Java “当”时，如何更改当前播放器动画；“跳跃”；受压
我目前正在使用David Bracken的《Java游戏开发》一书，作为一个项目构建一个2D平台游戏。每个精灵的动画都是以这样一种方式完成的，即在程序运行时使其保持不变，但我希望能够在播放器按下“跳跃”时更改动画，以及在播放器静止时冻结动画或添加另一个动画。我绝对不是一个有经验的程序员，所以我为可怕的代码道歉，但希望它有点可读性 这是包含main方法的类Java “当”时，如何更改当前播放器动画；“跳跃”；受压,java,animation,2d,Java,Animation,2d,我目前正在使用David Bracken的《Java游戏开发》一书，作为一个项目构建一个2D平台游戏。每个精灵的动画都是以这样一种方式完成的，即在程序运行时使其保持不变，但我希望能够在播放器按下“跳跃”时更改动画，以及在播放器静止时冻结动画或添加另一个动画。我绝对不是一个有经验的程序员，所以我为可怕的代码道歉，但希望它有点可读性 这是包含main方法的类 package tilegame; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; i
package tilegame;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
import javax.sound.sampled.Clip;
import graphics.*;
import sound.*;
import input.*;
import core.GameCore;
import tilegame.sprites.*;
import tilegame.ResourceManager;
/**
GameManager manages all parts of the game.
*/
public class GameManager extends GameCore {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new GameManager().run();
}
private static final AudioFormat PLAYBACK_FORMAT =
new AudioFormat(44100, 16, 1, true, false);
public static final float GRAVITY = 0.002f;
private Point pointCache = new Point();
private TileMap map;
private SoundManager soundManager;
private ResourceManager resourceManager;
private InputManager inputManager;
private TileMapRenderer renderer;
private Sound jumpSound;
private GameAction moveLeft;
private GameAction moveRight;
private GameAction jump;
private GameAction exit;
public void init() {
super.init();
// set up input manager
initInput();
// start resource manager
resourceManager = new ResourceManager(
screen.getFullScreenWindow().getGraphicsConfiguration());
// load resources
renderer = new TileMapRenderer();
renderer.setBackground(
resourceManager.loadImage("background.png"));
// load first map
map = resourceManager.loadNextMap();
// load sounds
soundManager = new SoundManager(PLAYBACK_FORMAT);
jumpSound = soundManager.getSound("sounds/jump.wav");
String fileName = "sounds/music.wav";
playLoop(fileName);
}
public void stop() {
super.stop();
soundManager.close();
}
private void initInput() {
moveLeft = new GameAction("moveLeft");
moveRight = new GameAction("moveRight");
jump = new GameAction("jump",
GameAction.DETECT_INITAL_PRESS_ONLY);
exit = new GameAction("exit",
GameAction.DETECT_INITAL_PRESS_ONLY);
inputManager = new InputManager(
screen.getFullScreenWindow());
inputManager.setCursor(InputManager.INVISIBLE_CURSOR);
inputManager.mapToKey(moveLeft, KeyEvent.VK_LEFT);
inputManager.mapToKey(moveRight, KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT);
inputManager.mapToKey(jump, KeyEvent.VK_SPACE);
inputManager.mapToKey(exit, KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE);
}
// checks the users input for player movement
private void checkInput(long elapsedTime) {
if (exit.isPressed()) {
stop();
}
Player player = (Player)map.getPlayer();
if (player.isAlive()) {
float velocityX = 0;
if (moveLeft.isPressed()) {
velocityX-=player.getMaxSpeed();
}
if (moveRight.isPressed()) {
velocityX+=player.getMaxSpeed();
}
if (jump.isPressed()) {
player.jump(false);
soundManager.play(jumpSound);
}
player.setVelocityX(velocityX);
}
}
// plays an instance of a chosen sound
public void playSound(String soundName){
try {
AudioInputStream audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(new File(soundName).getAbsoluteFile( ));
Clip clip = AudioSystem.getClip( );
clip.open(audioInputStream);
clip.start( );
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
System.out.println("Error");
ex.printStackTrace( );
}
}
// loops an instance of a chosen sound
public void playLoop(String soundName){
try {
AudioInputStream audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(new File(soundName).getAbsoluteFile( ));
