C++：无效值不能被忽略，因为它应该被忽略

错误在于：

estimate1 = leibnizPi (nTerms, estimatedV1);

&

我认为这与函数中引用estimatedValue的设置方式有关，或者调用它的方式不正确

非常感谢您的帮助

注：必须保持无效。很抱歉

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

//
// This program will be used in the second assignment (functions)
//

using namespace std;

const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;


void leibnizPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue1 )
{

    double sign = 1.0;
    double sum = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double denominator = 2.0 * i + 1.0;
        double term = 4.0 / denominator;
        sum = sum + sign * term;
        sign = -sign;
    }
    estimatedValue1 = sum;
}

void wallisPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue2)
{
    double product = 1.0;

    for (int i = 1; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double r = 2.0*i;
        r = r*r;
        double term = r/(r-1.0);
        product = product * term;
    }
    estimatedValue2 = 2.0 * product;

}


double abstractError (double computedValue);

double relativeError (double computedValue);

int main (int argc, char** argv) {
     double estimate1 = 0;
     double absErr1 = 0;
     double relErr1 = 0;
     double estimate2 = 0;
     double absErr2 = 0;
     double relErr2 = 0;
     double estimatedV1 = 0;
     double estimatedValue2 = 0;

    for (int nTerms = 1; nTerms < 100001; nTerms = nTerms * 4) {
        // Estimate Pi by two different methods

        // Leibniz' sum
        estimate1 =  leibnizPi (nTerms, estimatedV1);
        absErr1 =   abstractError (estimate1);
        relErr1 =   relativeError (estimate1);

        // Wallis' product
        estimate2 =  wallisPi (nTerms, estimatedValue2);
        absErr2 =  abstractError (estimate2);
        relErr2 =  relativeError (estimate2);

        cout << "After " << nTerms << " terms\n";
        cout << "Leibniz' estimate: "<< estimate1 << "\n";
        cout << "Absolute error: " << absErr1
             << "\tRelative error: " << relErr1
             << "\n";

        cout << "Wallis' estimate: "<< estimate2 << "\n";
        cout << "Absolute error: " << absErr2
             << "\tRelative error: " << relErr2
             << "\n";

        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;

}

double abstractFunction (double computedValue)
{
    double abstractError = abs(computedValue - PI);
    return abstractError;
}

double relativeFunction (double computedValue){
    double relativeError1 = abs(computedValue - PI) / PI;
    return relativeError1;
}

---

不，问题是你没有定义你的函数来返回任何东西，然后你试图获取它们返回的未定义的东西并将其分配给变量，这是一个错误

将其定义为double leibnizPi int numberofterms、double&estimatedValue1

并添加一个return语句

---

如果无法更改函数的返回类型，则不要尝试将其视为返回值。只需写下莱布尼茨指数，估计dv1；代替estimate1=leibnizPi entrems，而是estimatedV1

不能使用返回void的函数的返回值，因为没有返回值。相反，您可能希望尝试以下方法：

double leibnizPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue1 )
{
    double sign = 1.0;
    double sum = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double denominator = 2.0 * i + 1.0;
        double term = 4.0 / denominator;
        sum = sum + sign * term;
        sign = -sign;
    }
    estimatedValue1 = sum;
    return estimatedValue1;
}

double wallisPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue2)
{
    double product = 1.0;

    for (int i = 1; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double r = 2.0*i;
        r = r*r;
        double term = r/(r-1.0);
        product = product * term;
    }
    estimatedValue2 = 2.0 * product;
    return estimatedValue2;
}

---

启动警告级别。你说这些函数是分配的，必须保持无效。想澄清一下吗？你到底想做什么？在变量estimate1赋值后，你期望它是什么？你试过使用指针吗？是的，这很有道理，但这是赋值，所以它必须保持一个空函数。@JakeAyers，请参阅我的editYes，但遗憾的是，它仍然是一个空函数，因此我尝试将其用作引用。

double leibnizPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue1 )
{
    double sign = 1.0;
    double sum = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double denominator = 2.0 * i + 1.0;
        double term = 4.0 / denominator;
        sum = sum + sign * term;
        sign = -sign;
    }
    estimatedValue1 = sum;
    return estimatedValue1;
}

double wallisPi (int numberofterms, double &estimatedValue2)
{
    double product = 1.0;

    for (int i = 1; i < numberofterms; ++i) {
        double r = 2.0*i;
        r = r*r;
        double term = r/(r-1.0);
        product = product * term;
    }
    estimatedValue2 = 2.0 * product;
    return estimatedValue2;
}

leibnizPi (nTerms, estimatedV1);
estimate1 = estimatedV1;