Python—在循环中创建具有独立处理的对象实例

我有一个简单的选举计划。以下是要求：

class政治家

随机投票

将政客的数量作为用户的输入

num_politicians = input("The number of politicians: ")

循环和创建实例

names = []
for x in range(num_politicians):
    new_name = input("Name: ")
    while new_name in names:
        new_name = input("Please enter another name: ")
    names.append(new_name)

    #### This part is the crux of my problem
    ### Create instances of the Politician class
    #### I want to do this in a way so that i can independently 
    #### handle each instance when i randomize and assign votes

我看过：

然而，我找不到解决我问题的办法

政客类如下：

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name + ": " + str(self.votes)

>>> The Number of politicians: 3
>>> Name: John
>>> Name: Joseph
>>> Name: Mary
>>> Processing...
(I use time.sleep(1.0) here)
>>> Mary: 8 votes
>>> John: 2 votes
>>> Joseph: 1 vote

所需输出：

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name + ": " + str(self.votes)

>>> The Number of politicians: 3
>>> Name: John
>>> Name: Joseph
>>> Name: Mary
>>> Processing...
(I use time.sleep(1.0) here)
>>> Mary: 8 votes
>>> John: 2 votes
>>> Joseph: 1 vote

我的问题在一句话中

我想在for循环中创建类实例，这样我就可以随机地为它们分配投票（我想这需要我独立处理实例）

---

任何帮助都将不胜感激。

您可以将实例存储在列表中：

politicians = []
for name in 'ABC':
    politicians.append(Politician(name))

现在，您可以访问各个实例：

>>> politicians[0].name
'A'

我使用了一个修改版的你的班级，如果没有提供，给每个政客一个默认年龄：

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name, age=45):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name + ": " + str(self.votes)

现在，您可以使用您的政治家列表：

print('The Number of politicians: {}'.format(len(politicians)))

印刷品：

The Number of politicians: 3

A: 0
B: 0
C: 0

A: 35
B: 37
C: 28

这：

印刷品：

The Number of politicians: 3

A: 0
B: 0
C: 0

A: 35
B: 37
C: 28

分配随机投票：

import random

for x in range(100):
    pol = random.choice(politicians)
    pol.votes += 1

现在：

印刷品：

The Number of politicians: 3

A: 0
B: 0
C: 0

A: 35
B: 37
C: 28

整个计划：

# Assuming Python 3.

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name, age=45):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}: {} votes'.format(self.name, self.votes)

num_politicians = int(input("The number of politicians: "))
politicians = []
for n in range(num_politicians):
    if n == 0:
        new_name = input("Please enter a name: ")
    else:
        new_name = input("Please enter another name: ")
    politicians.append(Politician(new_name))

print('The Number of politicians: {}'.format(len(politicians)))
for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

print('Processing ...')
for x in range(100):
    pol = random.choice(politicians)
    pol.votes += 1

for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

以及用法：

The number of politicians: 3
Please enter a name: John
Please enter another name: Joseph
Please enter another name: Mary
The Number of politicians: 3
John: 0 votes
Joseph: 0 votes
Mary: 0 votes
Processing ...
John: 25 votes
Joseph: 39 votes
Mary: 36 votes

更新 正如@martineau所建议的那样，对于现实生活中的问题，字典会更有用 有用

创建字典而不是列表：

politicians = {}

在循环中，添加实例时，将名称作为键：

politicians[new_name] = Politician(new_name)

---

我不理解这个问题，从语义上讲，实例是独立的。我建议将

政客

实例存储在键入其姓名的字典中，因为在现实生活中，投票是如何进行的（而不是从列表中随机选择一个）。@martineau同意。在我的回答中添加了几行建议这一改进。