Go init()函数什么时候运行?

Go init()函数什么时候运行?,go,init,Go,Init,我试图找到一个关于init()函数在Go中的作用的精确解释。我读了上面的内容,但我不确定是否完全理解了上面的内容。我不确定的确切句子如下: finally意味着finally:在包中的所有变量声明都已对其初始值设定项求值之后调用init,并且只有在所有导入的包都已初始化之后才对其求值 包中的所有变量声明都对其初始值设定项进行了求值,这意味着什么?这是否意味着如果您在包及其文件中声明“全局”变量,init()将不会运行,直到对所有变量求值,然后在运行/main_file_name时运行所有init

我试图找到一个关于
init()
函数在Go中的作用的精确解释。我读了上面的内容,但我不确定是否完全理解了上面的内容。我不确定的确切句子如下:

finally意味着finally:在包中的所有变量声明都已对其初始值设定项求值之后调用init,并且只有在所有导入的包都已初始化之后才对其求值

包中的所有变量声明都对其初始值设定项进行了求值,这意味着什么?这是否意味着如果您在包及其文件中声明“全局”变量,init()将不会运行,直到对所有变量求值,然后在运行/main_file_name时运行所有init函数,然后运行main()

我还读了马克·萨默菲尔德的围棋书,内容如下:

如果一个包有一个或多个init()函数,则在调用主包的main()函数之前会自动执行这些函数

在我的理解中,
init()
仅在您打算运行main()时才相关,对吗?或者主包。任何人都能更准确地理解
init()
请随时纠正我

是,假设您有:

AnswerToLife()
保证在调用
init()
之前运行,而
init()
保证在调用
main()
之前运行

请记住,
init()
总是被调用的,不管是否有main,因此如果您导入一个具有
init
函数的包,它将被执行

此外,每个包可以有多个
init()
函数;它们将按照文件中显示的顺序执行(当然,在初始化所有变量之后)。如果它们跨越多个文件,它们将按词法文件名顺序执行(如所指出的):

似乎
init()
函数是按词法文件名顺序执行的。Go规范说“鼓励构建系统以词法文件名的顺序向编译器呈现属于同一个包的多个文件”。似乎
go build
就是这样工作的


许多内部Go软件包使用
init()
初始化表等,例如一些要添加的内容(我本来会添加这些内容作为注释,但在撰写本文时我还没有足够的声誉)

在同一个包中有多个init,我还没有找到任何有保证的方法来知道它们的运行顺序。例如,我有:

package config
    - config.go
    - router.go
config.go
router.go
都包含
init()
函数,但在运行
router.go
时,它的函数首先运行(这导致我的应用程序死机)

如果您有多个文件,每个文件都有自己的
init()
函数,请务必注意,不能保证一个文件先于另一个文件。最好使用变量赋值,如他的示例所示。最好的部分是:这个变量声明将发生在包中所有
init()函数之前

例如 config.go:

var ConfigSuccess = configureApplication()

func init() {
    doSomething()
}

func configureApplication() bool {
    l4g.Info("Configuring application...")
    if valid := loadCommandLineFlags(); !valid {
        l4g.Critical("Failed to load Command Line Flags")
        return false
    }
    return true
}
router.go:

func init() {
    var (
        rwd string
        tmp string
        ok  bool
    )
    if metapath, ok := Config["fs"]["metapath"].(string); ok {
        var err error
        Conn, err = services.NewConnection(metapath + "/metadata.db")
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
    }
}
无论
var ConfigSuccess=configureApplication()
是否存在于
router.go
config.go
中,它都将在运行
init()
之前运行。

程序初始化在单个goroutine中运行,但该goroutine可能会创建其他并发运行的goroutine

如果包p导入包q,则q的init函数在任何p的开始之前完成

函数main.main在所有init函数完成后启动


以您为其他用户设计的框架或库为例,这些用户最终将在其代码中具有
主功能
,以便执行其应用程序。如果用户直接导入库项目的子包,那么首先将调用该子包的
init
一次)。库的根包也是如此,等等

很多时候,您可能希望在不存在
main func的情况下直接执行或不执行代码块

如果您作为虚拟库的开发人员,导入库的子包,该子包具有
init
函数,它将首先被调用,并且一次,您没有
main func
,但您需要确保在调用其他函数之前初始化一些变量或表

