设置Windows PowerShell环境变量
我发现设置PATH环境变量只会影响旧的命令提示符。PowerShell似乎有不同的环境设置。如何更改PowerShell(v1)的环境变量 注:设置Windows PowerShell环境变量,windows,powershell,Windows,Powershell,我发现设置PATH环境变量只会影响旧的命令提示符。PowerShell似乎有不同的环境设置。如何更改PowerShell(v1)的环境变量 注: 我希望将更改永久化,因此不必每次运行PowerShell时都进行设置。PowerShell是否有配置文件?类似于Unix上的Bash profile?更改实际环境变量可以通过 使用env:namespace/drive信息。比如说这个, 代码将更新path环境变量: $env:Path=“SomeRandomPath”;(替换现有路径) $env:Pa
我希望将更改永久化,因此不必每次运行PowerShell时都进行设置。PowerShell是否有配置文件?类似于Unix上的Bash profile?更改实际环境变量可以通过 使用
env:namespace/drive
信息。比如说这个,
代码将更新path环境变量:
$env:Path=“SomeRandomPath”;(替换现有路径)
$env:Path+=“SomeRandomPath”(附加到现有路径)
有一些方法可以使环境设置永久化,但是
如果您仅从PowerShell使用它们,则可能
使用您的个人资料来启动
设置。启动时,PowerShell将运行任何.ps1
它在下的WindowsPowerShell
目录中找到的文件
我的文档文件夹。通常您有一个profile.ps1
文件已经在那里了。我计算机上的路径是
C:\Users\JaredPar\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\profile.ps1
如果在PowerShell会话期间,您需要 暂时附加到PATH环境变量,可以 这样做:
$env:Path+=“C:\Program Files\GnuWin32\bin”
您还可以通过以下操作永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即,在shell重新启动时将保持不变):
修改系统环境变量
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
修改用户环境变量
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
"Path",
[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
[EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
注释中的用法-添加到系统环境变量
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
"Path",
[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
[EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
如果您不想写入类型,也可以使用基于字符串的解决方案
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")
从PowerShell提示符:
setx PATH "$env:path;\the\directory\to\add" -m
然后,您将看到以下文本:
SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.
重新启动会话,变量将可用setx
也可用于设置任意变量。在提示输入文档时键入setx/?
在以这种方式破坏路径之前,请确保通过在PowerShell提示符中执行a.out,保存现有路径的副本。尽管当前接受的答案可以从PowerShell上下文中永久更新路径变量,它实际上并不更新存储在Windows注册表中的环境变量 要实现这一点,您显然也可以使用PowerShell:
$oldPath=(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path
$newPath=$oldPath+’;C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList\’
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH –Value $newPath
更多信息在博客帖子中
如果使用PowerShell社区扩展,则向环境变量path添加路径的正确命令为:
Add-PathVariable "C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList" -Target Machine
大多数答案都没有提到。这包括UAC问题 首先安装PowerShell社区扩展:
choco安装pscx
via(您可能需要重新启动shell环境)
然后启用pscx
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser #allows scripts to run from the interwebs, such as pcsx
然后使用调用提升的
Invoke-Elevated {Add-PathVariable $args[0] -Target Machine} -ArgumentList $MY_NEW_DIR
这将设置当前会话的路径,并提示用户永久添加该路径:
function Set-Path {
param([string]$x)
$Env:Path+= ";" + $x
Write-Output $Env:Path
$write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
if ($write -eq "yes")
{
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
Write-Output 'PATH updated'
}
}
您可以将此函数添加到默认配置文件中(Microsoft.PowerShell\u profile.ps1
),通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell
类似于,我想要一个关于添加到路径的抽象。与JeanT的答案不同,我需要它在没有用户交互的情况下运行。我一直在寻找的其他行为:
- 更新
$env:Path
,使更改在当前会话中生效
- 为将来的会话保留环境变量更改
- 当同一路径已存在时,不添加重复路径
如果有用,请参见以下内容:
function Add-EnvPath {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string] $Path,
[ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
[string] $Container = 'Session'
)
if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
$containerMapping = @{
Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
}
$containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]
$persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
$persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
}
}
$envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
$envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
$env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
}
}
查看相应的Remove EnvPath
函数。如前所述,运行提升的命令/脚本以能够更改'machine'的环境变量非常重要,但运行一些提升的命令不必通过社区扩展来完成,因此,我想在某种程度上进行修改和扩展,即使脚本本身没有运行,也可以执行更改机器变量:
函数集路径([string]$newPath,[bool]$permanent=$false,[bool]$forMachine=$false)
{
$Env:Path+=“;$newPath”
$scope=if($forMachine){'Machine'}else{'User'}
若有(永久性)
{
$command=“[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PATH',$env:PATH,$scope)”
启动进程-FilePath powershell.exe-ArgumentList“-noprofile-command$command”-动词runas
}
}
所有建议永久更改的答案都有相同的问题:它们会破坏路径注册表值
SetEnvironmentVariable
将REG\u EXPAND\u SZ
值%SystemRoot%\system32
转换为C:\Windows\system32
的REG\u SZ
值
路径中的任何其他变量也将丢失。使用%myNewPath%
添加新的将不再有效
下面是一个脚本Set PathVariable.ps1
,我用它来解决这个问题:
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]
param(
[parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$NewLocation)
Begin
{
#requires –runasadministrator
$regPath = "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"
$hklm = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine
Function GetOldPath()
{
$regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $FALSE)
$envpath = $regKey.GetValue("Path", "", [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
return $envPath
}
}
Process
{
# Win32API error codes
$ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
$ERROR_DUP_NAME = 34
$ERROR_INVALID_DATA = 13
$NewLocation = $NewLocation.Trim();
If ($NewLocation -eq "" -or $NewLocation -eq $null)
{
Exit $ERROR_INVALID_DATA
}
[string]$oldPath = GetOldPath
Write-Verbose "Old Path: $oldPath"
# Check whether the new location is already in the path
$parts = $oldPath.split(";")
If ($parts -contains $NewLocation)
{
Write-Warning "The new location is already in the path"
Exit $ERROR_DUP_NAME
}
# Build the new path, make sure we don't have double semicolons
$newPath = $oldPath + ";" + $NewLocation
$newPath = $newPath -replace ";;",""
if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("%Path%", "Add $NewLocation")){
# Add to the current session
$env:path += ";$NewLocation"
# Save into registry
$regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $True)
$regKey.SetValue("Path", $newPath, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString)
Write-Output "The operation completed successfully."
