如何使用sql或t-sql将某些列转换为行

这是桌子

Income|Expenses|Other|Department|Date

 2k   |      4k|  .5k|Marketing |2014-05-28
 52k  |      7k|  .1k|Sales     |2014-04-01

结果

Description|Value|Department|Date

 Income    |   2k|Marketing |2014-05-28
 Expenses  |   4k|Marketing |2014-05-28
 Other     |  .5k|Marketing |2014-05-28
 Income    |  52k|Sales     |2014-04-01
 Expenses  |   7k|Sales     |2014-04-01
 Other     |  .1k|Sales     |2014-04-01

实际上，我可以使用SELECT+UNION来获得结果，但需要使用Pivot

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如何使用PIVOT函数获得此结果？

您可以通过交叉应用取消PIVOT值

Select B.*
      ,A.Department
      ,A.Date
 From  YourTable A
 Cross Apply ( values ('Income'  ,Income  )
                     ,('Expences',Expenses)
                     ,('Other'   ,Other   )
             ) B(Description,Value)

您可以使用应用程序：

您可以使用UNPIVOT

结果:

Description       Value                Department           Date
----------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------
Income            2k                   Marketing            2014-05-28
Expenses          4k                   Marketing            2014-05-28
Other             .5k                  Marketing            2014-05-28
Income            52k                  Sales                2014-04-01
Expenses          7k                   Sales                2014-04-01
Other             .1k                  Sales                2014-04-01

只是为了好玩，这里有一个小技巧，可以在不使用动态SQL或声明所有列的情况下动态地取消绑定数据

范例

返回

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谢谢，这个很快。。。但是，如果收入、支出或其他的某些[价值]为零呢？它不接受具有空值的行。你怎么解决这个问题？不客气！UNPIVOT不考虑空值。在与unpivot一起使用之前，您需要将空值转换为空格或其他形式。回答很好，但在500k行的表上需要4秒。稍后我将尝试对此进行优化

DECLARE @SampleData TABLE (Income VARCHAR(20), Expenses VARCHAR(20), Other VARCHAR(20), Department VARCHAR(20), Date [Date])
INSERT INTO @SampleData VALUES
('2k ', '4k','.5k','Marketing','2014-05-28'),
('52k', '7k','.1k','Sales    ','2014-04-01')

SELECT Description, Value, Department, Date 
FROM @SampleData T
UNPIVOT ([Value] FOR [Description] IN ([Income], [Expenses], [Other])) AS UNPVT

Description       Value                Department           Date
----------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------
Income            2k                   Marketing            2014-05-28
Expenses          4k                   Marketing            2014-05-28
Other             .5k                  Marketing            2014-05-28
Income            52k                  Sales                2014-04-01
Expenses          7k                   Sales                2014-04-01
Other             .1k                  Sales                2014-04-01

Select Description = B.[Key]
      ,B.Value
      ,A.Department
      ,A.Date
 From  YourTable A
 Cross Apply ( Select [Key]
                      ,Value
               From OpenJson( ( Select A.* for JSON Path,Without_Array_Wrapper)   )  
               Where [Key] not in ('Department','Date')
             ) B

Description Value   Department  Date
Income      2k      Marketing   2014-05-28
Expenses    4k      Marketing   2014-05-28
Other       .5k     Marketing   2014-05-28
Income      52k     Sales       2014-04-01
Expenses    7k      Sales       2014-04-01
Other       .1k     Sales       2014-04-01