一件值得记住且不必担心的好事是: 每个应用程序始终执行一次
init

init
执行发生:

  • 就在“调用者”包的
    init
    函数之前
  • 在(可选)主函数
  • 之前
  • 但是在包级别变量之后,
    var=[…]或cost=[…]
  • 导入包时,它将按顺序运行其所有init函数

    我将给出一个非常好的init函数示例。它将mime类型添加到名为
    mime
    的标准go库中,包级函数将直接使用
    mime
    标准包获取已在其
    init
    函数中初始化的自定义mime类型:

    package mime
    
    import (
        "mime"
        "path/filepath"
    )
    
    var types = map[string]string{
        ".3dm":       "x-world/x-3dmf",
        ".3dmf":      "x-world/x-3dmf",
        ".7z":        "application/x-7z-compressed",
        ".a":         "application/octet-stream",
        ".aab":       "application/x-authorware-bin",
        ".aam":       "application/x-authorware-map",
        ".aas":       "application/x-authorware-seg",
        ".abc":       "text/vndabc",
        ".ace":       "application/x-ace-compressed",
        ".acgi":      "text/html",
        ".afl":       "video/animaflex",
        ".ai":        "application/postscript",
        ".aif":       "audio/aiff",
        ".aifc":      "audio/aiff",
        ".aiff":      "audio/aiff",
        ".aim":       "application/x-aim",
        ".aip":       "text/x-audiosoft-intra",
        ".alz":       "application/x-alz-compressed",
        ".ani":       "application/x-navi-animation",
        ".aos":       "application/x-nokia-9000-communicator-add-on-software",
        ".aps":       "application/mime",
        ".apk":       "application/vnd.android.package-archive",
        ".arc":       "application/x-arc-compressed",
        ".arj":       "application/arj",
        ".art":       "image/x-jg",
        ".asf":       "video/x-ms-asf",
        ".asm":       "text/x-asm",
        ".asp":       "text/asp",
        ".asx":       "application/x-mplayer2",
        ".au":        "audio/basic",
        ".avi":       "video/x-msvideo",
        ".avs":       "video/avs-video",
        ".bcpio":     "application/x-bcpio",
        ".bin":       "application/mac-binary",
        ".bmp":       "image/bmp",
        ".boo":       "application/book",
        ".book":      "application/book",
        ".boz":       "application/x-bzip2",
        ".bsh":       "application/x-bsh",
        ".bz2":       "application/x-bzip2",
        ".bz":        "application/x-bzip",
        ".c++":       "text/plain",
        ".c":         "text/x-c",
        ".cab":       "application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed",
        ".cat":       "application/vndms-pkiseccat",
        ".cc":        "text/x-c",
        ".ccad":      "application/clariscad",
        ".cco":       "application/x-cocoa",
        ".cdf":       "application/cdf",
        ".cer":       "application/pkix-cert",
        ".cha":       "application/x-chat",
        ".chat":      "application/x-chat",
        ".chrt":      "application/vnd.kde.kchart",
        ".class":     "application/java",
        ".com":       "text/plain",
        ".conf":      "text/plain",
        ".cpio":      "application/x-cpio",
        ".cpp":       "text/x-c",
        ".cpt":       "application/mac-compactpro",
        ".crl":       "application/pkcs-crl",
        ".crt":       "application/pkix-cert",
        ".crx":       "application/x-chrome-extension",
        ".csh":       "text/x-scriptcsh",
        ".css":       "text/css",
        ".csv":       "text/csv",
        ".cxx":       "text/plain",
        ".dar":       "application/x-dar",
        ".dcr":       "application/x-director",
        ".deb":       "application/x-debian-package",
        ".deepv":     "application/x-deepv",
        ".def":       "text/plain",
        ".der":       "application/x-x509-ca-cert",
        ".dif":       "video/x-dv",
        ".dir":       "application/x-director",
        ".divx":      "video/divx",
        ".dl":        "video/dl",
        ".dmg":       "application/x-apple-diskimage",
        ".doc":       "application/msword",
        ".dot":       "application/msword",
        ".dp":        "application/commonground",
        ".drw":       "application/drafting",
        ".dump":      "application/octet-stream",
        ".dv":        "video/x-dv",
        ".dvi":       "application/x-dvi",
        ".dwf":       "drawing/x-dwf=(old)",
        ".dwg":       "application/acad",
        ".dxf":       "application/dxf",
        ".dxr":       "application/x-director",
        ".el":        "text/x-scriptelisp",
        ".elc":       "application/x-bytecodeelisp=(compiled=elisp)",
        ".eml":       "message/rfc822",
        ".env":       "application/x-envoy",
        ".eps":       "application/postscript",
        ".es":        "application/x-esrehber",
        ".etx":       "text/x-setext",
        ".evy":       "application/envoy",
        ".exe":       "application/octet-stream",
        ".f77":       "text/x-fortran",
        ".f90":       "text/x-fortran",
        ".f":         "text/x-fortran",
        ".fdf":       "application/vndfdf",
        ".fif":       "application/fractals",
        ".fli":       "video/fli",
        ".flo":       "image/florian",
