C++ OpenCV 2.4.1未定义的参考

我最近在运行Ubuntu12.04（64位）的桌面上安装了OpenCV 2.4.1，但每次我尝试编译代码时，甚至包括使用预编译脚本的示例，我都会从

cv

名称空间中获得有关每个函数的未定义引用

我目前试图编译的代码来自OpenCV文档。我尝试了3种不同的方法来编译此代码：

I-按照文档站点的指示使用CMake

II-使用gcc和pkg config并使用以下命令：

gcc `pkg-config --cflags opencv` display_image.cpp `pkg-config --libs opencv` -o DisplayImage

III-使用我自己的makefile并直接添加库和头路径：

CC = g++
INCLUDE = -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/opencv

LIBS = -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui 

%: %.cpp 
    $(CC) -o $@ $< $(INCLUDE) $(LIBS) 

现在添加更详细的编译输出（使用-Wall和-v）

g++-v-Wall-o display\u image display\u image.cpp-I/usr/local/include-I/usr/local/include/opencv-L/usr/local/lib-lopencv\u core-lopencv\u highgui
使用内置规格。
收集\u GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/LTO-WRAPPER
目标：x86_64-linux-gnu
配置为：../src/configure-v--with pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5'--with bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs ——启用语言= C、C++、FORTRAN、Objc，obj-c++--prefix=/usr--program suffix=-4.6--enable shared--enable linker build id--with system zlib--libexecdir=/usr/lib--withinclude gettext--enable threads=posix--with gxx include dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6--libdir/usr/lib enable nls--with sysroot=/--enable clocale=gnu--enable libstdcxx debug--enable libstdcxx debug--enable libstdcxx time=--启用gnu唯一对象--启用插件--启用objc gc--禁用werror--with-arch-32=i686--with-tune=generic--启用检查=发布--build=x86_64-linux-gnu--host=x86_64-linux-gnu--target=x86_64-linux-gnu
线程模型：posix
gcc版本4.6.3（Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5）
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v'-Wall'-o''display_image'-I'/usr/local/include'-I'/usr/local/include/opencv'-L/usr/local/lib'-shared libgcc'-mtune=generic'-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/cc1plus-quiet-v-I/usr/local/include-I/usr/local/include/opencv-imultilib-imultimarch x86\u 64-linux-gnu-D\u gnu\u源代码显示\u image.cpp-quiet-dumpbase显示\u image.cpp-mtune=generic-march=x86-64-auxbase显示\u图像-Wall-version-fstack protector-o/tmp/ccDB7q8G.s
GNU C++（Ubuntu/LimARO 4.63-1Ubuntu5）4.4.3版（X86Y64-LIUX-GNU）
由GNU C版本4.6.3、GMP版本5.0.2、MPFR版本3.1.0-p3、MPC版本0.9编译
GGC启发式：--param GGC min expand=100--param GGC min heapsize=131072
忽略不存在的目录“/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu”
忽略不存在的目录“/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include”
忽略重复目录“/usr/local/include”
因为它是与系统目录重复的非系统目录
#包括“…”搜索从这里开始：
#包括搜索从这里开始：
/usr/local/include/opencv
/usr/include/c++/4.6
/usr/include/c++/4.6/x86_64-linux-gnu/。
/usr/include/c++/4.6/backward
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include
/usr/本地/包括
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include-fixed
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/包括
搜索列表结束。
GNU C++（Ubuntu/LimARO 4.63-1Ubuntu5）4.4.3版（X86Y64-LIUX-GNU）
由GNU C版本4.6.3、GMP版本5.0.2、MPFR版本3.1.0-p3、MPC版本0.9编译
GGC启发式：--param GGC min expand=100--param GGC min heapsize=131072
编译器可执行校验和：65b5171ac1bd7b3f07dbea6bdb24be3d
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v'-Wall'-o''display_image'-I'/usr/local/include'-I'/usr/local/include/opencv'-L/usr/local/lib'-shared libgcc'-mtune=generic'-march=x86-64'
as--64-o/tmp/cchdK0Uq.o/tmp/ccDB7q8G.s
编译器_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/：/usr/lib gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/：/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../../lib x86_64-linux-gnu/：//lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v'-Wall'-o''display_image'-I'/usr/local/include'-I'/usr/local/include/opencv'-L/usr/local/lib'-shared libgcc'-mtune=generic'-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/collect2--sysroot=/--build id--无需添加--根据需要--eh frame hdr-m elf_x86_64--hash style=gnu-dynamic linker/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2-z relro-o display_image/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../..//1/usr/当地/lib-1/L///1///1//1//1//1/L//1//1//1//1//1/1///1////1////1/1/1/1////1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1//////1/1/1////////1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1//////1/1/1/1/1/1/////////////1/1/1/1/1///////////////////////1/4/8/4/8/8/4/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/8/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../..//tmp/cchdK0Uq.o-lopencv_core-lopencv_highgui-lstdc++-lm-lgcc_s-lgcc-lc-lgcc_-lgcc/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
/tmp/cchdK0Uq.o:在函数“main”中：
display_image.cpp:（.text+0x9b）：对'cv:：imread（std:：basic_string const&，int）'的未定义引用
display_image.cpp:（.text+0x13f）：对'cv:：namedWindow（std:：basic_string const&，int）'的未定义引用
display_image.cpp:（.text+0x1a1）：对“cv:：imshow（std:：basic_string const&，cv:_inputarrayconst&）”的未定义引用
collect2:ld返回了1个退出状态
make:**[显示图像]错误1

