Ruby on rails rspec重构？

我有下面的测试，有两个几乎相同的块。现在我正在寻找方法来干净地重构它

测试：

context "with the d1 configuration" do
  before (:each) do
    # send a message 
    @envelope = Factory(:envelope, :destination => '32495xxxxxx', :message => 'Message sent by d1')
    @distributor = Distributor.find_by_name(Distributor::D1)
    @result = @envelope.send_to(@distributor)
  end
  it "should created a new sms-message" do
    @envelope.sent_messages.size.should == 1
  end

  it "should have created one sms-message linked to the envelope and distributor" do
    sms = @envelope.sent_messages.find_by_distributor_id(@distributor.id)
    sms.should be_instance_of(SentMessage)
    sms.external_message_id.should_not == nil
    sms.sent_message_status_id.should == SentMessageStatus::IN_PROGRESS
  end

  it "should add a logline for the creation of the sms-message" do
    @envelope.log_lines.size.should == 2
    @envelope.log_lines.last.message.should =~ /^Sent message/
  end
end


context "with the correct d2 configuration" do
  before (:each) do
    # send a message 
    @envelope    = Factory(:envelope, :destination => '32495xxxxxx', :message => 'Message sent by d2')
    @distributor = Distributor.find_by_name(Distributor::D2)
    @result = @envelope.send_to(@distributor)
  end
  it "should created a new sms-message" do
    @envelope.sent_messages.size.should == 1
  end

  it "should have created one sms-message linked to the envelope and distributor" do
    sms = @envelope.sent_messages.find_by_distributor_id(@distributor.id)
    sms.should be_instance_of(SentMessage)
    sms.external_message_id.should_not == nil
    sms.sent_message_status_id.should == SentMessageStatus::IN_PROGRESS
  end

  it "should add a logline for the creation of the sms-message" do
    @envelope.log_lines.size.should == 2
    @envelope.log_lines.last.message.should =~ /^Sent message/
  end
end

正如您所知，有两个相同的代码块，每个代码块用于不同的分发服务器D1和D2（在我们的项目中，它们的名称更有意义：）——现在我需要添加第三个分发服务器。我该怎么办

我可以循环一个包含变化部分的数组（在本例中为：分发服务器名称和消息内容）。但是我也可以更改测试名称吗

---

这里最好的方法是什么？是否可以制作某种测试模板，在其中可以填写某些值并执行这些值

是的，您可以循环遍历一个充满示例的数组/散列，是的，您可以基于此重命名上下文，但您必须注意范围问题-例如，上下文是类级范围，而测试是实例。 因此，您必须在上下文的“设置”部分的实例变量中设置这些内容。 我主要是用unit:test+shoulda（而不是rspec）来做这件事的，所以我可能有点弄乱了范围规则，但它们应该是相似的

注意：我还没有测试下面的代码，所以它可能会遇到这样的问题

# name this better than I have    
CONFIGS = {'d1' => {:name => Distributor::D1
                    :destination => '32495xxxxxx',
                    :message => 'd1 message'}, 
           'd2' => {:name => Distributor::D2
                    :destination => '98765xxxxxx',
                    :message => 'd2 message'}
           } # etc

CONFIGS.each do |display_name, dist_hash|
  context "with the #{display_name} configuration" do
    before (:each) do
      # scope the value-hash here to make it available to test-cases 
      # (you don't have to if you're just using it in the setup section)
      @dist_hash = dist_hash
      # send a message 
      @envelope = Factory(:envelope, :destination => @dist_hash[:destination], :message => @dist_hash[:message])
      @distributor = Distributor.find_by_name(@dist_hash[:name])
      @result = @envelope.send_to(@distributor)
    end
    it "should created a new sms-message" do
      @envelope.sent_messages.size.should == 1
    end

    it "should have created one sms-message linked to the envelope and distributor" do
      sms = @envelope.sent_messages.find_by_distributor_id(@distributor.id)
      sms.should be_instance_of(SentMessage)
      sms.external_message_id.should_not == nil
      sms.sent_message_status_id.should == SentMessageStatus::IN_PROGRESS
    end

    it "should add a logline for the creation of the sms-message" do
      @envelope.log_lines.size.should == 2
      @envelope.log_lines.last.message.should =~ /^Sent message/
    end
  end
end

---

我和一位更有经验的同事进行了结对编程，我们一起想出了以下解决方案

我们首先定义了一些共享行为：

subject {@envelope}
let(:the_sent_message){ @envelope.sent_messages.find_by_distributor_id(@distributor.id)}

shared_examples_for "a typical sent envelope" do
  it{should have(1).sent_messages }
  it{should have(2).log_lines     }
end

shared_examples_for "a successful delivery" do
  it("should have 1 IN_PROGRESS sms-message") { the_sent_message.should be_in_progress }

  it "should have 1 sms-message with external ref" do
    the_sent_message.external_message_id.should_not == nil
  end

  it "should log the delivery success" do
    @envelope.log_lines.last.message.should =~ /^Sent message/
  end
end

shared_examples_for "a failing delivery" do
  it("should have 1 FAILED sms-message") { the_sent_message.should be_failed }

  it "should have 1 sms-message and no external ref" do
    the_sent_message.external_message_id.should == nil
  end

  it "should log the delivery failure" do
    @envelope.log_lines.last.message.should =~ /^Failed to send/
  end
end

然后测试变得更具可读性

context "delivered by d1" do
  before do
    @distributor = Distributor.find_by_name(Distributor::D1)

    send_a_test_envelope_to(@distributor)
  end

  it_should_behave_like "a typical sent envelope"
  it_should_behave_like "a successful delivery"
end

context "delivered by d2" do
  before do
    @distributor = Distributor.find_by_name(Distributor::D2)

    send_a_test_envelope_to(@distributor)
  end

  it_should_behave_like "a typical sent envelope"
  it_should_behave_like "a successful delivery"
end

我们还提取了以下方法

def send_a_test_envelope_to(distributor)
  @envelope = Factory(:envelope, :destination => '32495xxxxxx', :message => "Message sent by #{@distributor.name}")
  @envelope.send_to(distributor)
end

---

现在，我仍然可以应用塔林提出的建议答案，但我不完全确定是否真的需要它

是的，这一个更好，更像rspec：）更好地定义一组事情应该遵循的常见行为！