Clip clip = AudioSystem.getClip( );
clip.open(audioInputStream);
clip.start( );
clip.loop(Clip.LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
System.out.println("Error");
ex.printStackTrace( );
}
}
public void draw(Graphics2D g) {
renderer.draw(g, map,
screen.getWidth(), screen.getHeight());
}
public TileMap getMap() {
return map;
}
public Point getTileCollision(Sprite sprite,
float newX, float newY)
{
float fromX = Math.min(sprite.getX(), newX);
float fromY = Math.min(sprite.getY(), newY);
float toX = Math.max(sprite.getX(), newX);
float toY = Math.max(sprite.getY(), newY);
// get the tile locations
int fromTileX = TileMapRenderer.pixelsToTiles(fromX);
int fromTileY = TileMapRenderer.pixelsToTiles(fromY);
int toTileX = TileMapRenderer.pixelsToTiles(
toX + sprite.getWidth() - 1);
int toTileY = TileMapRenderer.pixelsToTiles(
toY + sprite.getHeight() - 1);
// check each tile for a collision
for (int x=fromTileX; x<=toTileX; x++) {
for (int y=fromTileY; y<=toTileY; y++) {
if (x < 0 || x >= map.getWidth() ||
map.getTile(x, y) != null)
{
// collision found, return the tile
pointCache.setLocation(x, y);
return pointCache;
}
}
}
// no collision found
return null;
}
public boolean isCollision(Sprite s1, Sprite s2) {
// if the Sprites are the same, return false
if (s1 == s2) {
return false;
}
// if one of the Sprites is a dead Creature, return false
if (s1 instanceof Creature && !((Creature)s1).isAlive()) {
return false;
}
if (s2 instanceof Creature && !((Creature)s2).isAlive()) {
return false;
}
// get the pixel location of the Sprites
int s1x = Math.round(s1.getX());
int s1y = Math.round(s1.getY());
int s2x = Math.round(s2.getX());
int s2y = Math.round(s2.getY());
// check if the two sprites' boundaries intersect
return (s1x < s2x + s2.getWidth() &&
s2x < s1x + s1.getWidth() &&
s1y < s2y + s2.getHeight() &&
s2y < s1y + s1.getHeight());
}
public Sprite getSpriteCollision(Sprite sprite) {
// run through the list of Sprites
Iterator i = map.getSprites();
while (i.hasNext()) {
Sprite otherSprite = (Sprite)i.next();
if (isCollision(sprite, otherSprite)) {
// collision found, return the Sprite
return otherSprite;
}
}
// no collision found
return null;
}
public void update(long elapsedTime) {
Creature player = (Creature)map.getPlayer();
// player is dead! start map over
if (player.getState() == Creature.STATE_DEAD) {
map = resourceManager.reloadMap();
return;
}
// get keyboard/mouse input
checkInput(elapsedTime);
// update player
updateCreature(player, elapsedTime);
player.update(elapsedTime);
// update other sprites
Iterator i = map.getSprites();
while (i.hasNext()) {
Sprite sprite = (Sprite)i.next();
if (sprite instanceof Creature) {
Creature creature = (Creature)sprite;
if (creature.getState() == Creature.STATE_DEAD) {
i.remove();
}
else {
updateCreature(creature, elapsedTime);
}
}
// normal update
sprite.update(elapsedTime);
}
}
private void updateCreature(Creature creature,
long elapsedTime)
{
// apply gravity
if (!creature.isFlying()) {
creature.setVelocityY(creature.getVelocityY() +
GRAVITY * elapsedTime);
}
// change x
float dx = creature.getVelocityX();
float oldX = creature.getX();
float newX = oldX + dx * elapsedTime;
Point tile =
getTileCollision(creature, newX, creature.getY());
if (tile == null) {
creature.setX(newX);
}
else {
// line up with the tile boundary
if (dx > 0) {
creature.setX(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tile.x) -
creature.getWidth());
}
else if (dx < 0) {
creature.setX(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tile.x + 1));
}
creature.collideHorizontal();
}
if (creature instanceof Player) {
checkPlayerCollision((Player)creature, false);
}
// change y
float dy = creature.getVelocityY();
