Python pycharm与django教程中的导入问题_Python_Django_Pycharm

Python pycharm与django教程中的导入问题

python django pycharm

Python pycharm与django教程中的导入问题,python,django,pycharm,Python,Django,Pycharm,昨天，我开始通过本教程学习django：但是我在这里得到一个导入错误：文件：django_1/src/dj30/url.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from posts.views import post_list_view # ERROR LINE urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('posts

昨天，我开始通过本教程学习django：

但是我在这里得到一个

导入错误

：

文件：

django_1/src/dj30/url.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view # ERROR LINE

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

这是我的目录树：

我假设发生

导入错误

，因为我试图将

posts.views.post_list_view

从

posts/views.py

导入另一个目录中的

dj30/url.py

。教程中的那个家伙是怎么做到的？我确信我正确地遵循了教程（我做了两次）。可能是

venv

有问题，因为我使用的是

PyCharm

（com），而他不是

以下是在本教程中编辑的相关文件：

django/src/dj30/settings.py

：

"""
Django settings for dj30 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'z=5t$_w+c@k3u+e1c-1tn6xoolrm#*ki*#@kh1u_*=rmwxtk!s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'posts'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dj30.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dj30.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Post

# Create your views here.


def post_list_view(request):
    post_objects = Post.objects.all()
    context = {
        'post_objects': post_objects
    }

    return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)

django_1/src/dj30/url.py

：

"""
Django settings for dj30 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'z=5t$_w+c@k3u+e1c-1tn6xoolrm#*ki*#@kh1u_*=rmwxtk!s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'posts'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dj30.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dj30.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Post

# Create your views here.


def post_list_view(request):
    post_objects = Post.objects.all()
    context = {
        'post_objects': post_objects
    }

    return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)

django_1/src/posts/models.py

：

"""
Django settings for dj30 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'z=5t$_w+c@k3u+e1c-1tn6xoolrm#*ki*#@kh1u_*=rmwxtk!s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'posts'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dj30.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dj30.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Post

# Create your views here.


def post_list_view(request):
    post_objects = Post.objects.all()
    context = {
        'post_objects': post_objects
    }

    return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)

django_1/src/posts/admin.py

：

"""
Django settings for dj30 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'z=5t$_w+c@k3u+e1c-1tn6xoolrm#*ki*#@kh1u_*=rmwxtk!s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'posts'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dj30.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dj30.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Post

# Create your views here.


def post_list_view(request):
    post_objects = Post.objects.all()
    context = {
        'post_objects': post_objects
    }

    return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)

django_1/src/posts/views.py

：

"""
Django settings for dj30 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'z=5t$_w+c@k3u+e1c-1tn6xoolrm#*ki*#@kh1u_*=rmwxtk!s'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'posts'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dj30.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dj30.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view)
]

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Post

# Create your views here.


def post_list_view(request):
    post_objects = Post.objects.all()
    context = {
        'post_objects': post_objects
    }

    return render(request, 'posts/index.html', context)

django_1/src/posts/templates/posts/index.html

：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>This is the list of all posts.</h1>
</body>
</html>

使用

runserver

运行

manage.py

将生成此网站：

当我发表评论时：

from posts.views import post_list_view

及

网站显示正确：

编辑2:

转到

http://127.0.0.1:8000/posts/

如建议所示：

编辑\u 3:

将

url.py

更改为：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts.views import post_list_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', post_list_view),
    path('/', post_list_view)
]

生成此输出：

C:\Users\Artur\Desktop\django_1\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/Artur/Desktop/django_1/src/manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified some issues:

    WARNINGS:
    ?: (urls.W002) Your URL pattern '/' has a route beginning with a '/'. Remove this slash as it is unnecessary. If this pattern is targeted in an include(), ensure the include() pattern has a trailing '/'.
    
    System check identified 1 issue (0 silenced).
    October 18, 2020 - 09:44:14
    Django version 3.1.2, using settings 'dj30.settings'
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

本网站：

Pycharm正在将该行标记为红色，因为它不知道应用程序基目录。您需要单击“src”并将目录标记为源根目录，此错误才会消失

应用程序发出“找不到文件错误”，因为在主url文件“dj30/url.py”中，您没有指定“”的路径，只有“posts/”和“admin/”。要解决此问题，只需添加另一条路径：

来自django.contrib导入管理
从django.url导入路径
从posts.views导入post_list_view#错误行
URL模式=[
路径（'admin/'，admin.site.url），
路径（'posts/'，post_list_view），
路径（“”，后列表视图），
]

但是我不认为这是个错误。

而且我不相信您会希望自己运行“url.py”文件。

试试这个：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from posts import views as posts_views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('posts/', posts_views.post_list_view)
]

@ArturMüllerRomanov转到

http://127.0.0.1:8000/posts/

@aaron请参见编辑部分<代码>http://127.0.0.1:8000/posts/似乎显示了正确的输出。这是否意味着进口有效？为什么pycharm将导入线标记为红色？为什么

http://127.0.0.1:8000/

giving

page not found error

参见silvermat的答案。我标记了

src

source root

，它解决了红色标记。我该如何解决路径问题？我添加了您提到的路径，但网站仍然出现

页面未找到错误

。请参阅

编辑\u 3

部分。将

'/'

更改为

。