Windows 如何批量重命名文件，包括编号和修改日期？

编辑：我应该选择拍摄日期，因为对于我们正在处理的照片，修改日期有时会缩短一个小时

我正在尝试编写将文件重命名为以下格式的内容：

24024 25-12-2014 20.18.JPG
24025 26-12-2014 18.01.JPG
24026 26-12-2014 18.01.JPG
24027 30-12-2014 17.05.JPG
24028 31-12-2014 15.09.JPG
24029 31-12-2014 15.19.JPG

我需要这个来按照我父亲设计的方式组织我母亲的照片。我首先专门寻找使用cmd批处理文件的方法，但它似乎太复杂了。我现在正在尝试使用PowerShell

我已经尝试过这个方法，效果很好：

Get ChildItem*.JPG | Rename Item-newname{$\ LastWriteTime.toString（“dd-MM-yyy-HH.MM”）+“.JPG”}

但我还没有成功地将变量计数包括在内。这不会编译：

$a=10；获取ChildItem*.JPG |{Rename Item-newname{$\ LastWriteTime.toString（“dd-MM-yyy-HH.MM”）+“.JPG”}；$a++}

我在另一个问题中发现了这一点

---

Foreach（$getchilditem*.JPG中的Item）{Rename Item-newname{$$\LastWriteTime.toString（“dd-MM-yyyy-HH.MM”）+“.JPG”}

您可以执行以下操作：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

编辑1

---

要按时间顺序命名它们，只需在脚本中添加一个

排序对象

，如下所示：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

编辑2

---

根据您最后的评论，要从图像中的Exif数据中获取日期，如果可能，您需要一个函数从文件中获取

DateTimeOriginal

您可以使用以下代码执行此操作：

function Get-ExifDate {
    # returns the 'DateTimeOriginal' property from the Exif metadata in an image file if possible
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'ByName')]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = 'ByName')]
        [Alias('FullName', 'FileName')]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf})]
        [string]$Path,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = 'ByObject')]
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$FileObject
    )

    Begin {
        Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.Drawing'
    }
    Process {
        # the function received a path, not a file object
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ByName') {
            $FileObject = Get-Item -Path $Path -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        # Parameters for FileStream: Open/Read/SequentialScan
        $streamArgs = @(
            $FileObject.FullName
            [System.IO.FileMode]::Open
            [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read
            [System.IO.FileShare]::Read
            1024,     # Buffer size
            [System.IO.FileOptions]::SequentialScan
        )
        try {
            $stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream -ArgumentList $streamArgs
            $metaData = [System.Drawing.Imaging.Metafile]::FromStream($stream)

            # get the 'DateTimeOriginal' property (ID = 36867) from the metadata
            # Tag Dec  TagId Hex  TagName           Writable  Group    Notes
            # -------  ---------  -------           --------  -----    -----
            # 36867    0x9003     DateTimeOriginal  string    ExifIFD  (date/time when original image was taken)
            # see: https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/EXIF.html

            # get the date taken as an array of bytes
            $exifDateBytes = $metaData.GetPropertyItem(36867).Value
            # transform to string, but beware that this string is Null terminated, so cut off the trailing 0 character
            $exifDateString = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($exifDateBytes).TrimEnd("`0")
            # return the parsed date
            return [datetime]::ParseExact($exifDateString, "yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss", $null) 
        }
        catch{
            Write-Warning -Message "Could not read Exif data from '$($FileObject.FullName)'"
        }
        finally {
            If ($metaData) {$metaData.Dispose()}
            If ($stream)   {$stream.Close()}
        }
    }
}

使用该函数，您的代码将如下所示：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

这使用字符串格式

-f

。给它一个模板字符串，在花括号之间有编号的占位符

第一个

{0:00000}

是一种格式化数字的方法，在本例中，前面的零字符长度最多为5个字符

第二个

{1}

被格式化的日期字符串替换

---

使用

++

语法，每次迭代时，

$Count

变量都会增加。

您可以这样做：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

编辑1

---

要按时间顺序命名它们，只需在脚本中添加一个

排序对象

，如下所示：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

编辑2

---

根据您最后的评论，要从图像中的Exif数据中获取日期，如果可能，您需要一个函数从文件中获取

DateTimeOriginal

您可以使用以下代码执行此操作：

function Get-ExifDate {
    # returns the 'DateTimeOriginal' property from the Exif metadata in an image file if possible
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'ByName')]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = 'ByName')]
        [Alias('FullName', 'FileName')]
        [ValidateScript({ Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf})]
        [string]$Path,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = 'ByObject')]
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$FileObject
    )

    Begin {
        Add-Type -AssemblyName 'System.Drawing'
    }
    Process {
        # the function received a path, not a file object
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ByName') {
            $FileObject = Get-Item -Path $Path -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        # Parameters for FileStream: Open/Read/SequentialScan
        $streamArgs = @(
            $FileObject.FullName
            [System.IO.FileMode]::Open
            [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read
            [System.IO.FileShare]::Read
            1024,     # Buffer size
            [System.IO.FileOptions]::SequentialScan
        )
        try {
            $stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream -ArgumentList $streamArgs
            $metaData = [System.Drawing.Imaging.Metafile]::FromStream($stream)

