C++ 一种非阻塞线程安全的内存池实现

我需要一个简单的非阻塞静态块大小内存池。我在网上没有找到这样的网站。所以每个人都需要这样的解决方案。这个是免费的。。。仅适用于Win32

致以最良好的祝愿

弗里德里希

#ifndef MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED

#include "atomic.hpp"
#include "static_assert.hpp"

#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4311 ) // warning C4311: 'Typumwandlung'

/// @brief Block-free memory-pool implemenation
/// @tparam T Object-type to be saved within the memory-pool.
/// @tparam S Capacy of the memory-pool.
template <typename T, int S>
class MemoryPool
{
private:
    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(int) == sizeof(void*), "Well, ...");

public:
    /// @brief Object-type saved within the pool.
    typedef T TYPE;
    enum
    {
        /// @brief Capacy of the memory-pool.
        SIZE = S
    };

private:
    /// @brief Chunks, that holds the memory
    struct Chunk
    {
        /// @brief Single-linked list.
        Chunk* Next;
        /// @brief The value
        /// We do not call the default constructor this way.
        char Value[sizeof(TYPE)];
    };

    /// @brief The root object.
    Chunk* Root;

    /// @brief The pool
    Chunk Pool[SIZE];

private:
    // do not allow copying
    MemoryPool(const MemoryPool&);
    MemoryPool& operator=(const MemoryPool&);

    void free(Chunk* c)
    {
        c->Next = Root;
        while(!CompareAndSwap((int*)&Root, (int)c->Next, (int)c))
        {
            c->Next = Root;
        }
    }

public:
    /// Default constructor
    /// Creates an empty memory-pool.
    /// Invalidates all the memory.
    MemoryPool()
    :   Root(0)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        {
            MemoryPool::free(&Pool[i]);
        }
    }

    /// @brief Frees a chunk of memory, that was allocated by MemoryPool::malloc
    /// @param _Chunk A chunk of memory, that was allocated by MemoryPool::malloc
    /// This function will not call the destructor.
    /// Thread-safe, non-blocking
    void free(T* _Chunk)
    {
        if(!_Chunk)
            return;

        Chunk* c = (Chunk*)((int)(_Chunk) - sizeof(Chunk*));

        if(c < &Pool[0] || c > &Pool[SIZE - 1])
            return;

        MemoryPool::free(c);
    }

    /// @brief Returns a pointer to a chunk of memory
    /// @return 0 on a memory shortage
    /// @return A pointer to a chunk of memory
    /// This function will not call the constructor.
    /// Thread-safe, non-blocking
    T* malloc()
    {
        Chunk* r = Root;
        if(!r)
            return 0;

        while(!CompareAndSwap((int*)&Root, (int)r, (int)r->Next))
        {
            r = Root;
            if(!r)
                return 0;
        }

        return &(r->Value);
    }
};

#pragma warning( pop )

#endif // MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED

/// @brief Lock-free memory-pool implementation
/// @tparam T Type stored within the memory-pool
/// @tparam S Number of elements stored in the memory-pool.
template <typename T, int S>
class MemoryPool
{
public:
    /// @brief Type stored within the memory-pool.
    typedef T TYPE;
    enum
    {
        /// @brief Number of enrties in the memory-pool.
        SIZE = S
    };

private:

// we need to align the memory-pool-chunks.
#pragma pack(push, MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT)

    /// @brief The memory-chunk used by the memory-pool.
    template <typename TYPE>
    struct MemoryChunk
    {
        /// @brief Next entry in the single-linked list.
        SLIST_ENTRY Next;
        /// @brief The value stored within the memory-pool.
        /// Do not call the constructor
        char Value[sizeof(TYPE)];
    };
    typedef MemoryChunk<TYPE> CHUNK_TYPE;

#pragma pack(pop, MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT)

    /// @brief Head of the single-linked list.
    SLIST_HEADER Head;

    /// @brief The pool itself
    CHUNK_TYPE Pool[SIZE];

    // no copying is supported
    MemoryPool& operator=(const MemoryPool&);
    MemoryPool(const MemoryPool&);

public:
    /// @brief Constructs the memory-pool.
    MemoryPool()
    {
        InitializeSListHead(&Head);
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        {
            InterlockedPushEntrySList(&Head, &Pool[i].Next);
        }
    }

    /// @brief Free the memory-pool.
    ~MemoryPool()
    {
        InterlockedFlushSList(&Head);
    }

    /// @brief Allocates a memory chunk
    /// @return 0 if none is free
    /// @return Pointer to a free memory chunk (the constructor is not called!)
    TYPE* Allocate()
    {
        CHUNK_TYPE* c = reinterpret_cast<CHUNK_TYPE*>(InterlockedPopEntrySList(&Head));
        if(c)
            return reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(&c->Value[0]);
        else
            return 0;
    }