        ".flv":       "video/x-flv",
        ".flx":       "text/vndfmiflexstor",
        ".fmf":       "video/x-atomic3d-feature",
        ".for":       "text/x-fortran",
        ".fpx":       "image/vndfpx",
        ".frl":       "application/freeloader",
        ".funk":      "audio/make",
        ".g3":        "image/g3fax",
        ".g":         "text/plain",
        ".gif":       "image/gif",
        ".gl":        "video/gl",
        ".gsd":       "audio/x-gsm",
        ".gsm":       "audio/x-gsm",
        ".gsp":       "application/x-gsp",
        ".gss":       "application/x-gss",
        ".gtar":      "application/x-gtar",
        ".gz":        "application/x-compressed",
        ".gzip":      "application/x-gzip",
        ".h":         "text/x-h",
        ".hdf":       "application/x-hdf",
        ".help":      "application/x-helpfile",
        ".hgl":       "application/vndhp-hpgl",
        ".hh":        "text/x-h",
        ".hlb":       "text/x-script",
        ".hlp":       "application/hlp",
        ".hpg":       "application/vndhp-hpgl",
        ".hpgl":      "application/vndhp-hpgl",
        ".hqx":       "application/binhex",
        ".hta":       "application/hta",
        ".htc":       "text/x-component",
        ".htm":       "text/html",
        ".html":      "text/html",
        ".htmls":     "text/html",
        ".htt":       "text/webviewhtml",
        ".htx":       "text/html",
        ".ice":       "x-conference/x-cooltalk",
        ".ico":       "image/x-icon",
        ".ics":       "text/calendar",
        ".icz":       "text/calendar",
        ".idc":       "text/plain",
        ".ief":       "image/ief",
        ".iefs":      "image/ief",
        ".iges":      "application/iges",
        ".igs":       "application/iges",
        ".ima":       "application/x-ima",
        ".imap":      "application/x-httpd-imap",
        ".inf":       "application/inf",
        ".ins":       "application/x-internett-signup",
        ".ip":        "application/x-ip2",
        ".isu":       "video/x-isvideo",
        ".it":        "audio/it",
        ".iv":        "application/x-inventor",
        ".ivr":       "i-world/i-vrml",
        ".ivy":       "application/x-livescreen",
        ".jam":       "audio/x-jam",
        ".jav":       "text/x-java-source",
        ".java":      "text/x-java-source",
        ".jcm":       "application/x-java-commerce",
        ".jfif-tbnl": "image/jpeg",
        ".jfif":      "image/jpeg",
        ".jnlp":      "application/x-java-jnlp-file",
        ".jpe":       "image/jpeg",
        ".jpeg":      "image/jpeg",
        ".jpg":       "image/jpeg",
        ".jps":       "image/x-jps",
        ".js":        "application/javascript",
        ".json":      "application/json",
        ".jut":       "image/jutvision",
        ".kar":       "audio/midi",
        ".karbon":    "application/vnd.kde.karbon",
        ".kfo":       "application/vnd.kde.kformula",
        ".flw":       "application/vnd.kde.kivio",
        ".kml":       "application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml",
        ".kmz":       "application/vnd.google-earth.kmz",
        ".kon":       "application/vnd.kde.kontour",
        ".kpr":       "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter",
        ".kpt":       "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter",
        ".ksp":       "application/vnd.kde.kspread",
        ".kwd":       "application/vnd.kde.kword",
        ".kwt":       "application/vnd.kde.kword",
        ".ksh":       "text/x-scriptksh",
        ".la":        "audio/nspaudio",
        ".lam":       "audio/x-liveaudio",
        ".latex":     "application/x-latex",
        ".lha":       "application/lha",
        ".lhx":       "application/octet-stream",
        ".list":      "text/plain",
        ".lma":       "audio/nspaudio",
        ".log":       "text/plain",
        ".lsp":       "text/x-scriptlisp",
        ".lst":       "text/plain",
        ".lsx":       "text/x-la-asf",
        ".ltx":       "application/x-latex",
        ".lzh":       "application/octet-stream",
        ".lzx":       "application/lzx",
        ".m1v":       "video/mpeg",
        ".m2a":       "audio/mpeg",
        ".m2v":       "video/mpeg",
        ".m3u":       "audio/x-mpegurl",
        ".m":         "text/x-m",
        ".man":       "application/x-troff-man",
        ".manifest":  "text/cache-manifest",
        ".map":       "application/x-navimap",
        ".mar":       "text/plain",
        ".mbd":       "application/mbedlet",
        ".mc$":       "application/x-magic-cap-package-10",
        ".mcd":       "application/mcad",
        ".mcf":       "text/mcf",
        ".mcp":       "application/netmc",
        ".me":        "application/x-troff-me",
        ".mht":       "message/rfc822",
        ".mhtml":     "message/rfc822",
        ".mid":       "application/x-midi",
        ".midi":      "application/x-midi",
        ".mif":       "application/x-frame",
        ".mime":      "message/rfc822",