            # get the 'DateTimeOriginal' property (ID = 36867) from the metadata
            # Tag Dec  TagId Hex  TagName           Writable  Group    Notes
            # -------  ---------  -------           --------  -----    -----
            # 36867    0x9003     DateTimeOriginal  string    ExifIFD  (date/time when original image was taken)
            # see: https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/EXIF.html

            # get the date taken as an array of bytes
            $exifDateBytes = $metaData.GetPropertyItem(36867).Value
            # transform to string, but beware that this string is Null terminated, so cut off the trailing 0 character
            $exifDateString = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($exifDateBytes).TrimEnd("`0")
            # return the parsed date
            return [datetime]::ParseExact($exifDateString, "yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss", $null) 
        }
        catch{
            Write-Warning -Message "Could not read Exif data from '$($FileObject.FullName)'"
        }
        finally {
            If ($metaData) {$metaData.Dispose()}
            If ($stream)   {$stream.Close()}
        }
    }
}

使用该函数，您的代码将如下所示：

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName ('{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm")))
}

$Path = 'D:\'  # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = 10    # the starting number. gets increased for each file

# start a loop to gather the files and reset their LastWriteTime property to the one read from the Exif data.
# pipe the result to the Sort-Object cmdlet and enter another ForEach-Object loop to perform the rename.
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | ForEach-Object {
    $date = $_ | Get-ExifDate
    if ($date) { 
        $_.LastWriteTime = $date
    }
    $_
} | Sort-Object LastWriteTime | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = '{0:00000} {1}.JPG' -f $Count++, ($_.LastWriteTime.toString("dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm"))
    # output some info to the console
    Write-Host "Renaming file '$($_.Name)' to '$newName'"
    $_ | Rename-Item -NewName $newName
}

---

这使用字符串格式

-f

。给它一个模板字符串，在花括号之间有编号的占位符

第一个

{0:00000}

是一种格式化数字的方法，在本例中，前面的零字符长度最多为5个字符

第二个

{1}

被格式化的日期字符串替换

---

使用

++

语法，

$Count

变量在每次迭代中都会增加。

这是西奥的好答案（+1）的替代方法，无需使用ForEach对象
as

重命名项

直接接受管道输入

这需要

-NewName

参数的脚本块，而

$count

需要是

[ref]

（请参见mklement0中的内容）

允许在占位符中直接应用格式字符串

$Path = 'D:\'      # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = [ref] 10  # the starting number. gets increased for each file

Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime |
    Rename-Item -NewName {"{0:D5} {1:dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm}{2}" -f  `
                          $Count.Value++,$_.LastWriteTime,$_.Extension} -whatif

---

如果输出看起来正常，则删除尾随的

-WhatIf

参数以替代西奥的正确答案（+1），而不使用ForEach对象
as

重命名项

直接接受管道输入

这需要

-NewName

参数的脚本块，而

$count

需要是

[ref]

（请参见mklement0中的内容）

允许在占位符中直接应用格式字符串

$Path = 'D:\'      # the folder where the jpg files are
$Count = [ref] 10  # the starting number. gets increased for each file

Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter '*.JPG' -File | Sort-Object LastWriteTime |
    Rename-Item -NewName {"{0:D5} {1:dd-MM-yyyy HH.mm}{2}" -f  `
                          $Count.Value++,$_.LastWriteTime,$_.Extension} -whatif

---

如果输出看起来正常，请删除尾部的

-WhatIf

参数

如果多个文件具有相同的LastWriteTime，您的计划是什么？您是否有“计数”以便添加到新文件名中？如果没有，那么“计数”是用来做什么的？@lit:您可以在格式示例中看到。：）如果多个文件具有相同的LastWriteTime，您的计划是什么？您是否有“计数”以便添加到新文件名中？如果没有，那么“计数”是用来做什么的？@lit:您可以在格式示例中看到。：）简单有效，但你应该真正解释你做得更好的地方。不是每个人都熟悉字符串格式或

++

方法。谢谢！但有一个问题：它们的顺序不尽相同。这里有一个例子：你知道我如何确保它能从最老的到最新的命名吗？@TheMadTechnician你说得对。我现在已经添加了一些解释。@607我已经添加了一个

排序对象

，因此文件将从最旧编号到最新编号。您好，您的脚本非常有用，但我刚刚意识到，在某些照片集上，修改日期与拍摄照片时的日期相差一小时。我发现了日期元数据，我应该使用它。我已经研究了获取此属性的方法，但恐怕我对Powershell命令还没有足够的经验来了解如何在脚本中实现它。你能帮我吗？简单有效，但你应该真正解释一下你做得更好的地方。不是每个人都熟悉字符串格式或

++

方法。谢谢！但有一个问题：它们的顺序不尽相同。这里有一个例子：你知道我如何确保它能从最老的到最新的命名吗？@TheMadTechnician你说得对。我现在已经添加了一些解释。@607我已经添加了一个

排序对象

，因此文件将从最旧编号到最新编号。您好，您的脚本非常有用，但我刚刚意识到，在某些图片集上，修改日期从图片开始的时间起会推迟一个小时