C++ 如何使用CMake在macOS上使用和链接boost？_C++_Boost_Cmake_Boost Program Options_Cmake Modules

C++ 如何使用CMake在macOS上使用和链接boost？

c++ boost cmake

C++ 如何使用CMake在macOS上使用和链接boost？,c++,boost,cmake,boost-program-options,cmake-modules,C++,Boost,Cmake,Boost Program Options,Cmake Modules,谢谢你的帮助！最终起作用的是变化： set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "gcc-10") set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "g++-10") 致：尝试将boost链接到我的程序时出现以下错误： [ 83%] Linking CXX executable cartogram Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "__ZN5boost15program_options11

谢谢你的帮助！最终起作用的是变化：

set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "gcc-10")
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "g++-10")

致：

尝试将boost链接到我的程序时出现以下错误：

[ 83%] Linking CXX executable cartogram
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "__ZN5boost15program_options11to_internalERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options11to_internalINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEESt6vectorIS7_SaIS7_EERKS8_IT_SaISB_EE in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options16validation_error12get_templateB5cxx11ENS1_6kind_tE", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options10validators17get_single_stringIcEERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT_St11char_traitsIS5_ESaIS5_EEERKSt6vectorIS9_SaIS9_EEb in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options19options_descriptionC1ERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEjj", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueC1ERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options8validateIicEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options22error_with_option_nameC2ERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES9_S9_i", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options10validators17get_single_stringIcEERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT_St11char_traitsIS5_ESaIS5_EEERKSt6vectorIS9_SaIS9_EEb in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E", referenced from:
      __ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE4nameB5cxx11Ev in main.cpp.o
      __ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE4nameEv in main.cpp.o
      __ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicE4nameB5cxx11Ev in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options6detail7cmdline21set_additional_parserENS_9function1ISt4pairINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_ERKSA_EE", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcE12extra_parserENS_9function1ISt4pairINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_ERKSA_EE in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options6detail7cmdlineC2ERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS9_EE", referenced from:
      __ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcEC1EiPKPKc in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options8validateERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS9_EEPS9_i", referenced from:
      __ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorIS7_SaIS7_EE in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_options8validateERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS9_EEPbi", referenced from:
      __ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaISB_EE in main.cpp.o
  "__ZN5boost15program_optionslsERSoRKNS0_19options_descriptionE", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "__ZNK5boost15program_options22abstract_variables_mapixERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
      __Z8read_csvN5boost15program_options13variables_mapEP8MapState in read_csv.cpp.o
  "__ZNK5boost15program_options22error_with_option_name23substitute_placeholdersERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5boost10wrapexceptINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEE in main.cpp.o
      __ZTVN5boost10wrapexceptINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEE in main.cpp.o
      __ZTVN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE in main.cpp.o
      __ZTVN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueE in main.cpp.o
  "__ZNK5boost15program_options29value_semantic_codecvt_helperIcE5parseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaISB_EEb", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcEE in main.cpp.o
      __ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicEE in main.cpp.o
      __ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcEE in main.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

但是，当运行cmake命令时，cmake通知我它已找到boost和所需组件：

--找到Boost:/usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake（找到合适的版本“1.74.0”，最低要求为“1.40”）找到组件：程序选项

我使用的是

gcc

和

g++

版本

10.2.0

。我使用

CMake-DCMAKE\u CXX\u COMPILER=g++-10-DCMAKE\u C\u COMPILER=gcc-10来配置我的CMake文件
我尝试了以下两种链接选项，但是，它们都会导致相同的错误：
target\u link\u库（cartogram CGAL:：CGAL Boost:：program\u options${FFTW\u libraries}）
和
target_link_库（cartogram CGAL:：CGAL${Boost_库}${FFTW_库}）

我还尝试在调用find boost（使用：find\u package（需要boost 1.40组件程序选项）
）之前包含add\u compile\u定义（\u GLIBCXX\u USE\u cx11\u ABI=0）
（编辑：from）
另一方面，完全相同的cmake文件在Ubuntu、Linux上工作得非常好
如何修复此错误
编辑：我甚至不能完全确定这是否是一个链接错误，因为当我根本不包括要链接的boost库时（因为我相信程序选项可以用作仅标题的库），我仍然会收到相同的错误
编辑2：这是我的CMake代码的全部内容：
# code for findFFTW
configure_file(downloadFindFFTW.cmake.in findFFTW-download/CMakeLists.txt)
execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
        RESULT_VARIABLE result
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/findFFTW-download )
if(result)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for findFFTW failed: ${result}")
    else()
    message("CMake step for findFFTW completed (${result}).")
endif()
execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
        RESULT_VARIABLE result
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/findFFTW-download )
if(result)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for findFFTW failed: ${result}")
endif()

set(findFFTW_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/findFFTW-src)

set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${findFFTW_DIR}")

