R 如何改变背景颜色和添加网格到绘图？

我想改变小提琴情节后面的颜色，我想添加网格，但也在小提琴后面。我试过这个：

library(vioplot)
par(mai=c(0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1), bg="lightblue", lwd=2, col="blue", 
col.axis="blue", las=1, cex.axis=1, cex.lab=1, col="red")
x1 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==4]
x2 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==6]
x3 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==8]

vioplot(x1, x2, x3, names=c("4 cyl", "6 cyl", "8 cyl"),
    col="green", border="blue", lwd = 2, lty=3, rectCol="black", colMed = 
    "orange")
grid(nx = NULL, ny = NULL, col = "black", lty = "dotted")
axis(1, labels = NA, col="blue", col.ticks="blue", lwd=2)
axis(2, labels = NA, col="blue", col.ticks="blue", lwd=2)
title(ylab = expression(bold("MPG")), xlab=expression(bold("CYL")), line = 
2, col.lab="blue")

库（vioplot）
par（mai=c（0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1），bg=“浅蓝色”，lwd=2，col=“蓝色”，
col.axis=“蓝色”，las=1，cex.axis=1，cex.lab=1，col=“红色”）
x1试试这个：

library(vioplot)

par(mai=c(0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1), bg="red", lwd=2, col="blue", 
    col.axis="blue", las=1, cex.axis=1, cex.lab=1, col="#ff4040")

x1 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==4]
x2 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==6]
x3 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==8]

vioplot(x1, x2, x3)
u <- par("usr")
rect(u[1], u[3], u[2], u[4], col = "lightblue", border = "blue")
grid(nx = NULL, ny = NULL, col = "black", lty = "dotted")
vioplot(x1, x2, x3, names=c("4 cyl", "6 cyl", "8 cyl"),add=T,
        col="green", border="blue", lwd = 2, lty=3, rectCol="black", colMed = 
          "orange")

库（vioplot）
par（mai=c（0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1），bg=“红色”，lwd=2，col=“蓝色”，
col.axis=“蓝色”，las=1，cex.axis=1，cex.lab=1，col=“#ff4040”）
x1试试这个：

library(vioplot)

par(mai=c(0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1), bg="red", lwd=2, col="blue", 
    col.axis="blue", las=1, cex.axis=1, cex.lab=1, col="#ff4040")

x1 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==4]
x2 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==6]
x3 <- mtcars$mpg[mtcars$cyl==8]

vioplot(x1, x2, x3)
u <- par("usr")
rect(u[1], u[3], u[2], u[4], col = "lightblue", border = "blue")
grid(nx = NULL, ny = NULL, col = "black", lty = "dotted")
vioplot(x1, x2, x3, names=c("4 cyl", "6 cyl", "8 cyl"),add=T,
        col="green", border="blue", lwd = 2, lty=3, rectCol="black", colMed = 
          "orange")

库（vioplot）
par（mai=c（0.65,0.65,0.1,0.1），bg=“红色”，lwd=2，col=“蓝色”，
col.axis=“蓝色”，las=1，cex.axis=1，cex.lab=1，col=“#ff4040”）
x1使用
dplyr
和
ggplot2
只需

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

# Filter only "cyl" you want, i.e., 4, 6 and 8
data = mtcars %>%
       filter(cyl %in% c(4, 6, 8))

ggplot(data, aes(x=factor(cyl), y=mpg, fill=factor(cyl))) + 
  ylab("MPG") +
  xlab("CYL") + 
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width=0.1) +
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(colour='blue', fill = 'lightblue'),
        plot.background = element_rect(fill = 'red'),
        axis.text.x = element_text(colour='blue'), 
        axis.text.y = element_text(colour='blue'),
        legend.position="none")

结果会是这样

使用
dplyr
和
ggplot2
只需

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

# Filter only "cyl" you want, i.e., 4, 6 and 8
data = mtcars %>%
       filter(cyl %in% c(4, 6, 8))

ggplot(data, aes(x=factor(cyl), y=mpg, fill=factor(cyl))) + 
  ylab("MPG") +
  xlab("CYL") + 
  geom_violin() +
  geom_boxplot(width=0.1) +
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(colour='blue', fill = 'lightblue'),
        plot.background = element_rect(fill = 'red'),
        axis.text.x = element_text(colour='blue'), 
        axis.text.y = element_text(colour='blue'),
        legend.position="none")

结果会是这样