基于Python的随机维格纳密码

在开始之前澄清一下：我知道也有类似的话题，但并没有真正提供任何直接帮助。另外：这是一个班级项目；所以我不想找任何人来为我的项目编写代码。提示和建议是我正在寻找的。（我会去找我的教授做这类事情，但他懒得检查他的电子邮件。）

该程序旨在获取用户提供的种子，基于整数生成密钥，然后生成一个95 x 95矩阵，其中所有可打印的ascii字符都可用于加密/解密目的。（键为全字母，大写）

关键：所有的细胞都必须随机化。见下图：

我将在下面发布我的代码（Python当然不是我的强项，但我肯定会接受建设性的批评）：

为了以防万一，这里是我的main.py：

import argparse
import randomized_vigenere as rv

def main():

    #Parse parameters
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("-m", "--mode", dest="mode", default = "encrypt", help="Encrypt or Decrypt")
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--inputfile", dest="inputFile", default = "inputFile.txt", help="Input Name")
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--outputfile", dest="outputFile", default = "outputFile.txt", help="Output Name")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--seed", dest="seed", default =7487383487438734, help="Integer seed")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    #Set seed and generate keyword
    seed = args.seed

    #Construct Matrix

    f = open(args.inputFile,'r')
    message = f.read()
    Matrix = rv.Vigenere(seed)
    Matrix.setMessage(message)

    if(args.mode == 'encrypt'):
        Matrix.encrypt()

        Matrix.setMessage(Matrix.ciphertext)
        Matrix.decrypt()
    else:
        Matrix.decrypt()

    o = open(args.outputFile,'w')
    o.write(str(Matrix.ciphertext))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我刚刚使用了默认种子：7487383487438734

---

我的纯文本：ABCdefXYZ

我将回答这个问题：

#This line below does not fill entire matrix. Why?

我想这是你现在的问题。如果我没有弄错的话，这应该是你问题的第一行，而不是简单的功能评论：

def buildVigenere(self):
    n = len(self.symbols)

    #Build the vigenere matrix
    for i in range(n):
        temp = self.symbols

        for j in range(n):
            r = random.randrange(len(temp))
            self.eTable[i][j] = temp[r]

            #This line below does not fill entire matrix. Why?
            self.dTable[j][(ord(temp[r])-32)] = chr(i+32)

            temp = temp.replace(temp[r],'')

我做的第一件事是构建一个小型的自包含示例，如下所示：

import random

def buildVigenere():
    symbols= """!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\] ^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"""

    n = len(symbols)
    eTable = [[0 for i in range(len(symbols))] for i in range(len(symbols))]
    dTable = [[0 for i in range(len(symbols))] for i in range(len(symbols))]

    #Build the vigenere matrix
    for i in range(n):
        temp = symbols

        for j in range(n):
            r = random.randrange(len(temp))
            eTable[i][j] = temp[r]
            print (r,  len(temp),  j,  len(symbols),  temp[r])
            #This line below does not fill entire matrix. Why?
            print (ord(temp[r])-32)
            dTable[j][(ord(temp[r])-32)] = chr(i+32)

            temp = temp.replace(temp[r],'')
    print dTable

buildVigenere()

如果你想在这里找到答案，你真的应该学会这样做，而且更一般地说，你应该成为一名成功的程序员。找到问题所在并能够在简单的情况下重现问题通常是关键

这里我得到一个错误：

Exception "unhandled IndexError"
list assignment index out of range

我添加了一些print语句（见上文），发现错误源于

<>=

符号

字符串中缺少
这一事实

为什么不使用
chr
来构建字符串
符号

对于
buildVigenere
，您可以使用
random.shuffle（x）
我能够让它工作。我将在下面发布我的实现：

main.py

import argparse
import randomized_vigenere as rv

def main():

    #Parse parameters
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("-m", "--mode", dest="mode", default = "encrypt", help="Encrypt or Decrypt")
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--inputfile", dest="inputFile", default = "inputFile.txt", help="Input Name")
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--outputfile", dest="outputFile", default = "outputFile.txt", help="Output Name")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--seed", dest="seed", default =7487383487438734, help="Integer seed")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    #Set seed and generate keyword
    seed = args.seed

    #Construct Matrix
    f = open(args.inputFile,'r')
    message = f.read()
    Matrix = rv.Vigenere(seed)
    Matrix.setMessage(message)

    if(args.mode == 'encrypt'):
        Matrix.encrypt()
    else:
        Matrix.decrypt()

    o = open(args.outputFile,'w')
    o.write(str(Matrix.ciphertext))

    print("Seed used:",Matrix.seed)
    print("Key Generated:",Matrix.keyWord)
    print("Original Message:",Matrix.message)
    print("Decoded Message:",Matrix.ciphertext)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
随机_vigenere.py