float oldY = creature.getY();
float newY = oldY + dy * elapsedTime;
tile = getTileCollision(creature, creature.getX(), newY);
if (tile == null) {
creature.setY(newY);
}
else {
// line up with the tile boundary
if (dy > 0) {
creature.setY(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tile.y) -
creature.getHeight());
}
else if (dy < 0) {
creature.setY(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tile.y + 1));
}
creature.collideVertical();
}
if (creature instanceof Player) {
boolean canKill = (oldY < creature.getY());
checkPlayerCollision((Player)creature, canKill);
}
}
public void checkPlayerCollision(Player player,
boolean canKill)
{
if (!player.isAlive()) {
return;
}
// check for player collision with other sprites
Sprite collisionSprite = getSpriteCollision(player);
if (collisionSprite instanceof Items) {
acquirePowerUp((Items)collisionSprite);
}
else if (collisionSprite instanceof Creature) {
Creature badguy = (Creature)collisionSprite;
if (canKill) {
// kill the badguy and make player bounce
String fileName = "sounds/impact.wav";
playSound(fileName);
badguy.setState(Creature.STATE_DYING);
player.setY(badguy.getY() - player.getHeight());
player.jump(true);
}
else {
// player dies!
String fileName = "sounds/death.wav";
playSound(fileName);
player.setState(Creature.STATE_DYING);
}
}
}
public void acquirePowerUp(Items powerUp) {
// remove it from the map
map.removeSprite(powerUp);
if (powerUp instanceof Items.Coin) {
// do something here, like give the player points
String fileName = "sounds/coin.wav";
playSound(fileName);
}
else if (powerUp instanceof Items.Door) {
// advance to next map
String fileName = "sounds/door.wav";
playSound(fileName);
map = resourceManager.loadNextMap();
}
}
}
package tilegame;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import graphics.*;
import tilegame.sprites.*;
/**
The ResourceManager class loads and manages tile Images and
Sprites used in the game. Game Sprites are cloned from
the original Sprites.
*/
public class ResourceManager{
private ArrayList tiles;
private int currentMap;
private GraphicsConfiguration gc;
// Sprites used for cloning
private Sprite playerSprite;
private Sprite playerJump;
private Sprite coinSprite;
private Sprite doorSprite;
private Sprite grubSprite;
private Sprite batSprite;
private Sprite houndSprite;
public ResourceManager(GraphicsConfiguration gc) {
this.gc = gc;
loadTileImages();
loadCreatureSprites();
loadItemSprites();
}
public Image loadImage(String name) {
String filename = "images/" + name;
return new ImageIcon(filename).getImage();
}
public Image getMirrorImage(Image image) {
return getScaledImage(image, -1, 1);
}
public Image getFlippedImage(Image image) {
return getScaledImage(image, 1, -1);
}
private Image getScaledImage(Image image, float x, float y) {
// set up the transform
AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform();
transform.scale(x, y);
transform.translate(
(x-1) * image.getWidth(null) / 2,
(y-1) * image.getHeight(null) / 2);
// create a transparent (not translucent) image
Image newImage = gc.createCompatibleImage(
image.getWidth(null),
image.getHeight(null),
Transparency.BITMASK);
// draw the transformed image
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)newImage.getGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
g.dispose();
return newImage;
}
public TileMap loadNextMap(){
TileMap map = null;
while (map == null) {
currentMap++;
try {
map = loadMap(
"maps/map" + currentMap + ".txt");
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch(InterruptedException ex) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
catch (IOException ex) {
if (currentMap == 1) {
// no maps to load!