        ".mjf":       "audio/x-vndaudioexplosionmjuicemediafile",
        ".mjpg":      "video/x-motion-jpeg",
        ".mm":        "application/base64",
        ".mme":       "application/base64",
        ".mod":       "audio/mod",
        ".moov":      "video/quicktime",
        ".mov":       "video/quicktime",
        ".movie":     "video/x-sgi-movie",
        ".mp2":       "audio/mpeg",
        ".mp3":       "audio/mpeg3",
        ".mp4":       "video/mp4",
        ".mpa":       "audio/mpeg",
        ".mpc":       "application/x-project",
        ".mpe":       "video/mpeg",
        ".mpeg":      "video/mpeg",
        ".mpg":       "video/mpeg",
        ".mpga":      "audio/mpeg",
        ".mpp":       "application/vndms-project",
        ".mpt":       "application/x-project",
        ".mpv":       "application/x-project",
        ".mpx":       "application/x-project",
        ".mrc":       "application/marc",
        ".ms":        "application/x-troff-ms",
        ".mv":        "video/x-sgi-movie",
        ".my":        "audio/make",
        ".mzz":       "application/x-vndaudioexplosionmzz",
        ".nap":       "image/naplps",
        ".naplps":    "image/naplps",
        ".nc":        "application/x-netcdf",
        ".ncm":       "application/vndnokiaconfiguration-message",
        ".nif":       "image/x-niff",
        ".niff":      "image/x-niff",
        ".nix":       "application/x-mix-transfer",
        ".nsc":       "application/x-conference",
        ".nvd":       "application/x-navidoc",
        ".o":         "application/octet-stream",
        ".oda":       "application/oda",
        ".odb":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database",
        ".odc":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart",
        ".odf":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula",
        ".odg":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics",
        ".odi":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image",
        ".odm":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master",
        ".odp":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation",
        ".ods":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet",
        ".odt":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text",
        ".oga":       "audio/ogg",
        ".ogg":       "audio/ogg",
        ".ogv":       "video/ogg",
        ".omc":       "application/x-omc",
        ".omcd":      "application/x-omcdatamaker",
        ".omcr":      "application/x-omcregerator",
        ".otc":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template",
        ".otf":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula-template",
        ".otg":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template",
        ".oth":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web",
        ".oti":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image-template",
        ".otm":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master",
        ".otp":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template",
        ".ots":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template",
        ".ott":       "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template",
        ".p10":       "application/pkcs10",
        ".p12":       "application/pkcs-12",
        ".p7a":       "application/x-pkcs7-signature",
        ".p7c":       "application/pkcs7-mime",
        ".p7m":       "application/pkcs7-mime",
        ".p7r":       "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp",
        ".p7s":       "application/pkcs7-signature",
        ".p":         "text/x-pascal",
        ".part":      "application/pro_eng",
        ".pas":       "text/pascal",
        ".pbm":       "image/x-portable-bitmap",
        ".pcl":       "application/vndhp-pcl",
        ".pct":       "image/x-pict",
        ".pcx":       "image/x-pcx",
        ".pdb":       "chemical/x-pdb",
        ".pdf":       "application/pdf",
        ".pfunk":     "audio/make",
        ".pgm":       "image/x-portable-graymap",
        ".pic":       "image/pict",
        ".pict":      "image/pict",
        ".pkg":       "application/x-newton-compatible-pkg",
        ".pko":       "application/vndms-pkipko",
        ".pl":        "text/x-scriptperl",
        ".plx":       "application/x-pixclscript",
        ".pm4":       "application/x-pagemaker",
        ".pm5":       "application/x-pagemaker",
        ".pm":        "text/x-scriptperl-module",
        ".png":       "image/png",
        ".pnm":       "application/x-portable-anymap",
        ".pot":       "application/mspowerpoint",
        ".pov":       "model/x-pov",
        ".ppa":       "application/vndms-powerpoint",
        ".ppm":       "image/x-portable-pixmap",
        ".pps":       "application/mspowerpoint",
        ".ppt":       "application/mspowerpoint",
        ".ppz":       "application/mspowerpoint",
        ".pre":       "application/x-freelance",
        ".prt":       "application/pro_eng",