（请确保将“”添加到符号列表中。由于某些原因，它们会不断从此帖子中删除。）

谢谢@Eric Levieil的帮助
首先，我想Vigenere类中的DEF是缩进的吧？然后，您真的需要看看Python类模型：类中的函数必须有一个名为self的第一个参数，而且您的“随机化vigenere密码”不是普通密码（与原始vigenere密码相反）。所以请包括一个理论描述。谢谢！我回去修了我的课。我会尽快发布更新版本。就我的描述而言，基本上我想要的是E[x][y]=z=>D[y][z]=x谢谢你的回复！我不知道为什么它不在这里的符号列表上。我的符号列表中确实包含这些字符。奇怪的但是，这仍然不能解释为什么解密表只剩下大约一半的空间。
import argparse
import randomized_vigenere as rv

def main():

    #Parse parameters
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("-m", "--mode", dest="mode", default = "encrypt", help="Encrypt or Decrypt")
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--inputfile", dest="inputFile", default = "inputFile.txt", help="Input Name")
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--outputfile", dest="outputFile", default = "outputFile.txt", help="Output Name")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--seed", dest="seed", default =7487383487438734, help="Integer seed")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    #Set seed and generate keyword
    seed = args.seed

    #Construct Matrix
    f = open(args.inputFile,'r')
    message = f.read()
    Matrix = rv.Vigenere(seed)
    Matrix.setMessage(message)

    if(args.mode == 'encrypt'):
        Matrix.encrypt()
    else:
        Matrix.decrypt()

    o = open(args.outputFile,'w')
    o.write(str(Matrix.ciphertext))

    print("Seed used:",Matrix.seed)
    print("Key Generated:",Matrix.keyWord)
    print("Original Message:",Matrix.message)
    print("Decoded Message:",Matrix.ciphertext)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
import random

class Vigenere(object):

    #Initialize Vigenere object.
        #Sets the random seed based on integer passed to the object
        #Establishes all valid symbols
        #Generates empty matrix which will contain values for encryption/decryption
        #Generates a keyword based on the integer passed to the object
    def __init__(self, seed):
        random.seed(seed)
        self.seed = seed
        self.symbols= """ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"""
        self.Table = [[0 for i in range(len(self.symbols))] for i in range(len(self.symbols))]
        self.keyWord = ""
        self.message = ""
        self.ciphertext = ""
        self.keywordFromSeed(seed)

    #Sets the plaintext that will be encrypted/decrypted
    def setMessage(self,message):
        self.message = message

    #Generate psuedorandom keyword from seed
    def keywordFromSeed(self,seed):
        Letters = []

        while seed > 0:
            Letters.insert(0,chr((seed % 100) % 26 + 65))
            seed = seed // 100
        self.keyWord = "".join(Letters)
        self.buildVigenere()

    #Contructs a 95 x 95 matrix filled randomly with no repeats within same line
    def buildVigenere(self):
        random.seed(self.seed)
        temp = list(self.symbols)
        random.shuffle(temp)
        temp = ''.join(temp)

        for sym in temp:
            random.seed(self.seed)
            myList = []
            for i in range(len(temp)):
                r = random.randrange(len(temp))
                if r not in myList:
                    myList.append(r)
                else:
                    while(r in myList):
                        r = random.randrange(len(temp))
                    myList.append(r)
                while(self.Table[i][r] != 0):
                    r = (r + 1) % len(temp)
                self.Table[i][r] = sym

    #Encryption function that iterates through both the message and the keyword
        #and grabs values from Table based on the ordinal value of the current
        #character being pointed to be the iterator
    def encrypt(self):
        for i in range(len(self.message)):
            mi = i
            ki = i % len(self.keyWord)
            self.ciphertext = self.ciphertext + self.eRetrieve(ki,mi)

    def eRetrieve(self,ki,mi):       
        row = ord(self.message[mi]) - 32
        col = ord(self.keyWord[ki]) - 32
        return self.Table[row][col]

    #Decryption function that iterates through both the message and the keyword
        #and grabs values from Table based on the ordinal value of the current
        #keyWord character being pointed to be the iterator, then traversing the
        #row that corresponds to that value. While traversing that row, once there
        #is a match of the message value being searched for, take the iterator value
        #and convert it to an ascii character. This is the decrypted character
    def decrypt(self):
        self.ciphertext = ""
        for i in range(len(self.message)):
            emi = i
            ki = i % len(self.keyWord)
            self.ciphertext = self.ciphertext + self.dRetrieve(ki,emi)

    def dRetrieve(self,ki,emi):
        n = len(self.symbols)
        whichRow = ord(self.keyWord[ki]) - 32
        for i in range(n):
            if self.Table[i][whichRow] == self.message[emi]:
                decryptChar = chr(i + 32)
                return(decryptChar)