return null;
}
currentMap = 0;
map = null;
}
}
return map;
}
public TileMap reloadMap() {
try {
return loadMap(
"maps/map" + currentMap + ".txt");
}
catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
private TileMap loadMap(String filename)
throws IOException
{
ArrayList lines = new ArrayList();
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
// read every line in the text file into the list
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new FileReader(filename));
while (true) {
String line = reader.readLine();
// no more lines to read
if (line == null) {
reader.close();
break;
}
// add every line except for comments
if (!line.startsWith("#")) {
lines.add(line);
width = Math.max(width, line.length());
}
}
// parse the lines to create a TileEngine
height = lines.size();
TileMap newMap = new TileMap(width, height);
for (int y=0; y<height; y++) {
String line = (String)lines.get(y);
for (int x=0; x<line.length(); x++) {
char ch = line.charAt(x);
// check if the char represents tile A, B, C etc.
int tile = ch - 'A';
if (tile >= 0 && tile < tiles.size()) {
newMap.setTile(x, y, (Image)tiles.get(tile));
}
// check if the char represents a sprite
else if (ch == 'o') {
addSprite(newMap, coinSprite, x, y);
}
else if (ch == '*') {
addSprite(newMap, doorSprite, x, y);
}
else if (ch == '1') {
addSprite(newMap, grubSprite, x, y);
}
else if (ch == '2') {
addSprite(newMap, batSprite, x, y);
}
else if (ch == '3') {
addSprite(newMap, houndSprite, x, y);
}
}
}
// add the player to the map
Sprite player = (Sprite)playerSprite.clone();
player.setX(TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(2));
player.setY(0);
newMap.setPlayer(player);
return newMap;
}
private void addSprite(TileMap map,
Sprite hostSprite, int tileX, int tileY)
{
if (hostSprite != null) {
// clone the sprite from the "host"
Sprite sprite = (Sprite)hostSprite.clone();
// center the sprite
sprite.setX(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tileX) +
(TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(1) -
sprite.getWidth()) / 2);
// bottom-justify the sprite
sprite.setY(
TileMapRenderer.tilesToPixels(tileY + 1) -
sprite.getHeight());
// add it to the map
map.addSprite(sprite);
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------
// code for loading sprites and images
// -----------------------------------------------------------
public void loadTileImages() {
// keep looking for tile A,B,C, etc. this makes it
// easy to drop new tiles in the images/ directory
tiles = new ArrayList();
char ch = 'A';
while (true) {
String name = "tile_" + ch + ".png";
File file = new File("images/" + name);
if (!file.exists()) {
break;
}
tiles.add(loadImage(name));
ch++;
}
}
public void loadCreatureSprites() {
Image[][] images = new Image[8][];
// load left-facing images
images[0] = new Image[] {
loadImage("player1.png"),
loadImage("player2.png"),
loadImage("player3.png"),
loadImage("player4.png"),
loadImage("player5.png"),
loadImage("player6.png"),
loadImage("player7.png"),
loadImage("player8.png"),
loadImage("bat1.png"),
loadImage("bat2.png"),
loadImage("bat3.png"),
loadImage("bat4.png"),
loadImage("grub1.png"),
loadImage("grub2.png"),
loadImage("hound1.png"),
loadImage("hound2.png"),
loadImage("hound3.png"),
loadImage("hound4.png"),
loadImage("hound5.png"),
loadImage("jump1.png"),
loadImage("jump2.png"),
loadImage("jump3.png")
};
images[1] = new Image[images[0].length];
images[2] = new Image[images[0].length];
images[3] = new Image[images[0].length];
for (int i=0; i<images[0].length; i++) {
// right-facing images
images[1][i] = getMirrorImage(images[0][i]);
// left-facing "dead" images
images[2][i] = getFlippedImage(images[0][i]);
// right-facing "dead" images
images[3][i] = getFlippedImage(images[1][i]);
}
// create creature animations