# As per https://github.com/CGAL/cgal/wiki/How-to-use-CGAL-with-CMake-or-your-own-build-system
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
project(cartogram)

# set(PLATFORM_SPECIFIC_LIBS "-lpthread")
add_compile_definitions(_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG ON)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)

find_package(CGAL)
find_package(Boost 1.40 COMPONENTS program_options REQUIRED)
find_package(FFTW)
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)

add_executable(cartogram main.cpp
              geo_div.cpp
                map_state.cpp
                read_csv.cpp
                rescale_map.cpp
                write_eps.cpp
                read_geojson.cpp
                fill_with_density.cpp
              blur_density.cpp
              flatten_density.cpp
                ft_real_2d.cpp)

# Boost::program_options ${Boost_LIBRARIES}
target_link_libraries(cartogram
                      CGAL::CGAL
                      ${Boost_LIBRARIES}
                      ${FFTW_LIBRARIES}
                      ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})

编辑3：这是我运行cmake-DCMAKE\u CXX\u COMPILER=g++-10-DCMAKE\u C\u COMPILER=gcc-10时得到的结果：
CMake Warning:
  No source or binary directory provided.  Both will be assumed to be the
  same as the current working directory, but note that this warning will
  become a fatal error in future CMake releases.


CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required):
  Compatibility with CMake < 2.8.12 will be removed from a future version of
  CMake.

  Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell
  CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions.


CMake Warning at /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.19.2/share/cmake/Modules/Platform/Darwin-Initialize.cmake:303 (message):
  Ignoring CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT value:

   /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk

  because the directory does not exist.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.19.2/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeSystemSpecificInitialize.cmake:21 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:3 (project)


-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gastner/cartogram_cpp-master/cartogram_generator/findFFTW-download
CMake step for findFFTW completed (0).
[ 11%] Performing update step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 22%] No patch step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 33%] No configure step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 44%] No build step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 55%] No install step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 66%] No test step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 77%] Completed 'findFFTW_download'
[100%] Built target findFFTW_download
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 10.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 10.2.0
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/local/bin/gcc-10 - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/local/bin/g++-10 - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Using header-only CGAL
-- Targetting Unix Makefiles
-- Using /usr/local/bin/g++-10 compiler.
-- DARWIN_VERSION=19
-- Mac Leopard detected
-- Found GMP: /usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib  
-- Found MPFR: /usr/local/lib/libmpfr.dylib  
-- Found Boost: /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found suitable version "1.74.0", minimum required is "1.48")  
-- Boost include dirs: /usr/local/include
-- Boost libraries:    
-- Using gcc version 4 or later. Adding -frounding-math
-- Found Boost: /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found suitable version "1.74.0", minimum required is "1.40") found components: program_options 
-- Could NOT find PkgConfig (missing: PKG_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE) 
-- Found FFTW: /usr/local/include   
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gastner/cartogram_cpp-master/cartogram_generator