您能指导我完成您的OpenCV安装过程吗？这意味着您的程序正在获取头文件，但没有获取opencv库。它可能是您的opencv.so文件未生成或未生成

/tmp/ccufJQVm.o: In function `main':
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x9b): undefined reference to `cv::imread(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x13f): undefined reference to `cv::namedWindow(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x1a1): undefined reference to `cv::imshow(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, cv::_InputArray const&)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [display_image] Error 1

$pkg-config --cflags opencv
-I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include 
$pkg-config --libs opencv
/usr/local/lib/libopencv_calib3d.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_contrib.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_features2d.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_flann.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_gpu.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_legacy.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_ml.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_nonfree.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_objdetect.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_photo.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_stitching.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_ts.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_video.so /usr/local/lib/libopencv_videostab.so

g++ -v -Wall -o display_image display_image.cpp -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/opencv -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui  
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.6 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-Wall' '-o' 'display_image' '-I' '/usr/local/include' '-I' '/usr/local/include/opencv' '-L/usr/local/lib' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/cc1plus -quiet -v -I /usr/local/include -I /usr/local/include/opencv -imultilib . -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu -D_GNU_SOURCE display_image.cpp -quiet -dumpbase display_image.cpp -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase display_image -Wall -version -fstack-protector -o /tmp/ccDB7q8G.s
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) version 4.6.3 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.6.3, GMP version 5.0.2, MPFR version 3.1.0-p3, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include"
  as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include/opencv
 /usr/include/c++/4.6
 /usr/include/c++/4.6/x86_64-linux-gnu/.
 /usr/include/c++/4.6/backward
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include-fixed
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) version 4.6.3 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 4.6.3, GMP version 5.0.2, MPFR version 3.1.0-p3, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 65b5171ac1bd7b3f07dbea6bdb24be3d
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-Wall' '-o' 'display_image' '-I' '/usr/local/include' '-I' '/usr/local/include/opencv' '-L/usr/local/lib' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 as --64 -o /tmp/cchdK0Uq.o /tmp/ccDB7q8G.s
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-Wall' '-o' 'display_image' '-I' '/usr/local/include' '-I' '/usr/local/include/opencv' '-L/usr/local/lib' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/collect2 --sysroot=/ --build-id --no-add-needed --as-needed --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -z relro -o display_image /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../.. /tmp/cchdK0Uq.o -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
/tmp/cchdK0Uq.o: In function `main':
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x9b): undefined reference to `cv::imread(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x13f): undefined reference to `cv::namedWindow(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
display_image.cpp:(.text+0x1a1): undefined reference to `cv::imshow(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, cv::_InputArray const&)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [display_image] Error 1