Can'；t使用随机数使Python程序工作

我正在尝试创建一个程序，它使用随机浮动来执行用户选择的操作。在当前设置中，无论我选择哪种操作，程序都会直接打印“退出。感谢您使用我的程序！”

print ( "This program performs mathematical functions with random numbers." )

op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

import random
random.randint(1,10) 
random.random()*10



while (op != "q"): 
    if (op == "+"):
        def add2(a,b):
            print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
            c=a+b
            return c
    elif (op == "-"):
            def subtract2(a,b):
                print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
                c=a-b
                return c
    elif (op == "*"):
            def multiply2(a,b):
                print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
                c=a+b
                return c
    elif (op == "/"):  
           def divide2(a,b):
               print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
               c=a/b
               return c
    elif (op == "%"):
            def remainder2(a,b):
                print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
                c=a%b
                return c
    else:
        print ("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

---

您正在if-else语句中定义函数，但从未调用它们，我将代码切换了一点，现在似乎可以工作了

import random

def add2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a+b
    return c

def subtract2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a-b
    return c

def multiply2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a*b
    return c

def divide2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a/b
    return c

def remainder2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a%b
    return c

print("This program performs mathematical functions with random numbers.")
op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

a = random.randint(1,10) 
b = random.random()*10

while (op != "q"): 
    if (op == "+"):
        print(add2(a,b))
    elif (op == "-"):
        print(subtract2(a,b))
    elif (op == "*"):
        print(multiply2(a,b))
    elif (op == "/"):  
        print(divide2(a,b))
    elif (op == "%"):
        print(remainder2(a,b))
    else:
        print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

---

您正在if-else语句中定义函数，但从未调用它们，我将代码切换了一点，现在似乎可以工作了

import random

def add2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a+b
    return c

def subtract2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a-b
    return c

def multiply2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a*b
    return c

def divide2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a/b
    return c

def remainder2(a,b):
    print("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a%b
    return c

print("This program performs mathematical functions with random numbers.")
op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

a = random.randint(1,10) 
b = random.random()*10

while (op != "q"): 
    if (op == "+"):
        print(add2(a,b))
    elif (op == "-"):
        print(subtract2(a,b))
    elif (op == "*"):
        print(multiply2(a,b))
    elif (op == "/"):  
        print(divide2(a,b))
    elif (op == "%"):
        print(remainder2(a,b))
    else:
        print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

---

这段代码有几个问题

首先，您不调用任何函数。相反，您只是简单地定义了它们。例如，如果输入“+”，则将输入if条件，其中

op=='+'

。但是，由于您没有实际调用函数

add2（a，b）

，因此不会执行任何操作。你只是简单地定义了它

其次，不将生成的随机值保存到变量中。而不是：

random.randint(1,10) 
random.random()*10

你可能会这样写：

a = random.randint(1, 10)
b = random.random() * 10

第三，在定义if条件时，不需要使用括号

稍加修改后，您可能会编写如下代码：

import random


def add2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def subtract2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a - b
    return c


def multiply2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def divide2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a / b
    return c


def remainder2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a % b
    return c


op = None

while op != "q":
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    a = random.randint(1, 10)
    b = random.random() * 10

    if op == "+":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "-":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "*":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "/":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "%":
        print(add2(a, b))
    else:
        print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")

通过消除if条件并替换为字典，可以进一步改进给定的代码。类似这样的方法会奏效：

import random


def add2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def subtract2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a - b
    return c


def multiply2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def divide2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a / b
    return c


def remainder2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a % b
    return c


op = None

operations = {'+': add2, '-': subtract2, '*': multiply2, '/': divide2, '%': remainder2}

while op != "q":
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    a = random.randint(1, 10)
    b = random.random() * 10

    if op in operations:
        operations[op](a, b)

print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")

---

通过探索python中可以使用的其他技巧，您可以进一步改进上述代码。

此代码存在一些问题

首先，您不调用任何函数。相反，您只是简单地定义了它们。例如，如果输入“+”，则将输入if条件，其中

op=='+'

。但是，由于您没有实际调用函数

add2（a，b）

，因此不会执行任何操作。你只是简单地定义了它

其次，不将生成的随机值保存到变量中。而不是：

random.randint(1,10) 
random.random()*10

你可能会这样写：

a = random.randint(1, 10)
b = random.random() * 10

第三，在定义if条件时，不需要使用括号

稍加修改后，您可能会编写如下代码：

import random


def add2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def subtract2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a - b
    return c


def multiply2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def divide2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a / b
    return c


def remainder2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a % b
    return c


op = None

while op != "q":
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    a = random.randint(1, 10)
    b = random.random() * 10

    if op == "+":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "-":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "*":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "/":
        print(add2(a, b))
    elif op == "%":
        print(add2(a, b))
    else:
        print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")

通过消除if条件并替换为字典，可以进一步改进给定的代码。类似这样的方法会奏效：

import random


def add2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def subtract2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a - b
    return c


def multiply2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a + b
    return c


def divide2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a / b
    return c


def remainder2(a, b):
    print("mathop called with", a, "and", b)
    c = a % b
    return c


op = None

operations = {'+': add2, '-': subtract2, '*': multiply2, '/': divide2, '%': remainder2}

while op != "q":
    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    a = random.randint(1, 10)
    b = random.random() * 10

    if op in operations:
        operations[op](a, b)

print("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")

---

通过探索python中可以使用的其他技巧，您可以进一步改进上述代码。

您应该调用函数来使用它。试试这个：

import random

def add2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a+b
    return c

def subtract2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a-b
    return c

def multiply2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a*b
    return c

def divide2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a/b
    return c

def remainder2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a%b
    return c

print ( "This program performs mathematical functions with random numbers." )

p = random.randint(1,10) 
q = random.random()*10

while True:

    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    if (op == "+"):        
        print(add2(p, q))

    elif (op == "-"):            
            print(subtract2(p, q))

    elif (op == "*"):            
            print(multiply2(p,q))

    elif (op == "/"):             
           print(divide2(p, q))

    elif (op == "%"):            
            print(remainder2(p, q))

    elif (op == 'q'):
        print ("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")
        break 

---

你应该调用函数来使用它。试试这个：

import random

def add2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a+b
    return c

def subtract2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a-b
    return c

def multiply2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a*b
    return c

def divide2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a/b
    return c

def remainder2(a,b):
    print ("mathop called with",a,"and",b)
    c=a%b
    return c

print ( "This program performs mathematical functions with random numbers." )

p = random.randint(1,10) 
q = random.random()*10

while True:

    op = input("Choose a math operation (Please type +, -, *, /, % to select an operation, or type q to quit ): ")

    if (op == "+"):        
        print(add2(p, q))

    elif (op == "-"):            
            print(subtract2(p, q))

    elif (op == "*"):            
            print(multiply2(p,q))

    elif (op == "/"):             
           print(divide2(p, q))

    elif (op == "%"):            
            print(remainder2(p, q))

    elif (op == 'q'):
        print ("Quitting. Thank you for using my program!")
        break 

---

是否要为任何操作生成新编号？是否要为任何操作生成新编号？