If statement 如果是,那么杯子里的模棱两可

If statement 如果是,那么杯子里的模棱两可,if-statement,grammar,ambiguous-grammar,cup,If Statement,Grammar,Ambiguous Grammar,Cup,我正在CUP中构建语法,在定义IF-THEN-ELSE语句时遇到了障碍 我的代码如下所示: start with statements; /* Top level statements */ statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ; statement ::= if_statement | block | while_statement | declaration | assignment ; block

我正在CUP中构建语法,在定义IF-THEN-ELSE语句时遇到了障碍

我的代码如下所示:

start with statements;

/* Top level statements */
statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;
statement  ::= if_statement | block | while_statement | declaration | assignment ;
block        ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK ;

/* Control statements */
if_statement    ::= IF    expression THEN statement
                  | IF    expression THEN statement ELSE statement ;
while_statement ::= WHILE expression THEN statement ;
但CUP工具抱怨if_声明定义的模糊性

我发现了如何在不引入endif标记的情况下消除歧义

因此,我尝试调整他们的解决方案:

start with statements;

statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;

statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | non_if_statement ;

then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 

// The statement vs then_statement is for disambiguation purposes
// Solution taken from http://goldparser.org/doc/grammars/example-if-then-else.htm

non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK  // code block
                   | WHILE expression statement        // while statement
                   | declaration | assignment ;
可悲的是,CUP抱怨如下:

Warning : *** Reduce/Reduce conflict found in state #57
  between statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  and     then_statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  under symbols: {ELSE}
  Resolved in favor of the first production. 

为什么这不起作用?如何修复它?

这里的问题是if语句和while语句之间的交互,如果从非if语句中删除while语句,您可以看到这一点

问题在于while语句的目标可以是if语句,而while语句则可以位于另一个if语句的then子句中:

IF expression THEN WHILE expression IF expression THEN statement ELSE ...
现在我们对原始问题有了一个稍微不同的表现形式:末尾的else可能是嵌套if或外部if的一部分

解决方案是扩展链接中受限语句与非受限语句之间的区别,以包括两种不同类型的while语句:

statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | WHILE expression statement
             | non_if_statement ;

then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | WHILE expression then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 

non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK
                   | declaration | assignment ;
当然,如果您将语法扩展到包括其他类型的复合语句,例如for循环,那么您将不得不对它们中的每一个执行相同的操作