    /// @brief Deallocates a memory chunk (the destructor is not called)
    /// @param c Point to the memory-chunk allocated by us.
    void Deallocate(void* c)
    {
        if(c < static_cast<void*>(&Pool[0]) || c > static_cast<void*>(&Pool[SIZE]))
            return; // was not allocated by us
        char* p = static_cast<char*>(c);
        p -= sizeof(SLIST_ENTRY);
        CHUNK_TYPE* t = reinterpret_cast<CHUNK_TYPE*>(p);
        InterlockedPushEntrySList(&Head, &t->Next);
    }
};

---

这种方法的问题在于

malloc

中存在竞争条件：

while(!CompareAndSwap((int*)&Root, (int)r, (int)r->Next))

考虑以下操作顺序：

最初

Root=A，A->next=B，…

一个线程读取

r=Root

so

r=A

，然后（在寄存器中）读取

ecx=r->Next=B

初始线程被抢占（或者，在另一个CPU上）一系列的

malloc

和

free

发生，使得

a

被使用一段时间，最后被释放

新列表状态为

Root=A，A->next=ZZZ，…

原始线程唤醒并执行

cmpxchg

并成功，因为

Root==r==A

，因此设置

Root=ecx=B

现在您的列表已损坏

---

如果您有一个双字

cmpxchg

，例如

cmpxchg8b

，则可以解决此问题。您只需在列表标题旁边包含一个序列号，这样，如果您被如上（3）所述的中断，那么如果比较失败。只要每个

malloc

都交换指针并增加序列号，

free

端可以使用窄版本。

谢谢您的评论。这一个可以与WinXP和更新版本一起使用。前面提到的实现仍然可以与PowerPC体系结构一起使用（如果您有正确的CompareAndSwap实现，请参阅“http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.aixassem/doc/alangref/stwcx.htm"

致以最良好的祝愿

弗里德里希

#ifndef MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED
#define MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED

#include "atomic.hpp"
#include "static_assert.hpp"

#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4311 ) // warning C4311: 'Typumwandlung'

/// @brief Block-free memory-pool implemenation
/// @tparam T Object-type to be saved within the memory-pool.
/// @tparam S Capacy of the memory-pool.
template <typename T, int S>
class MemoryPool
{
private:
    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(int) == sizeof(void*), "Well, ...");

public:
    /// @brief Object-type saved within the pool.
    typedef T TYPE;
    enum
    {
        /// @brief Capacy of the memory-pool.
        SIZE = S
    };

private:
    /// @brief Chunks, that holds the memory
    struct Chunk
    {
        /// @brief Single-linked list.
        Chunk* Next;
        /// @brief The value
        /// We do not call the default constructor this way.
        char Value[sizeof(TYPE)];
    };

    /// @brief The root object.
    Chunk* Root;

    /// @brief The pool
    Chunk Pool[SIZE];

private:
    // do not allow copying
    MemoryPool(const MemoryPool&);
    MemoryPool& operator=(const MemoryPool&);

    void free(Chunk* c)
    {
        c->Next = Root;
        while(!CompareAndSwap((int*)&Root, (int)c->Next, (int)c))
        {
            c->Next = Root;
        }
    }

public:
    /// Default constructor
    /// Creates an empty memory-pool.
    /// Invalidates all the memory.
    MemoryPool()
    :   Root(0)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        {
            MemoryPool::free(&Pool[i]);
        }
    }

    /// @brief Frees a chunk of memory, that was allocated by MemoryPool::malloc
    /// @param _Chunk A chunk of memory, that was allocated by MemoryPool::malloc
    /// This function will not call the destructor.
    /// Thread-safe, non-blocking
    void free(T* _Chunk)
    {
        if(!_Chunk)
            return;

        Chunk* c = (Chunk*)((int)(_Chunk) - sizeof(Chunk*));

        if(c < &Pool[0] || c > &Pool[SIZE - 1])
            return;

        MemoryPool::free(c);
    }

    /// @brief Returns a pointer to a chunk of memory
    /// @return 0 on a memory shortage
    /// @return A pointer to a chunk of memory
    /// This function will not call the constructor.
    /// Thread-safe, non-blocking
    T* malloc()
    {
        Chunk* r = Root;
        if(!r)
            return 0;

        while(!CompareAndSwap((int*)&Root, (int)r, (int)r->Next))
        {
            r = Root;
            if(!r)
                return 0;
        }

        return &(r->Value);
    }
};

#pragma warning( pop )

