C# 检查设备更改（添加/删除）事件
我想知道在系统中添加或删除设备时是否有方法触发事件。我希望能够检测到是否添加了USB闪存驱动器、鼠标或其他任何东西。我试着四处搜索，但我找不到任何关于如何做到这一点的信息C# 检查设备更改（添加/删除）事件,c#,.net,windows,C#,.net,Windows,我想知道在系统中添加或删除设备时是否有方法触发事件。我希望能够检测到是否添加了USB闪存驱动器、鼠标或其他任何东西。我试着四处搜索，但我找不到任何关于如何做到这一点的信息 有什么想法吗？如果您的应用程序中有一个窗口，您可以使用以下内容： using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; internal static class UsbNotification { public const int DbtDevicearrival
有什么想法吗？如果您的应用程序中有一个窗口，您可以使用以下内容：
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
internal static class UsbNotification
{
public const int DbtDevicearrival = 0x8000; // system detected a new device
public const int DbtDeviceremovecomplete = 0x8004; // device is gone
public const int WmDevicechange = 0x0219; // device change event
private const int DbtDevtypDeviceinterface = 5;
private static readonly Guid GuidDevinterfaceUSBDevice = new Guid("A5DCBF10-6530-11D2-901F-00C04FB951ED"); // USB devices
private static IntPtr notificationHandle;
/// <summary>
/// Registers a window to receive notifications when USB devices are plugged or unplugged.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="windowHandle">Handle to the window receiving notifications.</param>
public static void RegisterUsbDeviceNotification(IntPtr windowHandle)
{
DevBroadcastDeviceinterface dbi = new DevBroadcastDeviceinterface
{
DeviceType = DbtDevtypDeviceinterface,
Reserved = 0,
ClassGuid = GuidDevinterfaceUSBDevice,
Name = 0
};
dbi.Size = Marshal.SizeOf(dbi);
IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(dbi.Size);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(dbi, buffer, true);
notificationHandle = RegisterDeviceNotification(windowHandle, buffer, 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// Unregisters the window for USB device notifications
/// </summary>
public static void UnregisterUsbDeviceNotification()
{
UnregisterDeviceNotification(notificationHandle);
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr recipient, IntPtr notificationFilter, int flags);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern bool UnregisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr handle);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct DevBroadcastDeviceinterface
{
internal int Size;
internal int DeviceType;
internal int Reserved;
internal Guid ClassGuid;
internal short Name;
}
}
公认的答案非常好，但它仅适用于USB设备 要使其适用于所有设备（并可选择过滤USB），请使用以下稍加修改的类：
static class DeviceNotification {
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363480(v=vs.85).aspx
public const int DbtDeviceArrival = 0x8000; // system detected a new device
public const int DbtDeviceRemoveComplete = 0x8004; // device is gone
public const int DbtDevNodesChanged = 0x0007; //A device has been added to or removed from the system.
public const int WmDevicechange = 0x0219; // device change event
private const int DbtDevtypDeviceinterface = 5;
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363431(v=vs.85).aspx
private const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES = 4;
private static readonly Guid GuidDevinterfaceUSBDevice = new Guid("A5DCBF10-6530-11D2-901F-00C04FB951ED"); // USB devices
private static IntPtr notificationHandle;
/// <summary>
/// Registers a window to receive notifications when devices are plugged or unplugged.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="windowHandle">Handle to the window receiving notifications.</param>
/// <param name="usbOnly">true to filter to USB devices only, false to be notified for all devices.</param>
public static void RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr windowHandle, bool usbOnly = false) {
var dbi = new DevBroadcastDeviceinterface {
DeviceType = DbtDevtypDeviceinterface,
Reserved = 0,
ClassGuid = GuidDevinterfaceUSBDevice,
Name = 0
};
dbi.Size = Marshal.SizeOf(dbi);
IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(dbi.Size);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(dbi, buffer, true);
notificationHandle = RegisterDeviceNotification(windowHandle, buffer, usbOnly ? 0 : DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES);
}
/// <summary>
/// Unregisters the window for device notifications
/// </summary>
public static void UnregisterDeviceNotification() {
UnregisterDeviceNotification(notificationHandle);
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr recipient, IntPtr notificationFilter, int flags);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
private static extern bool UnregisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr handle);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct DevBroadcastDeviceinterface {
internal int Size;
internal int DeviceType;
internal int Reserved;
internal Guid ClassGuid;
internal short Name;
}
}
静态类设备化{
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363480（v=vs.85）.aspx
public const int DbtDeviceArrival=0x8000；//系统检测到新设备
public const int dbtdeviceremoveplete=0x8004；//设备已丢失
