使用Python查找本地IP地址'；s标准数据库
如何在Python平台中独立地并且仅使用标准库查找本地IP地址（即192.168.x.x或10.0.x.x）使用Python查找本地IP地址'；s标准数据库,python,networking,ip-address,Python,Networking,Ip Address,如何在Python平台中独立地并且仅使用标准库查找本地IP地址（即192.168.x.x或10.0.x.x） import socket socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) 这并不总是有效（在主机名位于/etc/hosts中的计算机上，返回127.0.0.1作为127.0.0.1），gimel显示的是一个反义词，使用socket.getfqdn（）。当然，您的计算机需要一个可解析的主机名。恐怕除了连接到另一台计算机并让它向您发送IP地址之外，没
import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
这并不总是有效（在主机名位于
/etc/hosts127.0.0.1127.0.0.1socket.getfqdn（）这里有一个在Linux中有效的解决方案：。我刚刚找到了这个解决方案，但它似乎有点黑客化，不过他们说我在*nix上试过，在windows上也试过，效果很好
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
print(s.getsockname()[0])
s.close()
pip install netifaces
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
for ifaceName in interfaces():
addresses = [i['addr'] for i in ifaddresses(ifaceName).setdefault(AF_INET, [{'addr':'No IP addr'}] )]
print '%s: %s' % (ifaceName, ', '.join(addresses))
本模块的作者声称它应该在Windows、UNIX和Mac OS X上工作。如果您不想使用外部软件包，也不想依赖外部Internet服务器，这可能会有所帮助。这是我在上找到并修改的代码示例，用于返回所需信息：
def getIPAddresses():
from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
from ctypes import POINTER, byref
from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
("ipMask", c_char * 16),
("context", c_ulong)]
class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
pass
LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
("comboIndex", c_ulong),
("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
("addressLength", c_uint),
("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
("index", c_ulong),
("type", c_uint),
("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("haveWins", c_uint),
("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
if rc == 0:
for a in adapterList:
adNode = a.ipAddressList
while True:
ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
if ipAddr:
yield ipAddr
adNode = adNode.next
if not adNode:
break
>>> for addr in getIPAddresses():
>>> print addr
192.168.0.100
10.5.9.207
由于它依赖于Windell，因此只能在Windows上使用。作为名为
myipalias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
import socket
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])
import socket
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])
- 可与Python2.x、Python3.x、现代和旧Linux发行版、OSX/macOS和Windows正确配合使用，以查找当前IPv4地址
- 对于具有多个IP地址、IPv6、没有配置IP地址或没有internet访问的计算机，将不会返回正确的结果
- 据报道，这在最新版本的macOS上不起作用
与上面相同，但仅Python代码：
alias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
import socket
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])
import socket
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])
- 如果没有配置IP地址，这将引发异常
也可在没有internet连接的LAN上工作的版本：
alias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
import socket
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])
import socket
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])
背景： 在这里使用
socket.gethostbyname（socket.gethostname（））/etc/hostssocket.gethostbyname（）/etc/hosts“127”开头的地址。导入套接字
打印（[socket.gethostbyname_ex（socket.gethostname（））[2]中的ip，如果不是ip.startswith（“127”）[:1]）
8.8.8.853导入套接字
在[socket.socket（socket.AF_INET，socket.SOCK_DGRAM）][0][1]中为s打印（[（s.connect（（'8.8.8.8'，53））、s.getsockname（）[0]，s.close（））
myip随着IPv6的日益普及，对于具有多个网络接口的服务器，使用第三方Python模块查找IP地址可能比此处列出的任何方法都更可靠。im使用以下模块：
#!/usr/bin/python
# module for getting the lan ip address of the computer
import os
import socket
if os.name != "nt":
import fcntl
import struct
def get_interface_ip(ifname):
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(
s.fileno(),
0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR
struct.pack('256s', bytes(ifname[:15], 'utf-8'))
# Python 2.7: remove the second argument for the bytes call
)[20:24])
def get_lan_ip():
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
interfaces = ["eth0","eth1","eth2","wlan0","wlan1","wifi0","ath0","ath1","ppp0"]
for ifname in interfaces:
try:
ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
break;
except IOError:
pass
return ip
在这种情况下，您需要手动将列表替换为系统上的接口名称，或使用其他解决方案，如。FYI我可以验证该方法：
import socket
addr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
if addr == "127.0.0.1":
import commands
output = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig")
addr = parseaddress(output)
然后从输出中解析ip地址。应该注意的是，默认情况下ifconfig不在普通用户的路径中，这就是我在命令中给出完整路径的原因。我希望这有帮助。我在我的ubuntu机器上使用它：
import commands
commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig").split("\n")[1].split()[1][5:]
import commands
ips = commands.getoutput("/sbin/ifconfig | grep -i \"inet\" | grep -iv \"inet6\" | " +
"awk {'print $2'} | sed -ne 's/addr\:/ /p'")
print ips
127.0.1.1但是，没有跨平台的方法来获取所有IP地址。在Linux上，您可以使用ioctl。套接字API方法 看 缺点：
- 不要跨平台
- 需要更多回退代码，与internet上特定地址的存在相关
- 如果您支持NAT，这也不起作用
- 可能会创建UDP连接，而不是独立于（通常是ISP的）DNS可用性（有关使用8.8.8.8:Google的想法，请参阅其他答案）
