Awk 在文件的每一行中替换不匹配的模式字符串

从以下文件：

 1  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919222030  sqlid='ftf4q8xj38z7k' 
 2  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919224736
 3  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 655 tim=4217919225409
 4  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'  
 5  WAIT #1404991: nam='redo log sync' ela= 1 tim=4217919225677
 6  WAIT #1404991: nam='redo log sync' ela= 736 tim=4217919226432
 7  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919226577  sqlid='bzdm0nbr7c036'
 8  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919226665
 9  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 2027 tim=4217919228710
10  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919228849
11  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=1 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b' 
12  WAIT #1404991: nam='PGA memory operation' ela= 603 tim=4217919229470
13  WAIT #1404991: nam='PGA memory operation' ela= 1 tim=4217919229647
14  WAIT #1404991: nam='PGA memory operation' ela= 521 tim=4217919230185 

我想显示所有内容，但对于

nam='

和

'ela=

之间不匹配的

SQL*Net message

行内的字符串，我希望这些字符串被替换为

其他DB操作

（并在这些字符串前后保留

nam='

和

'ela=

）：

---

是否有一个sed或awk命令可以让我轻松地执行此操作？

使用以下Perl one命令行：

perl -pe 'next if /nam=.SQL[*]Net message. ela=/; s/(nam=)\S.*\s+(ela=)/${1}'\''Other DB operation'\'' ${2}/' in_file > out_file

Perl one liner使用以下命令行标志：

-e

：告诉Perl在线查找代码，而不是在文件中。

-p

：一次循环输入一行，默认情况下将其分配给

$\uu

。在每次循环迭代后添加

print$\uz

（nam=）

和

（ela=）

周围的括号将这些模式捕获到变量

$1

和

$2

是任意字符。

*

是任何重复0次或以上的字符。

\S

是非空白字符。

\s

是一个空白字符

另请参见：

---

请尝试使用GNU awk测试的awk解决方案：

awk '/redo/{sub(/redo log sync/, "Other DB operation")}1' Input_file

解释

awk '                                      # Start program
/redo/{                                    # On lines matching the regex `redo`
sub(/redo log sync/, "Other DB operation") # replace `redo log sync` with `Other DB Operation`
}1                                         # print
' Input_file                               # Input file goes here

给予

---

使用sed。对于所有不包含“Net message”（！）且随后不包含“PARSE”的行，将该行拆分为3个部分，并将该行替换为第一部分，然后替换为“Other DB Operation”和第三部分。

使用GNU awk匹配第三个参数：

$ awk '
    match($0,/(.*nam=\047)([^\047]*)(\047 ela.*)/,a) && (a[2] != "SQL*Net message") {
        $0 = a[1] "Other DB operation" a[3]
    }
1' file
 1  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919222030  sqlid='ftf4q8xj38z7k'
 2  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919224736
 3  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 655 tim=4217919225409
 4  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'
 5  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 1 tim=4217919225677
 6  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 736 tim=4217919226432
 7  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919226577  sqlid='bzdm0nbr7c036'
 8  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919226665
 9  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 2027 tim=4217919228710
10  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919228849
11  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=1 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'
12  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 603 tim=4217919229470
13  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 1 tim=4217919229647
14  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 521 tim=4217919230185

---

请注意，上面的操作是字符串操作，因此将要查找的字符串中的字符以及替换为的字符视为文本，这样您就不需要转义regexp元字符（例如

或

*

）或其中的反向引用（例如

&

或

\

）。请注意

awk '$0!~/SQL\*Net/{gsub(/nam=.*ela/, "nam='\''Other DB operation'\''",$0)} 1' input_file.txt

 1  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919222030  sqlid='ftf4q8xj38z7k' 
 2  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919224736
 3  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 655 tim=4217919225409
 4  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'  
 5  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation'= 1 tim=4217919225677
 6  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation'= 736 tim=4217919226432
 7  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919226577  sqlid='bzdm0nbr7c036'
 8  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919226665
 9  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 2027 tim=4217919228710
10  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919228849
11  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=1 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b' 
12  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation'= 603 tim=4217919229470
13  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation'= 1 tim=4217919229647
14  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation'= 521 tim=4217919230185 

 sed -ri '/Net message/!{/PARSING/!s/(^.*'"'"')(.*)('"'"'.*)/\1Other DB operation\3/}' file

$ awk '
    match($0,/(.*nam=\047)([^\047]*)(\047 ela.*)/,a) && (a[2] != "SQL*Net message") {
        $0 = a[1] "Other DB operation" a[3]
    }
1' file
 1  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919222030  sqlid='ftf4q8xj38z7k'
 2  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919224736
 3  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 655 tim=4217919225409
 4  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'
 5  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 1 tim=4217919225677
 6  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 736 tim=4217919226432
 7  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=0 tim=4217919226577  sqlid='bzdm0nbr7c036'
 8  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919226665
 9  WAIT #1404990: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 2027 tim=4217919228710
10  WAIT #1404991: nam='SQL*Net message' ela= 1 tim=4217919228849
11  PARSING IN CURSOR #140499 dep=1 tim=4217919225606  sqlid='9fufagwmu041b'
12  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 603 tim=4217919229470
13  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 1 tim=4217919229647
14  WAIT #1404991: nam='Other DB operation' ela= 521 tim=4217919230185