Regex Powershell从文本文件提取数据并转换为csv

所以我有一个文本文件，如下所示

如何使用PowerShell获取mac地址和端口号（最右边的列），并将其输出到带有标题（mac，端口）的csv文件

我已经试过多次在文本文件中循环使用-replace。我留下了我想要的数据，这很好。但它似乎过于复杂，我仍然面临着用标题输出到csv的问题

$file = Get-Content file.txt
$file | ForEach-Object {$_ -replace ' ', '' -replace 'Dynamic', '' 
   -replace 'Management', '' -replace 'Gi1/0/', ', '}

这就是我尝试过的。其输出如下：

010D.0C93.A02C, 5
011B.782D.6719, 22
0003.4790.B479, 1
0054.B671.1EB8, 2

从这里开始，我不知道如何将其转换为带有标题（mac、端口）的csv 就像我说的。必须有一种更有效的方法来过滤掉这些数据

---

非常感谢您的帮助。

在评论中说堆栈溢出不是代码编写服务，我还是要写一些代码

下面的代码假定存储文本的文件名在变量

$textfilename

中，所需CSV文件名在变量

$csvfilename

中

Get-Content -Path $textfilename | 
    ForEach-Object {
        New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ 
            MAC=$_[9..22] -join ""
            Port=$_[44..($_.length-1)] -join ""
        }
    } | 
        Export-CSV -Path $csvfilename -Append -NoTypeInformation

---

注意，我坐在那里数数，算出了子串的“字段位置”；毫无疑问，有更好的方法可以做到这一点。我的代码给出的是端口名，而不仅仅是数字（也就是说，我生成的是“Gi1/0/22”，而不仅仅是“22”）。但关键是，您要创建一个具有成员属性

MAC

和

Port

的

PSObject

，为这些属性分配必要的值，然后将这些对象发送到CSV。

您可以使用regex筛选出所需的部分（MAC和Port），如下所示：

$result = Get-Content -Path 'X:\file.txt' | ForEach-Object {
    if ($_ -match '^.+?(?<mac>[0-9A-F]{4}\.[0-9A-F]{4}\.[0-9A-F]{4}).+?(?<port>\d+)$') {
        [PsCustomObject]@{
            'mac'  = $matches['mac']
            'port' = $matches['port']
        }
    }
}

# output on screen
$result

# output to Csv file
$result | Export-Csv -Path 'X:\macports.csv' -NoTypeInformation

正则表达式详细信息：

^                Assert position at the beginning of a line (at beginning of the string or after a line break character)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<mac>          Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “mac”
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<port>         Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “port”
   \d            Match a single digit 0..9
      +          Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
)
$                Assert position at the end of a line (at the end of the string or before a line break character)

^在行首（字符串开头或换行符后）断言位置
.                匹配不是换行符的任何单个字符
+?            在一次和无限次之间，尽可能少的次数，根据需要扩展（惰性）
（？匹配下面的正则表达式，并将其匹配捕获到名为“mac”的backreference中
[0-9A-F]匹配下表中的单个字符
介于“0”和“9”之间的字符
介于“A”和“F”之间的字符
{4} 正好4次
\.按字面意思匹配字符“.”
[0-9A-F]匹配下表中的单个字符
介于“0”和“9”之间的字符
介于“A”和“F”之间的字符
{4} 正好4次
\.按字面意思匹配字符“.”
[0-9A-F]匹配下表中的单个字符
介于“0”和“9”之间的字符
介于“A”和“F”之间的字符
{4} 正好4次
)
.                匹配不是换行符的任何单个字符
+?            在一次和无限次之间，尽可能少的次数，根据需要扩展（惰性）
（？匹配下面的正则表达式，并将其匹配捕获到名为“port”的backreference中
\d匹配单个数字0..9
+在一次和无限次之间，尽可能多次，根据需要回馈（贪婪）
)
$Assert在行尾的位置（在字符串末尾或换行符之前）

如果您正在寻找通用解决方案（自动定义列），您可能希望尝试此方法，另请参见：。
我刚刚添加了一个新功能，您可以提供列（属性）名称列表，而不是对齐的标题行：

$Table = '
1        010D.0C93.A02C        Dynamic     Gi1/0/5
1        011B.782D.6719        Dynamic     Gi1/0/22
1        0003.4790.B479        Dynamic     Gi1/0/1
1        0054.B671.1EB8        Dynamic     Gi1/0/2'

ConvertFrom-SourceTable -Header Count,Address,Mode,Port $Table |
    Select-Object -Property Address, @{n = 'Port'; e = {$_.Port.Split('/')[-1]}}

Address        Port
-------        ----
010D.0C93.A02C 5
011B.782D.6719 22
0003.4790.B479 1
0054.B671.1EB8 2

---

你尝试过什么，你尝试过的又是如何失败的？理想情况下，您应该提供您尝试过的内容的详细信息，并包括关于失败原因的具体信息，以及错误消息和/或错误输出。不是代码编写服务；最好的问题是那些提供有用信息的问题，这样那些回答问题的人可以引导你设计出自己的正确答案。看一个好问题。

^                Assert position at the beginning of a line (at beginning of the string or after a line break character)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<mac>          Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “mac”
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<port>         Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “port”
   \d            Match a single digit 0..9
      +          Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
)
$                Assert position at the end of a line (at the end of the string or before a line break character)

$Table = '
1        010D.0C93.A02C        Dynamic     Gi1/0/5
1        011B.782D.6719        Dynamic     Gi1/0/22
1        0003.4790.B479        Dynamic     Gi1/0/1
1        0054.B671.1EB8        Dynamic     Gi1/0/2'

ConvertFrom-SourceTable -Header Count,Address,Mode,Port $Table |
    Select-Object -Property Address, @{n = 'Port'; e = {$_.Port.Split('/')[-1]}}

Address        Port
-------        ----
010D.0C93.A02C 5
011B.782D.6719 22
0003.4790.B479 1
0054.B671.1EB8 2