import socket [i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]from pif import get_public_ip get_public_ip()#! /usr/bin/env python import sys , pynotify if sys.version_info[1] != 7: raise RuntimeError('Python 2.7 And Above Only') from subprocess import check_output # Available on Python 2.7+ | N/A IP = check_output(['ip', 'route']) Split_Result = IP.split() # print Split_Result[2] # Remove "#" to enable pynotify.init("image") notify = pynotify.Notification("Ip", "Server Running At:" + Split_Result[2] , "/home/User/wireless.png") notify.show()easy_install py-notifypip install py-notifyfrom pip import main main(['install', 'py-notify'])# imports import errno import socket import logging # localhost prefixes _local_networks = ("127.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") # ignore these prefixes -- localhost, unspecified, and link-local _ignored_networks = _local_networks + ("0.", "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0", "169.254.", "fe80:") def detect_family(addr): if "." in addr: assert ":" not in addr return socket.AF_INET elif ":" in addr: return socket.AF_INET6 else: raise ValueError("invalid ipv4/6 address: %r" % addr) def expand_addr(addr): """convert address into canonical expanded form -- no leading zeroes in groups, and for ipv6: lowercase hex, no collapsed groups. """ family = detect_family(addr) addr = socket.inet_ntop(family, socket.inet_pton(family, addr)) if "::" in addr: count = 8-addr.count(":") addr = addr.replace("::", (":0" * count) + ":") if addr.startswith(":"): addr = "0" + addr return addr def _get_local_addr(family, remote): try: s = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) try: s.connect((remote, 9)) return s.getsockname()[0] finally: s.close() except socket.error: # log.info("trapped error connecting to %r via %r", remote, family, exc_info=True) return None def get_local_addr(remote=None, ipv6=True): """get LAN address of host :param remote: return LAN address that host would use to access that specific remote address. by default, returns address it would use to access the public internet. :param ipv6: by default, attempts to find an ipv6 address first. if set to False, only checks ipv4. :returns: primary LAN address for host, or ``None`` if couldn't be determined. """ if remote: family = detect_family(remote) local = _get_local_addr(family, remote) if not local: return None if family == socket.AF_INET6: # expand zero groups so the startswith() test works. local = expand_addr(local) if local.startswith(_local_networks): # border case where remote addr belongs to host return local else: # NOTE: the two addresses used here are TESTNET addresses, # which should never exist in the real world. if ipv6: local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8::1234") # expand zero groups so the startswith() test works. if local: local = expand_addr(local) else: local = None if not local: local = _get_local_addr(socket.AF_INET, "192.0.2.123") if not local: return None if local.startswith(_ignored_networks): return None return localimport socket def getNetworkIp(): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1) s.connect(('<broadcast>', 0)) return s.getsockname()[0] print (getNetworkIp())import netifaces PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET # We want only IPv4, for now at least # Get list of network interfaces # Note: Can't filter for 'lo' here because Windows lacks it. ifaces = netifaces.interfaces() # Get all addresses (of all kinds) for each interface if_addrs = [netifaces.ifaddresses(iface) for iface in ifaces] # Filter for the desired address type if_inet_addrs = [addr[PROTO] for addr in if_addrs if PROTO in addr] iface_addrs = [s['addr'] for a in if_inet_addrs for s in a if 'addr' in s] # Can filter for '127.0.0.1' here.import netifaces PROTO = netifaces.AF_INET # We want only IPv4, for now at least # Get list of network interfaces ifaces = netifaces.interfaces() # Get addresses for each interface if_addrs = [(netifaces.ifaddresses(iface), iface) for iface in ifaces] # Filter for only IPv4 addresses if_inet_addrs = [(tup[0][PROTO], tup[1]) for tup in if_addrs if PROTO in tup[0]] iface_addrs = [(s['addr'], tup[1]) for tup in if_inet_addrs for s in tup[0] if 'addr' in s]from __future__ import print_function # For 2.x folks from pprint import pprint as pp print('\nifaces = ', end='') pp(ifaces) print('\nif_addrs = ', end='') pp(if_addrs) print('\nif_inet_addrs = ', end='') pp(if_inet_addrs) print('\niface_addrs = ', end='') pp(iface_addrs)import commands RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")import socket socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())import socket s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 1)) # connect() for UDP doesn't send packets local_ip_address = s.getsockname()[0]import socket import fcntl import struct def get_ip_address(ifname): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl( s.fileno(), 0x8915, # SIOCGIFADDR struct.pack('256s', ifname[:15]) )[20:24])>>> get_ip_address('eth0') '38.113.228.130'import socket def get_ip(): s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) try: # doesn't even have to be reachable s.connect(('10.255.255.255', 1)) IP = s.getsockname()[0] except Exception: IP = '127.0.0.1' finally: s.close() return IPasync get_local_ip(): loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() transport, protocol = await loop.create_datagram_endpoint( asyncio.DatagramProtocol, remote_addr=('8.8.8.8', 80)) result = transport.get_extra_info('sockname')[0]) transport.close() return resultimport netifaces as ni ni.ifaddresses('eth0') ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[ni.AF_INET][0]['addr'] print(ip)import subprocess address = subprocess.check_output(['hostname', '-s', '-I']) address = address.decode('utf-8') address=address[:-1]address = subprocess.check_output(['hostname', '-s', '-I']).decode('utf-8')[:-1]from subprocess import check_output check_output(['hostname', '-I'])