#endif // MEMPOOL_HPP_INCLUDED

/// @brief Lock-free memory-pool implementation
/// @tparam T Type stored within the memory-pool
/// @tparam S Number of elements stored in the memory-pool.
template <typename T, int S>
class MemoryPool
{
public:
    /// @brief Type stored within the memory-pool.
    typedef T TYPE;
    enum
    {
        /// @brief Number of enrties in the memory-pool.
        SIZE = S
    };

private:

// we need to align the memory-pool-chunks.
#pragma pack(push, MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT)

    /// @brief The memory-chunk used by the memory-pool.
    template <typename TYPE>
    struct MemoryChunk
    {
        /// @brief Next entry in the single-linked list.
        SLIST_ENTRY Next;
        /// @brief The value stored within the memory-pool.
        /// Do not call the constructor
        char Value[sizeof(TYPE)];
    };
    typedef MemoryChunk<TYPE> CHUNK_TYPE;

#pragma pack(pop, MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ALIGNMENT)

    /// @brief Head of the single-linked list.
    SLIST_HEADER Head;

    /// @brief The pool itself
    CHUNK_TYPE Pool[SIZE];

    // no copying is supported
    MemoryPool& operator=(const MemoryPool&);
    MemoryPool(const MemoryPool&);

public:
    /// @brief Constructs the memory-pool.
    MemoryPool()
    {
        InitializeSListHead(&Head);
        for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        {
            InterlockedPushEntrySList(&Head, &Pool[i].Next);
        }
    }

    /// @brief Free the memory-pool.
    ~MemoryPool()
    {
        InterlockedFlushSList(&Head);
    }

    /// @brief Allocates a memory chunk
    /// @return 0 if none is free
    /// @return Pointer to a free memory chunk (the constructor is not called!)
    TYPE* Allocate()
    {
        CHUNK_TYPE* c = reinterpret_cast<CHUNK_TYPE*>(InterlockedPopEntrySList(&Head));
        if(c)
            return reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(&c->Value[0]);
        else
            return 0;
    }

    /// @brief Deallocates a memory chunk (the destructor is not called)
    /// @param c Point to the memory-chunk allocated by us.
    void Deallocate(void* c)
    {
        if(c < static_cast<void*>(&Pool[0]) || c > static_cast<void*>(&Pool[SIZE]))
            return; // was not allocated by us
        char* p = static_cast<char*>(c);
        p -= sizeof(SLIST_ENTRY);
        CHUNK_TYPE* t = reinterpret_cast<CHUNK_TYPE*>(p);
        InterlockedPushEntrySList(&Head, &t->Next);
    }
};

//@简短的无锁内存池实现
///@tparam T类型存储在内存池中
///@tparam存储在内存池中的元素数。
模板
类内存池
{
公众：
///@存储在内存池中的简短类型。
T型；
枚举
{
///@内存池中的ENRTIE的简短数目。
尺寸=S
};
私人：
//我们需要对齐内存池块。
#pragma包（推送、内存分配和对齐）
///@brief内存池使用的内存块。
模板
结构内存块
{
///@brief单链表中的下一个条目。
下一步滑入；
///@brief内存池中存储的值。
///不要调用构造函数
字符值[sizeof（类型）]；
};
typedef MemoryChunk CHUNK_TYPE；
#pragma包（pop、内存分配和对齐）
///@单链表的简短标题。
滑动头；
///@简要介绍一下游泳池本身
区块类型池[大小]；
//不支持复制
MemoryPool&运算符=（常量MemoryPool&）；
MemoryPool（const MemoryPool&）；
公众：
///@brief构造内存池。
MemoryPool（）
{
初始化ListHead（&Head）；
对于（int i=0；iValue[0]）；
其他的
返回0；
}
///@brief解除分配内存块（未调用析构函数）
///@param c指向我们分配的内存块。
无效解除分配（无效*c）
{
if（cstatic_cast（&Pool[SIZE]））
return；//未由我们分配
char*p=静态_cast（c）；
p-=sizeof（SLIST_条目）；
CHUNK_TYPE*t=重新解释铸件（p）；
联锁PushEntrySlist（&Head，&t->Next）；
}
};

谢谢，但这类帖子就不是了。顺便说一句：如果这只适用于Windows：为什么不使用InterlocatedXYZ（）？7个问题，0个答案，0个投票，0个接受。谢谢，但这类用户也不例外。我继续回答，因为尽管原始海报没有意识到这一点，他需要帮助。你应该保持网站的问答格式，将帖子的答案部分向下移动到一个答案。又名ABA问题：：）但我想你知道这一点。这看起来像是实现了我们所说的。不过，正如我在上一段中所描述的，您自己的版本离工作还不远。我也被这个问题蒙蔽了双眼：