        ".ps":        "application/postscript",
        ".psd":       "application/octet-stream",
        ".pvu":       "paleovu/x-pv",
        ".pwz":       "application/vndms-powerpoint",
        ".py":        "text/x-scriptphyton",
        ".pyc":       "application/x-bytecodepython",
        ".qcp":       "audio/vndqcelp",
        ".qd3":       "x-world/x-3dmf",
        ".qd3d":      "x-world/x-3dmf",
        ".qif":       "image/x-quicktime",
        ".qt":        "video/quicktime",
        ".qtc":       "video/x-qtc",
        ".qti":       "image/x-quicktime",
        ".qtif":      "image/x-quicktime",
        ".ra":        "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
        ".ram":       "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
        ".rar":       "application/x-rar-compressed",
        ".ras":       "application/x-cmu-raster",
        ".rast":      "image/cmu-raster",
        ".rexx":      "text/x-scriptrexx",
        ".rf":        "image/vndrn-realflash",
        ".rgb":       "image/x-rgb",
        ".rm":        "application/vndrn-realmedia",
        ".rmi":       "audio/mid",
        ".rmm":       "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
        ".rmp":       "audio/x-pn-realaudio",
        ".rng":       "application/ringing-tones",
        ".rnx":       "application/vndrn-realplayer",
        ".roff":      "application/x-troff",
        ".rp":        "image/vndrn-realpix",
        ".rpm":       "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin",
        ".rt":        "text/vndrn-realtext",
        ".rtf":       "text/richtext",
        ".rtx":       "text/richtext",
        ".rv":        "video/vndrn-realvideo",
        ".s":         "text/x-asm",
        ".s3m":       "audio/s3m",
        ".s7z":       "application/x-7z-compressed",
        ".saveme":    "application/octet-stream",
        ".sbk":       "application/x-tbook",
        ".scm":       "text/x-scriptscheme",
        ".sdml":      "text/plain",
        ".sdp":       "application/sdp",
        ".sdr":       "application/sounder",
        ".sea":       "application/sea",
        ".set":       "application/set",
        ".sgm":       "text/x-sgml",
        ".sgml":      "text/x-sgml",
        ".sh":        "text/x-scriptsh",
        ".shar":      "application/x-bsh",
        ".shtml":     "text/x-server-parsed-html",
        ".sid":       "audio/x-psid",
        ".skd":       "application/x-koan",
        ".skm":       "application/x-koan",
        ".skp":       "application/x-koan",
        ".skt":       "application/x-koan",
        ".sit":       "application/x-stuffit",
        ".sitx":      "application/x-stuffitx",
        ".sl":        "application/x-seelogo",
        ".smi":       "application/smil",
        ".smil":      "application/smil",
        ".snd":       "audio/basic",
        ".sol":       "application/solids",
        ".spc":       "text/x-speech",
        ".spl":       "application/futuresplash",
        ".spr":       "application/x-sprite",
        ".sprite":    "application/x-sprite",
        ".spx":       "audio/ogg",
        ".src":       "application/x-wais-source",
        ".ssi":       "text/x-server-parsed-html",
        ".ssm":       "application/streamingmedia",
        ".sst":       "application/vndms-pkicertstore",
        ".step":      "application/step",
        ".stl":       "application/sla",
        ".stp":       "application/step",
        ".sv4cpio":   "application/x-sv4cpio",
        ".sv4crc":    "application/x-sv4crc",
        ".svf":       "image/vnddwg",
        ".svg":       "image/svg+xml",
        ".svr":       "application/x-world",
        ".swf":       "application/x-shockwave-flash",
        ".t":         "application/x-troff",
        ".talk":      "text/x-speech",
        ".tar":       "application/x-tar",
        ".tbk":       "application/toolbook",
        ".tcl":       "text/x-scripttcl",
        ".tcsh":      "text/x-scripttcsh",
        ".tex":       "application/x-tex",
        ".texi":      "application/x-texinfo",
        ".texinfo":   "application/x-texinfo",
        ".text":      "text/plain",
        ".tgz":       "application/gnutar",
        ".tif":       "image/tiff",
        ".tiff":      "image/tiff",
        ".tr":        "application/x-troff",
        ".tsi":       "audio/tsp-audio",
        ".tsp":       "application/dsptype",
        ".tsv":       "text/tab-separated-values",
        ".turbot":    "image/florian",
        ".txt":       "text/plain",
        ".uil":       "text/x-uil",
        ".uni":       "text/uri-list",
        ".unis":      "text/uri-list",
        ".unv":       "application/i-deas",
        ".uri":       "text/uri-list",
        ".uris":      "text/uri-list",
        ".ustar":     "application/x-ustar",
        ".uu":        "text/x-uuencode",
        ".uue":       "text/x-uuencode",
        ".vcd":       "application/x-cdlink",
        ".vcf":       "text/x-vcard",
        ".vcard":     "text/x-vcard",
