrn_header = set(baseline_headers).symmetric_difference(headers_new) 
Dfrn_header = filter(None, Dfrn_header)

#sort columns
for i in Dfrn_header:
    if i not in baseline_headers:
        df[i] = df[i] 
    else:
        df[i] = np.nan

organize_headers = baseline_headers

#append newly added columns to organize headers local list variable
for i in headers_new:
    if i not in baseline_headers:
        organize_headers = organize_headers+[i]

organize_headers = filter(None, organize_headers)
print organize_headers
new_headers_added = set(organize_headers) - set(baseline_headers)
new_headers_added = [o for o in organize_headers if o in new_headers_added]

#Organize dataframe columns same as organize header list
df = df[organize_headers]

#** Start Data processing **#

#Replace all null values to None
df["A"].fillna("None", inplace=True)
df["P"].fillna("None", inplace=True)
df["C"].fillna("None", inplace=True)
df["D"].fillna("None", inplace = True)

#Modify cities based on States
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('New York'), 'State'] = "NY"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('San Jose'), 'State'] = "California"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Portland'), 'State'] = "Oregon"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Arlington'), 'State'] = "Texas"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('San Diego'), 'State'] = "California"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('LA'), 'State'] = "California"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Rolla'), 'State'] = "Missouri"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Detroit'), 'State'] = "MI"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Chicago'), 'State'] = "IL"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('Louisville'), 'State'] = "Kentucky"
df.loc[df.C.str.startswith('San Francisco'), 'State'] = "California"
df["State"].fillna("None", inplace = True)

ref_data = json.load(open('test.json'))

json_len = len(ref_data)

for i in range(0,json_len):
    for j in range (0,len(ref_data[i])):
        if str(ref_data[i].keys()[j]) != "A":
            df.loc[df[str(ref_data[i].keys()[j])].isnull() & (df.A.astype(str).str.contains(str(ref_data[0]["A"]))), str(ref_data[i].keys()[j])] = str(ref_data[i].values()[j])

#** End of Data Processing **#

df.to_csv('processed.csv',sep=',', index = False)

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我在处理大文件时内存不足。我已经增加了运行此代码的机器的RAM大小。增加更多是不可行的。如何降低内存使用率

熊猫的read\u csv有一个skiprows参数，可用于选择要读入内存的行。您只需将巨大文件的块读入内存并单独处理即可

上面的例子。为了简单起见，只需说您在process函数中完成了所有处理。也可以说您的csv有1000000行长

from csv import writer
for i in range(0, 10):
    skipfunc = lambda x: (i-1) * 100000<= x < i*100000
    df = pd.read_csv('A.csv', skiprows = skipfunc) #only process 1/10 of csv at a time
    processed_df = process(df)
    list = df.to_csv(sep=',', index=False)
    with open('processed.csv', 'w') as f:
        w = writer(f)
        f.writerows(list)

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它在哪里运行？test.json有多大？@Azsgy-在处理阶段内存不足。@chepner-test.json只有几kb，它只是一个配置文件，我正在使用它修改数据帧列中的值。您尝试过使用dask吗？看看这个。谢谢，可以分块阅读和处理。我也在调查。如果你能就如何实现这一目标提出一些见解，那就太好了。