Java Spring、JPA、Hibernate、Tomcat：加载Spring应用程序上下文时找不到持久化单元

我有一个试图设置JPA的应用程序上下文：

应用程序上下文.xml：

<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">
    <property name="persistenceUnits">
        <map>
            <entry key="pu1" value="pu1" />
            <entry key="pu2" value="pu2" />
        </map>
    </property>
    <property name="defaultPersistenceUnitName" value="pu1" />
</bean>

<bean id="emf1" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
        <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
            <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
            <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
        </bean>
    </property>
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu1" />
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource1" />
</bean>

<bean id="emf2" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
        <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
            <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
            <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect" />
        </bean>
    </property>
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="pu2" />
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2" />
</bean>

<!-- Enable annotation style of managing transactions -->
<tx:annotation-driven />

<bean id="transactionManager1" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="emf1" />
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource1" />
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager2" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="emf2" />
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource2" />
</bean>

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
    <property name="locations">
        <list>
            <value>classpath:config/db/database.properties</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
    <property name="ignoreResourceNotFound" value="true" />
    <property name="systemPropertiesModeName" value="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE"/>  
</bean>

<!-- The actual config of the database is read from the properties file database.properties -->
<bean id="dataSource1" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"
    p:acquireIncrement="5" p:idleConnectionTestPeriod="14400" p:maxPoolSize="50" p:maxStatements="15"
    p:minPoolSize="5" p:testConnectionOnCheckout="true" p:preferredTestQuery="SELECT 4;"
    p:driverClass="${db.system1.driver}" p:jdbcUrl="${db.system1.url}" p:user="${db.system1.user}" p:password="${db.system1.password}" />

<bean id="dataSource2" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:acquireIncrement="5" p:idleConnectionTestPeriod="60" p:maxPoolSize="10"
    p:maxStatements="50" p:minPoolSize="3" p:testConnectionOnCheckout="true" p:preferredTestQuery="SELECT 4;"
    p:driverClass="${db.system2.driver}" p:jdbcUrl="${db.system2.url}" p:user="${db.system2.user}" p:password="${db.system2.password}" />

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.myapp.model.manager"/>

<persistence-unit name="pu1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <class>com.myapp.model.Address</class>
    <class>com.myapp.model.AgressoFile</class>
    <class>com.myapp.model.CustomerGroup</class>
    ...
</persistence-unit>

<persistence-unit name="pu2" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <class>com.myapp.model.CompetenceArea</class>
    <class>com.myapp.model.CompetenceAreaCategory</class>
    ...
</persistence-unit>

---

知道我做错了什么吗？

据我最近在同一个应用程序中设置2个EntityManager工厂的期限所知，@PersistenceUnit（unitName=“myPU”）根本不起作用

我建议注射EntityManager，而不是EntityManager工厂。这是很清楚的，因为您总是知道使用哪种EMF。指定正确的TransactionManager时也是如此

服务类别的更新代码：

@Service
public class CompetenceAreaManager 
{
    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "emf1")
    private EntityManager em;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Transactional(transactionManager="transactionManager1", readOnly=true)
    public List<CompetenceArea> getCompetenceAreas() 
    {
        List<CompetenceArea> competenceAreaList = null;
        Query q = em.createNamedQuery(CompetenceArea.FIND_ALL);
        competenceAreaList = q.getResultList();
        return competenceAreaList;
    }
}

@服务
公共类能力领域经理
{
@PersistenceContext（unitName=“emf1”）
私人实体管理者；
@抑制警告（“未选中”）
@事务性（transactionManager=“transactionManager1”，只读=true）
公共列表GetCompetencyAreas（）
{
列表能力AreaList=null；
Query q=em.createNamedQuery（competincearea.FIND_ALL）；
CompetencyAreaList=q.getResultList（）；
返回能力范围列表；
}
}

---

这种注入是安全的，因为Spring注入了EntityManager的代理，从而保证了线程安全

如果将PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor配置为persistenceUnits，则会通知PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor PU来自JNDI（正如setPersistenceUnits（）方法的javadoc所提到的）。堆栈跟踪实际上显示了失败的JNDI查找

由于您在application-context.xml中使用

，因此不需要声明PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，因为一个将自动注册，它通过读取位于类路径中的META-INF/persistence.xml文件来查找PUs，这实际上是您所期望的

您的配置应该如下所示：

persistence.xml保持不变

能力区域经理

正如Sergey Makarov提到的，只需将EntityManager注入@PersistenceContext，而不是将EntityManager工厂注入@PersistenceUnit。em是事务性的（因此绑定到线程，从而确保DAO的线程安全），您仍然可以使用unitName配置@PersistenceContext，以便指定em必须绑定到的PU

应用程序上下文.xml

只需删除PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessorbean的声明。文件的其余部分保持不变

---

我还没有尝试过您的特定配置（2个PUs），但我提到的配置是我一直使用的配置，并取得了成功。

谢谢您的回复！如果我将这些行从应用程序上下文移动到DispatherServlet的servlet上下文中，我的设置就会起作用：

。问题是我想把它们保存在应用程序上下文中。我想你需要用DispatcherServlet配置的描述更新你的帖子。嗯。。。坦率地说，我将DispatherServlet添加到应用程序中只是为了测试，以便了解如果将“组件扫描”移动到其上下文中会发生什么。它实际上与我发布的问题无关，因此我可能不会在这里发布配置，以免混淆读者。非常感谢您的回答和详细解释！它就像一个符咒

@Service
public class CompetenceAreaManager {

    @PersistenceUnit(unitName = "pu2")
    private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public List<CompetenceArea> getCompetenceAreas() {
        List<CompetenceArea> competenceAreaList = null;
        EntityManager em = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        Query q = em.createNamedQuery(CompetenceArea.FIND_ALL);
        competenceAreaList = q.getResultList();
        return competenceAreaList;
    }

    public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
        this.entityManagerFactory = entityManagerFactory;
    }
}

SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'competenceAreaManager': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not obtain EntityManagerFactory [pu2] from JNDI
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:343)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1122)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    ...
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not obtain EntityManagerFactory [pu2] from JNDI
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getPersistenceUnit(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.resolveEntityManagerFactory(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.getResourceToInject(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:637)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:150)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    ...
Caused by: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: Name [pu2] is not bound in this Context. Unable to find [pu2].
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:820)
    at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:168)
    at org.apache.naming.SelectorContext.lookup(SelectorContext.java:158)
    at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.jndi.JndiTemplate$1.doInContext(JndiTemplate.java:154)
    ...

@Service
public class CompetenceAreaManager 
{
    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "emf1")
    private EntityManager em;

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Transactional(transactionManager="transactionManager1", readOnly=true)
    public List<CompetenceArea> getCompetenceAreas() 
    {
        List<CompetenceArea> competenceAreaList = null;
        Query q = em.createNamedQuery(CompetenceArea.FIND_ALL);
        competenceAreaList = q.getResultList();
        return competenceAreaList;
    }
}