        ".vcs":       "text/x-vcalendar",
        ".vda":       "application/vda",
        ".vdo":       "video/vdo",
        ".vew":       "application/groupwise",
        ".viv":       "video/vivo",
        ".vivo":      "video/vivo",
        ".vmd":       "application/vocaltec-media-desc",
        ".vmf":       "application/vocaltec-media-file",
        ".voc":       "audio/voc",
        ".vos":       "video/vosaic",
        ".vox":       "audio/voxware",
        ".vqe":       "audio/x-twinvq-plugin",
        ".vqf":       "audio/x-twinvq",
        ".vql":       "audio/x-twinvq-plugin",
        ".vrml":      "application/x-vrml",
        ".vrt":       "x-world/x-vrt",
        ".vsd":       "application/x-visio",
        ".vst":       "application/x-visio",
        ".vsw":       "application/x-visio",
        ".w60":       "application/wordperfect60",
        ".w61":       "application/wordperfect61",
        ".w6w":       "application/msword",
        ".wav":       "audio/wav",
        ".wb1":       "application/x-qpro",
        ".wbmp":      "image/vnd.wap.wbmp",
        ".web":       "application/vndxara",
        ".wiz":       "application/msword",
        ".wk1":       "application/x-123",
        ".wmf":       "windows/metafile",
        ".wml":       "text/vnd.wap.wml",
        ".wmlc":      "application/vnd.wap.wmlc",
        ".wmls":      "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript",
        ".wmlsc":     "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc",
        ".word":      "application/msword",
        ".wp5":       "application/wordperfect",
        ".wp6":       "application/wordperfect",
        ".wp":        "application/wordperfect",
        ".wpd":       "application/wordperfect",
        ".wq1":       "application/x-lotus",
        ".wri":       "application/mswrite",
        ".wrl":       "application/x-world",
        ".wrz":       "model/vrml",
        ".wsc":       "text/scriplet",
        ".wsrc":      "application/x-wais-source",
        ".wtk":       "application/x-wintalk",
        ".x-png":     "image/png",
        ".xbm":       "image/x-xbitmap",
        ".xdr":       "video/x-amt-demorun",
        ".xgz":       "xgl/drawing",
        ".xif":       "image/vndxiff",
        ".xl":        "application/excel",
        ".xla":       "application/excel",
        ".xlb":       "application/excel",
        ".xlc":       "application/excel",
        ".xld":       "application/excel",
        ".xlk":       "application/excel",
        ".xll":       "application/excel",
        ".xlm":       "application/excel",
        ".xls":       "application/excel",
        ".xlt":       "application/excel",
        ".xlv":       "application/excel",
        ".xlw":       "application/excel",
        ".xm":        "audio/xm",
        ".xml":       "text/xml",
        ".xmz":       "xgl/movie",
        ".xpix":      "application/x-vndls-xpix",
        ".xpm":       "image/x-xpixmap",
        ".xsr":       "video/x-amt-showrun",
        ".xwd":       "image/x-xwd",
        ".xyz":       "chemical/x-pdb",
        ".z":         "application/x-compress",
        ".zip":       "application/zip",
        ".zoo":       "application/octet-stream",
        ".zsh":       "text/x-scriptzsh",
        ".docx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
        ".docm":      "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12",
        ".dotx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template",
        ".dotm":      "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12",
        ".xlsx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
        ".xlsm":      "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12",
        ".xltx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template",
        ".xltm":      "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12",
        ".xlsb":      "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12",
        ".xlam":      "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12",
        ".pptx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",
        ".pptm":      "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12",
        ".ppsx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow",
        ".ppsm":      "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12",
        ".potx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template",
        ".potm":      "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12",
        ".ppam":      "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12",
        ".sldx":      "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide",
        ".sldm":      "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12",
        ".thmx":      "application/vnd.ms-officetheme",
        ".onetoc":    "application/onenote",
        ".onetoc2":   "application/onenote",
        ".onetmp":    "application/onenote",
        ".onepkg":    "application/onenote",
        ".xpi":       "application/x-xpinstall",
    }
    