Animation[] playerAnim = new Animation[4];
Animation[] batAnim = new Animation[4];
Animation[] grubAnim = new Animation[4];
Animation[] houndAnim = new Animation[4];
Animation[] playerJumpAnim = new Animation[4];
for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
playerAnim[i] = createPlayerAnim(
images[i][0], images[i][1], images[i][2],
images[i][3], images[i][4], images[i][5],
images[i][6], images[i][7]);
batAnim[i] = createBatAnim(
images[i][8], images[i][9], images[i][10], images[i][11]);
grubAnim[i] = createGrubAnim(
images[i][12], images[i][13]);
houndAnim[i] = createHoundAnim(
images[i][14], images[i][15], images[i][16],
images[i][17], images [i][18]);
playerJumpAnim[i] = createJumpAnim(
images[i][19], images[i][20], images[i][21]);
}
// changing player sprite for different movements notes.
// possible solutions:
// add keylistener
playerSprite = new Player(playerAnim[0], playerAnim[1],
playerAnim[2], playerAnim[3]);
playerJump = new Player(playerJumpAnim[0], playerJumpAnim[1],
playerJumpAnim[2], playerJumpAnim[3]);
batSprite = new Bat(batAnim[0], batAnim[1],
batAnim[2], batAnim[3]);
grubSprite = new Grub(grubAnim[0], grubAnim[1],
grubAnim[2], grubAnim[3]);
houndSprite = new Hound(houndAnim[0], houndAnim[1],
houndAnim[2], houndAnim[3]);
}
private Animation createPlayerAnim(Image img1, Image img2,
Image img3, Image img4,
Image img5, Image img6,
Image img7, Image img8)
{
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 100);
anim.addFrame(img2, 100);
anim.addFrame(img3, 100);
anim.addFrame(img4, 100);
anim.addFrame(img5, 100);
anim.addFrame(img6, 100);
anim.addFrame(img7, 100);
anim.addFrame(img8, 100);
return anim;
}
private Animation createJumpAnim(Image img1, Image img2,
Image img3)
{
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 100);
anim.addFrame(img2, 100);
anim.addFrame(img3, 100);
return anim;
}
private Animation createBatAnim(Image img1, Image img2,
Image img3, Image img4)
{
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 100);
anim.addFrame(img2, 100);
anim.addFrame(img3, 100);
anim.addFrame(img4, 125);
return anim;
}
private Animation createGrubAnim(Image img1, Image img2) {
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 250);
anim.addFrame(img2, 250);
return anim;
}
private Animation createHoundAnim(Image img1, Image img2,
Image img3, Image img4, Image img5) {
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 200);
anim.addFrame(img2, 150);
anim.addFrame(img3, 200);
anim.addFrame(img4, 150);
anim.addFrame(img5, 150);
return anim;
}
private void loadItemSprites() {
// create "door" sprite
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door1.png"), 300);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door2.png"), 250);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door3.png"), 300);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door4.png"), 475);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door3.png"), 300);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door2.png"), 200);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("door1.png"), 800);
doorSprite = new Items.Door(anim);
// create "coin" sprite
anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin1.png"), 150);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin2.png"), 150);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin3.png"), 150);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin4.png"), 150);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin5.png"), 150);
anim.addFrame(loadImage("coin6.png"), 150);
coinSprite = new Items.Coin(anim);
}
}
private Animation createJumpAnim(Image img1, Image img2,
Image img3)
{
Animation anim = new Animation();
anim.addFrame(img1, 100);
anim.addFrame(img2, 100);
anim.addFrame(img3, 100);
return anim;
}