CMake警告：
没有提供源或二进制目录。两者都将被假定为
与当前工作目录相同，但请注意，此警告将
在以后的CMake版本中成为致命错误。
CMakeLists.txt上的CMake弃用警告：1（需要CMake_最小值）：
与CMake<2.8.12的兼容性将从的未来版本中删除
克马克。
更新版本参数值或使用。。。后缀
使项目不需要与旧版本兼容。
CMake警告位于/usr/local/ceral/CMake/3.19.2/share/CMake/Modules/Platform/Darwin Initialize。CMake:303（消息）：
忽略CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT值：
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk
因为目录不存在。
调用堆栈（最新调用优先）：
/usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.19.2/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeSystemSpecificInitialize.cmake:21（包括）
CMakeLists.txt:3（项目）
--配置完成
--生成完成
--构建文件已写入：/Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gastner/cartogram\u cpp-master/cartogram\u generator/findFFTW下载
FindFtw的CMake步骤已完成（0）。
[11%]正在为“FindFtw_下载”执行更新步骤
[22%]没有“FindFtw_下载”的修补程序步骤
[33%]没有“FindFtw_下载”的配置步骤
[44%]没有“FindFtw_下载”的构建步骤
[55%]没有“FindFtw_下载”的安装步骤
[66%]没有“FindFtw_下载”的测试步骤
[77%]已完成“FindFtw_下载”
[100%]内置目标FindFtw_下载
--C编译器标识为GNU10.2.0
--CXX编译器标识为GNU 10.2.0
--检查C编译器是否具有-isysroot
--检查C编译器是否具有-isysroot-yes
--检查C编译器是否支持OSX部署目标标志
--检查C编译器是否支持OSX部署目标标志-是
--检测C编译器ABI信息
--检测C编译器ABI信息-完成
--检查C编译器是否工作：/usr/local/bin/gcc-10-跳过
--检测C编译特性
--检测C编译特性-完成
--正在检查CXX编译器是否具有-isysroot
--正在检查CXX编译器是否具有-isysroot-yes
--检查CXX编译器是否支持OSX部署目标标志
--正在检查CXX编译器是否支持OSX部署目标标志-是
--检测CXX编译器ABI信息
--检测CXX编译器ABI信息-完成
--检查CXX编译器是否工作：/usr/local/bin/g++-10-跳过
--检测CXX编译特性
--检测CXX编译功能-完成
--仅使用标题CGAL
--以Unix生成文件为目标
--使用/usr/local/bin/g++-10编译器。
--达尔文版本=19
--检测到Mac Leopard
--找到GMP:/usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib
--找到MPFR:/usr/local/lib/libmpfr.dylib
--找到Boost:/usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake（找到合适的版本“1.74.0”，最低要求为“1.48”）
--Boost include dirs:/usr/local/include
--Boost库：
--使用gcc版本4或更高版本。加法运算
--找到的Boost:/usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake（找到合适的版本“1.74.0”，最低要求为“1.40”）找到的组件：程序选项
--找不到PkgConfig（缺少：PKG\u CONFIG\u可执行文件）
--找到FFTW:/usr/local/include
--正在查找pthread.h
--正在查找pthread.h-找到
--正在执行测试CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
--执行测试CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD-成功
--找到的线程：TRUE
--配置完成
--生成完成
--构建文件已写入：/Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gasner/cartogram\u cpp-master/cartogram\u生成器
我最喜欢的方法是使用vcpkg

使用此安装vcpkg
使用终端导航到vcpkg
文件夹
接下来，键入/vcpkg/vcpkg安装boost。
此命令完成后，运行/vcpkg/vcpkg install integrate
；这样，将出现一个关于如何将boost与cmake文件集成的命令。将其复制并粘贴到文本编辑器中以供将来参考
使用该选项运行CMake文件
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$vcpkgRoot/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake（由早期
CMake Warning:
  No source or binary directory provided.  Both will be assumed to be the
  same as the current working directory, but note that this warning will
  become a fatal error in future CMake releases.


CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required):
  Compatibility with CMake < 2.8.12 will be removed from a future version of
  CMake.

  Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell
  CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions.


CMake Warning at /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.19.2/share/cmake/Modules/Platform/Darwin-Initialize.cmake:303 (message):
  Ignoring CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT value:

   /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk

  because the directory does not exist.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.19.2/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeSystemSpecificInitialize.cmake:21 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:3 (project)


-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gastner/cartogram_cpp-master/cartogram_generator/findFFTW-download
CMake step for findFFTW completed (0).
[ 11%] Performing update step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 22%] No patch step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 33%] No configure step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 44%] No build step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 55%] No install step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 66%] No test step for 'findFFTW_download'
[ 77%] Completed 'findFFTW_download'
[100%] Built target findFFTW_download
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 10.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 10.2.0
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/local/bin/gcc-10 - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot
-- Checking whether CXX compiler has -isysroot - yes
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag
-- Checking whether CXX compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/local/bin/g++-10 - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Using header-only CGAL
-- Targetting Unix Makefiles
-- Using /usr/local/bin/g++-10 compiler.
-- DARWIN_VERSION=19
-- Mac Leopard detected
-- Found GMP: /usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib  
-- Found MPFR: /usr/local/lib/libmpfr.dylib  
-- Found Boost: /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found suitable version "1.74.0", minimum required is "1.48")  
-- Boost include dirs: /usr/local/include
-- Boost libraries:    
-- Using gcc version 4 or later. Adding -frounding-math
-- Found Boost: /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.74.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found suitable version "1.74.0", minimum required is "1.40") found components: program_options 
-- Could NOT find PkgConfig (missing: PKG_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE) 
-- Found FFTW: /usr/local/include   
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Success
-- Found Threads: TRUE  
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/adityasinghania/Desktop/gastner/cartogram_cpp-master/cartogram_generator