}
Exit $ERROR_SUCCESS
}
我在中更详细地解释了这个问题。我的建议是:
我已经测试过,将C:\oracle\x64\bin
永久添加到环境变量Path
,效果很好
$ENV:PATH
第一种方法就是:
$ENV:PATH=”$ENV:PATH;c:\path\to\folder”
但这种变化不是永久性的<代码>$env:path
一旦关闭PowerShell终端并再次打开它,它将默认恢复到以前的状态。这是因为您在会话级别而不是源级别(即注册表级别)应用了更改。要查看$env:path的全局值,请执行以下操作:
Get-ItemProperty -Path ‘Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment’ -Name PATH
或者更具体地说:
(Get-ItemProperty -Path ‘Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment’ -Name PATH).path
现在要改变这一点,我们首先捕获需要修改的原始路径:
$oldpath = (Get-ItemProperty -Path ‘Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment’ -Name PATH).path
现在我们定义新路径应该是什么样子。在本例中,我们将附加一个新文件夹:
$newpath = “$oldpath;c:\path\to\folder”
注意:确保$newpath
的外观符合您的要求。如果不是,那你就可以毁了
($env:path).split(“;”)
function Add-EnvPath {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string] $Path,
[ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
[string] $Container = 'Session',
[Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
[Switch] $Prepend
)
if (Test-Path -path "$Path") {
if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
$containerMapping = @{
Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
}
$containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]
$persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
if ($Prepend) {
$persistedPaths = ,$Path + $persistedPaths | where { $_ }
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
}
else {
$persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
}
}
}
$envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
if ($Prepend) {
$envPaths = ,$Path + $envPaths | where { $_ }
$env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
}
else {
$envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
$env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
}
}
}
}
param(
[Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$true)][String]$PathChange,
[ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
[Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$false)][String]$PathContainer='Session',
[Parameter(Position=2,Mandatory=$false)][Boolean]$PathPrepend=$false
)
[String]$ConstructedEnvPath = switch ($PathContainer) { "Session"{${env:Path};} default{[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType);} };
$PathPersisted = $ConstructedEnvPath -split ';';
if ($PathPersisted -notcontains $PathChange) {
$PathPersisted = $(switch ($PathPrepend) { $true{,$PathChange + $PathPersisted;} default{$PathPersisted + $PathChange;} }) | Where-Object { $_ };
$ConstructedEnvPath = $PathPersisted -join ";";
}
if ($PathContainer -ne 'Session')
{
# Save permanently to Machine, User
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $ConstructedEnvPath, $PathContainer);
}
# Update the current session
${env:Path} = $ConstructedEnvPath;
param(
[Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$true)][String]$PathChange,
[ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
[Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$false)][String]$PathContainer='Session'
)
[String]$ConstructedEnvPath = switch ($PathContainer) { "Session"{${env:Path};} default{[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType);} };
$PathPersisted = $ConstructedEnvPath -split ';';
if ($PathPersisted -contains $PathChange) {
$PathPersisted = $PathPersisted | Where-Object { $_ -ne $PathChange };
$ConstructedEnvPath = $PathPersisted -join ";";
}
if ($PathContainer -ne 'Session')
{
# Save permanently to Machine, User
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $ConstructedEnvPath, $PathContainer);
}
# Update the current session
${env:Path} = $ConstructedEnvPath;
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", "$ENV:PATH;<path to exe>", "USER")
Set-Location Env:
Env:\> Get-ChildItem
Env:\> $Env:<variable name>, e.g. $Env:Path
Env:\> $Env:<variable name> = "<new-value>", e.g. $Env:Path="C:\Users\"
Env:\> remove-item Env:<variable name>, e.g. remove-item Env:SECRET_KEY
function AddTo-Path {
param (
[string]$PathToAdd,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
)
# AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System'
if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
if ($UserType -eq "User" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
$PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
"`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
$PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
"$UserType $PathType Now:" # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100 # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
$PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" } # Add to Path also for this current session
if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" } # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
"`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
}
else {
"'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
}
}
# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"
# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("NewEnvVar", "NewEnvValue", "Machine")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("oldEnvVar", "NewEnvValue", "Machine")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("oldEnvVar", "", "Machine")
$ENV:PATH = "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin:$ENV:PATH"