    func init() {
        for ext, typ := range types {
            // skip errors
            mime.AddExtensionType(ext, typ)
        }
    }
    
    // typeByExtension returns the MIME type associated with the file extension ext.
    // The extension ext should begin with a leading dot, as in ".html".
    // When ext has no associated type, typeByExtension returns "".
    //
    // Extensions are looked up first case-sensitively, then case-insensitively.
    //
    // The built-in table is small but on unix it is augmented by the local
    // system's mime.types file(s) if available under one or more of these
    // names:
    //
    //   /etc/mime.types
    //   /etc/apache2/mime.types
    //   /etc/apache/mime.types
    //
    // On Windows, MIME types are extracted from the registry.
    //
    // Text types have the charset parameter set to "utf-8" by default.
    func TypeByExtension(fullfilename string) string {
        ext := filepath.Ext(fullfilename)
        typ := mime.TypeByExtension(ext)
    
        // mime.TypeByExtension returns as text/plain; | charset=utf-8 the static .js (not always)
        if ext == ".js" && (typ == "text/plain" || typ == "text/plain; charset=utf-8") {
    
            if ext == ".js" {
                typ = "application/javascript"
            }
        }
        return typ
    }
    

    希望这对您和其他用户有所帮助,如果您有更多问题,请不要犹豫再次发布

    init func首先运行,然后运行main。它用于在程序运行之前先设置一些内容,例如:

    访问模板, 使用所有内核运行程序,
    检查Goos和arch等。

    init
    将在使用其包的任何地方调用(无论是空白导入还是导入),但仅调用一次

    这是一个包:

    package demo
    
    import (
        "some/logs"
    )
    
    var count int
    
    func init() {
        logs.Debug(count)
    }
    
    // Do do
    func Do() {
        logs.Debug("dd")
    }
    
    任何包(主包或任何测试包
    package demo
    
    import (
        "some/logs"
    )
    
    var count int
    
    func init() {
        logs.Debug(count)
    }
    
    // Do do
    func Do() {
        logs.Debug("dd")
    }
    
    _ "printfcoder.com/we/models/demo"
    
    "printfcoder.com/we/models/demo"
    
    func someFunc(){
       demo.Do()
    }
    
    package main
    
    import (
        "fmt"
    )
    
    func callOut() int {
        fmt.Println("Outside is beinge executed")
        return 1
    }
    
    var test = callOut()
    
    func init() {
        fmt.Println("Init3 is being executed")
    }
    
    func init() {
        fmt.Println("Init is being executed")
    }
    
    func init() {
        fmt.Println("Init2 is being executed")
    }
    
    func main() {
        fmt.Println("Do your thing !")
    }
    
    $ go run init/init.go
    Outside is being executed
    Init3 is being executed
    Init is being executed
    Init2 is being executed
    Do your thing !