public const int DbtDevNodesChanged=0x0007；//设备已添加到系统或从系统中删除。
public const int WmDevicechange=0x0219；//设备更改事件
私有常量int dbtdevtypedeviceinterface=5；
//https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363431（v=vs.85）.aspx
私有const int设备通知所有接口类=4；
专用静态只读Guid GuidDevice=new Guid（“A5DCBF10-6530-11D2-901F-00C04FB951ED”）；//USB设备
私有静态IntPtr notificationHandle；
///
///注册一个窗口，以便在设备插入或拔出时接收通知。
///
///接收通知的窗口的句柄。
///true仅适用于USB设备，false适用于所有设备。
公共静态无效注册表设备化（IntPtr windowHandle，bool usbOnly=false）{
var dbi=新的DevBroadcastDeviceinterface{
DeviceType=DBTDevtypeDeviceInterface，
保留=0，
ClassGuid=GuidDevinterfaceUSBDevice，
Name=0
};
dbi.Size=Marshal.SizeOf（dbi）；
IntPtr buffer=Marshal.AllocHGlobal（dbi.Size）；
StructureToPtr（dbi，buffer，true）；
notificationHandle=RegisterDeviceNotification（窗口句柄、缓冲区、usbOnly？0：设备通知所有接口类）；
}
///
///注销设备通知窗口
///
公共静态无效注销设备身份验证（）{
未注册设备通知（notificationHandle）；
}
[DllImport（“user32.dll”，CharSet=CharSet.Auto，SetLastError=true）]
专用静态外部IntPtr注册表项设备（IntPtr收件人、IntPtr通知筛选器、int标志）；
[DllImport（“user32.dll”）]
私有静态外部布尔注销设备化（IntPtr句柄）；
[StructLayout（LayoutKind.Sequential）]
私有结构DevBroadcastDeviceinterface{
内部整数大小；
内部int设备类型；
保留内部int；
内部Guid类Guid；
内部简称；
}
}
调用
RegisterDeviceNotification标志40ClassGuidusing System.Runtime.InteropServices;
//Put all of the following code inside your Form's partial class:
private struct DEV_BROADCAST_HDR {
internal UInt32 dbch_size;
internal UInt32 dbch_devicetype;
internal UInt32 dbch_reserved;
};
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m) {
base.WndProc(ref m); //This allows window default behavior of base class to be executed
if (m.Msg == 0x0219) { //WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x0219
DEV_BROADCAST_HDR dbh;
switch ((int)m.WParam) {
case 0x8000: //DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000
dbh = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR)Marshal.PtrToStructure(m.LParam, typeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR));
if (dbh.dbch_devicetype == 0x00000003) { //DBT_DEVTYP_PORT = 0x00000003
Console.WriteLine("Port added!");
//TODO
}
break;
case 0x8004: //DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004
dbh = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR)Marshal.PtrToStructure(m.LParam, typeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR));
if (dbh.dbch_devicetype == 0x00000003) { //DBT_DEVTYP_PORT = 0x00000003
Console.WriteLine("Port removed!");
//TODO
}
break;
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
private enum WM_DEVICECHANGE
{
// full list: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devio/wm-devicechange
DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000, // A device or piece of media has been inserted and is now available.
DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004, // A device or piece of media has been removed.
}
private int WmDevicechange = 0x0219; // device change event
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
base.WndProc(ref m); //This allows window default behavior of base class to be executed
if (m.Msg == WmDevicechange)
{
switch ((WM_DEVICECHANGE)m.WParam)
{
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
Console.WriteLine("USB Device removed");
break;
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
Console.WriteLine("USB Device added");
break;
}
}
}
这里是更好的版本，因为它可以获取端口名。 对于DBT_DEVTYP_PORT设备类型，lParam指向DEV_BROADCAST_PORT，该端口包含DEV_BROADCAST_HDR，然后以Unicode命名要删除或添加的设备，以零结尾
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
switch ((WndMessage) m.Msg)
{
case WndMessage.WM_DEVICECHANGE:
DEV_BROADCAST_HDR dbh;
switch ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) m.WParam)
{
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
dbh = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR) Marshal.PtrToStructure(m.LParam, typeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR));
if ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) dbh.dbch_devicetype == WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVTYP_PORT)
{
var portNameBytes = new byte[dbh.dbch_size - (int) WM_DEVICECHANGE.SIZE_OF_DBH];
Marshal.Copy(m.LParam + (int) WM_DEVICECHANGE.SIZE_OF_DBH, portNameBytes, 0, portNameBytes.Length);
string portName = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(portNameBytes).TrimEnd('\0');
if (portName == Settings.Instance.PortName)
{
if ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) m.WParam == WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE)
{
if (!_port.IsOpen)
{
ClosePort();
}
}
else
{
BeginInvoke((Action) (() => OpenPort()));
}
}
}
break;
}
break;
}
base.WndProc(ref m);
}
public enum WndMessage
{
WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x0219, // device change event
}
public enum WM_DEVICECHANGE
{
// full list: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devio/wm-devicechange
DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000, // A device or piece of media has been inserted and is now available.
DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004, // A device or piece of media has been removed.
DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000005, // Class of devices. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_HANDLE = 0x00000006, // File system handle. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_HANDLE structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_OEM = 0x00000000, // OEM- or IHV-defined device type. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_OEM structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_PORT = 0x00000003, // Port device (serial or parallel). This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_PORT structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_VOLUME = 0x00000002, // Logical volume. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME structure.
SIZE_OF_DBH = 12, // sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR)
}
public struct DEV_BROADCAST_HDR
{
internal UInt32 dbch_size;
internal UInt32 dbch_devicetype;
internal UInt32 dbch_reserved;
};
如果没有窗口，则需要创建一个窗口。A工作得很好。您可以在WinForms中使用！！这很有效。我要把这个作为答案。现在我有了一些有效的东西，深入研究和理解它是如何工作的就容易多了。：）不过我有个问题。有没有办法获取添加的设备的相关信息？如产品ID或供应商ID？如何在windows服务上处理设备更改？请你解释一下。这个代码有效，但我得到了两次回调。。。如何避免这种情况？关于“IntPtr buffer”的问题，在调用RegisterDeviceNotification（）之后，是否应该调用Marshal.FreeHGlobal（buffer）？如果不释放“buffer”，是否会出现内存泄漏？我刚刚使用此代码作为检测到音频设备被删除的基础。但是，我注意到，对于移除的设备类中的每个设备，都会调用处理程序。所以我有11个音频设备，我拔下一个设备，导致它被调用11次。这是预期的行为吗？@Jammer，这可能发生，因为所有设备都属于同一类别，并且音频设备有使用优先级。如果一个被删除了，所有的人都必须刷新才能得到新的序列。我在DEV#u BROADCAST#HDR中的字段周围添加了
#pragma warning disable CS0649#pragma warning restoreusing System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
private enum WM_DEVICECHANGE
{
// full list: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devio/wm-devicechange
DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000, // A device or piece of media has been inserted and is now available.
DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004, // A device or piece of media has been removed.
}
private int WmDevicechange = 0x0219; // device change event
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
base.WndProc(ref m); //This allows window default behavior of base class to be executed
if (m.Msg == WmDevicechange)
{
switch ((WM_DEVICECHANGE)m.WParam)
{
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
Console.WriteLine("USB Device removed");
break;
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
Console.WriteLine("USB Device added");
break;
}
}
}
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
switch ((WndMessage) m.Msg)
{
case WndMessage.WM_DEVICECHANGE:
DEV_BROADCAST_HDR dbh;
switch ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) m.WParam)
{
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
case WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
dbh = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR) Marshal.PtrToStructure(m.LParam, typeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR));
if ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) dbh.dbch_devicetype == WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVTYP_PORT)
{
var portNameBytes = new byte[dbh.dbch_size - (int) WM_DEVICECHANGE.SIZE_OF_DBH];
Marshal.Copy(m.LParam + (int) WM_DEVICECHANGE.SIZE_OF_DBH, portNameBytes, 0, portNameBytes.Length);
string portName = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(portNameBytes).TrimEnd('\0');
if (portName == Settings.Instance.PortName)
{
if ((WM_DEVICECHANGE) m.WParam == WM_DEVICECHANGE.DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE)
{
if (!_port.IsOpen)
{
ClosePort();
}
}
else
{
BeginInvoke((Action) (() => OpenPort()));
}
}
}
break;
}
break;
}
base.WndProc(ref m);
}
public enum WndMessage
{
WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x0219, // device change event
}
public enum WM_DEVICECHANGE
{
// full list: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devio/wm-devicechange
DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000, // A device or piece of media has been inserted and is now available.
DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004, // A device or piece of media has been removed.
DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000005, // Class of devices. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_HANDLE = 0x00000006, // File system handle. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_HANDLE structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_OEM = 0x00000000, // OEM- or IHV-defined device type. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_OEM structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_PORT = 0x00000003, // Port device (serial or parallel). This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_PORT structure.
DBT_DEVTYP_VOLUME = 0x00000002, // Logical volume. This structure is a DEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME structure.
SIZE_OF_DBH = 12, // sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_HDR)
}
public struct DEV_BROADCAST_HDR
{
internal UInt32 dbch_size;
internal UInt32 dbch_devicetype;
internal UInt32 dbch_reserved;
};