Python 库“请求”无法预测地得到不同的结果

为什么该代码：

import requests


response = requests.post('http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr/cgi-bin/famecgi', data={
    'cgi': '$ozetweb',
    'ARAVERIGRUP': 'bie_yymkpyuk.db',
    'DIL': 'UK',
    'ONDALIK': '5',
    'wfmultiple_selection': 'ZAMANSERILERI',
    'f_begdt': '07-01-2005',
    'f_enddt': '07-10-2016',
    'ZAMANSERILERI': ['TP.PYUK1', 'TP.PYUK2', 'TP.PYUK21', 'TP.PYUK22', 'TP.PYUK3', 'TP.PYUK4', 'TP.PYUK5', 'TP.PYUK6'],
    'YON': '3',
    'SUBMITDEG': 'Report',
    'GRTYPE': '1',
    'EPOSTA': 'xxx',
    'RESIMPOSTA': '***',
})

print(response.text)

在Python2（

2.7.12

）和Python3（

3.5.2

）中产生不同的结果？我使用的是

请求==2.11.1

。由于

请求

库支持使用相同API的两个Python版本，我想结果应该是相同的

预期结果是通过使用Python 2运行代码获得的结果。它每次都有效。使用Python3运行时，服务器有时会返回错误，有时也会正常工作。（这是有趣的部分。）

由于它与Python2一起工作，我认为错误必须发生在客户端。对于Python3如何处理编码或通过套接字发送数据，是否有我应该注意的警告

---

编辑：在下面的评论中，有人能够重现这一点，并确认存在此问题。

这似乎归结为python2和python3中的DICT之间的不同，因为python3.3和服务器至少需要先出现cgi字段，以下内容可以重现：

good = requests.post('http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr/cgi-bin/famecgi', data=([
    ('cgi', '$ozetweb'),
    ('ARAVERIGRUP', 'bie_yymkpyuk.db'),
    ('DIL', 'UK'),
    ('ONDALIK', '5'),
    ('wfmultiple_selection', 'ZAMANSERILERI'),
    ('f_begdt', '07-01-2005'),
    ('f_enddt', '07-10-2016'),
    ('ZAMANSERILERI',
     ['TP.PYUK1', 'TP.PYUK2', 'TP.PYUK21', 'TP.PYUK22', 'TP.PYUK3', 'TP.PYUK4', 'TP.PYUK5', 'TP.PYUK6']),
    ('YON', '3'),
    ('SUBMITDEG', 'Report'),
    ('GRTYPE', '1'),
    ('EPOSTA', 'xxx'),
    ('RESIMPOSTA', '***')]))


bad = requests.post('http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr/cgi-bin/famecgi', data=([
    ('ARAVERIGRUP', 'bie_yymkpyuk.db'),
    ('cgi', '$ozetweb'),
    ('DIL', 'UK'),
    ('wfmultiple_selection', 'ZAMANSERILERI'),
    ('ONDALIK', '5'),
    ('f_begdt', '07-01-2005'),
    ('f_enddt', '07-10-2016'),
    ('ZAMANSERILERI',
     ['TP.PYUK1', 'TP.PYUK2', 'TP.PYUK21', 'TP.PYUK22', 'TP.PYUK3', 'TP.PYUK4', 'TP.PYUK5', 'TP.PYUK6']),
    ('YON', '3'),
    ('SUBMITDEG', 'Report'),
    ('GRTYPE', '1'),
    ('EPOSTA', 'xxx'),
    ('RESIMPOSTA', '***')]))

使用python2运行上述代码：

In [6]: print(good.request.body)
   ...: print(bad.request.body)
   ...: 
   ...: print(len(good.text), len(bad.text))
   ...: 
cgi=%24ozetweb&ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&DIL=UK&ONDALIK=5&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&f_begdt=07-01-2005&f_enddt=07-10-2016&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&YON=3&SUBMITDEG=Report&GRTYPE=1&EPOSTA=xxx&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A
ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&cgi=%24ozetweb&DIL=UK&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&ONDALIK=5&f_begdt=07-01-2005&f_enddt=07-10-2016&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&YON=3&SUBMITDEG=Report&GRTYPE=1&EPOSTA=xxx&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A
(71299, 134)

和蟒蛇3：

In [4]: print(good.request.body)
   ...: print(bad.request.body)
   ...: 
   ...: print(len(good.text), len(bad.text))
   ...: 
cgi=%24ozetweb&ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&DIL=UK&ONDALIK=5&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&f_begdt=07-01-2005&f_enddt=07-10-2016&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&YON=3&SUBMITDEG=Report&GRTYPE=1&EPOSTA=xxx&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A
ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&cgi=%24ozetweb&DIL=UK&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&ONDALIK=5&f_begdt=07-01-2005&f_enddt=07-10-2016&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&YON=3&SUBMITDEG=Report&GRTYPE=1&EPOSTA=xxx&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A
71299 134

通过python2中发布的口述：

In [4]: response.request.body
Out[4]: 'cgi=%24ozetweb&DIL=UK&f_enddt=07-10-2016&YON=3&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&GRTYPE=1&SUBMITDEG=Report&f_begdt=07-01-2005&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&ONDALIK=5&EPOSTA=xxx'

In [5]: len(response.text)
Out[5]: 71299

python3中也有同样的格言：

In [3]: response.request.body
Out[3]: 'EPOSTA=xxx&ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&DIL=UK&SUBMITDEG=Report&cgi=%24ozetweb&GRTYPE=1&f_enddt=07-10-2016&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&ONDALIK=5&f_begdt=07-01-2005&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A&YON=3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6'

In [4]: len(response.text)
Out[4]: 134

并在启动另一个ipython2 shell之前运行

~$export pythonhasheed=1234

：

In [4]: response.request.body
Out[4]: 'DIL=UK&GRTYPE=1&ARAVERIGRUP=bie_yymkpyuk.db&f_begdt=07-01-2005&RESIMPOSTA=%2A%2A%2A&ONDALIK=5&EPOSTA=xxx&YON=3&SUBMITDEG=Report&wfmultiple_selection=ZAMANSERILERI&cgi=%24ozetweb&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK1&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK2&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK21&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK22&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK3&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK4&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK5&ZAMANSERILERI=TP.PYUK6&f_enddt=07-10-2016'

In [5]: os.environ["PYTHONHASHSEED"]
Out[5]: '1234'
In [6]: len(response.text)
Out[6]: 134

---

您可以多次运行代码以达到相同的目的，但肯定

（'cgi'，'ozetweb'）

首先运行是代码正常工作的必要条件，使用python3时偶尔会出现这种情况，因为键的顺序有时会将cgi放在第一位。关于

什么版本的请求？

POST

通常会修改服务器上的数据。为什么每次都希望它返回相同的值？您可以尝试从未来导入unicode文本，然后再次检查python2的行为吗。因为如果没有这些，它实际上不是同一个请求（python2有字节数据，python3有str数据），请求的主体在编码等方面是相同的。。去，除非你有什么原因顺序影响了输出我看不出还有什么不同。我想我们可能有一个线索，运行这两个，在底部添加一个

print（good.text）

和一个

print（bad.text）

，我打赌只有good才会输出你想要的。我认为顺序确实很重要，因为在python3和python2中散列是如何工作的，这就是您看到差异的原因