Python 使用Django测试客户端测试轮询应用程序

我正在尝试使用Django测试客户端测试民意测验应用程序。在这个测试中，我创建了一个POST请求，模拟投票，然后检查响应的状态代码（以检查我是否已被重定向），并验证投票数是否增加。因此，从我所读到的内容来看，我的

tests.py

结果如下：

from django.test import Client
from django.test import TestCase
from mysite.polls.models import Question, Choice

class PollTest(TestCase):

    def test_voting(self):
        client = Client()
        # Perform a vote on the poll by mocking a POST request.
        response = client.post('/polls/1/vote/', {'choice': '1',})
        # In the vote view we redirect the user, so check the
        # response status code is 302.
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        # Get the choice and check there is now one vote.
        choice = Choice.objects.get(pk=1)
        self.assertEqual(choice.votes, 1)

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args (question.id,)))

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
   ]

views.py的投票部分如下所示：

from django.test import Client
from django.test import TestCase
from mysite.polls.models import Question, Choice

class PollTest(TestCase):

    def test_voting(self):
        client = Client()
        # Perform a vote on the poll by mocking a POST request.
        response = client.post('/polls/1/vote/', {'choice': '1',})
        # In the vote view we redirect the user, so check the
        # response status code is 302.
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        # Get the choice and check there is now one vote.
        choice = Choice.objects.get(pk=1)
        self.assertEqual(choice.votes, 1)

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args (question.id,)))

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
   ]

我的
url.py
如下所示：

from django.test import Client
from django.test import TestCase
from mysite.polls.models import Question, Choice

class PollTest(TestCase):

    def test_voting(self):
        client = Client()
        # Perform a vote on the poll by mocking a POST request.
        response = client.post('/polls/1/vote/', {'choice': '1',})
        # In the vote view we redirect the user, so check the
        # response status code is 302.
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        # Get the choice and check there is now one vote.
        choice = Choice.objects.get(pk=1)
        self.assertEqual(choice.votes, 1)

def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args (question.id,)))

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
   ]

从django.conf.url导入url
从…起导入视图
应用程序名称='polls'
URL模式=[
url（r'^$'，views.IndexView.as_view（），name='index'），
url（r'^（？P[0-9]+）/$'，views.DetailView.as_view（），name='detail'），
url（r'^（？P[0-9]+）/results/$'，views.ResultsView.as_view（），name='results'），
url（r'^（？P[0-9]+）/vote/$'，views.vote，name='vote'），
]

运行
python manage.py test
后，我遇到的第一个问题是，我必须将响应状态代码更改为405，而它应该是302，因为在选择投票并单击投票按钮后，我会被重定向到
/polls/1/results
。此外，投票实际上没有被注册，因为在更改响应状态代码后，为了查看投票是否至少增加了，我得到一个错误，即1是错误的，应该将其更改为0，这意味着投票过程也没有运行。
添加以下装饰程序以允许POST：

from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods

@require_http_methods(["POST"])
def vote(request, poll_id):  # this is your method from above
    p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=question_id)
    try:
        ...

否则，此视图默认处理
GET
方法。同时，您确实希望
vote（）
仅限于
POST
调用，因为它正在修改您的数据

看

在测试中，使用
response=client.post（…，follow=True）
跟踪重定向并测试最终结果。
您不应该得到405-这意味着“不允许使用方法”。我猜是错误的观点在处理这个请求。请显示您的
轮询/url.py
。注意，您不需要
client=client（）
。当使用Django
TestCase
时，只需使用
self.client
。我用
views.py
编辑了我的文章。我猜问题出在URL上，而不是视图上。看起来你是在遵循一个非常旧的教程版本-很长时间以来模型一直是
Question
而不是
Poll
。在本例中，这可能不是问题所在，但将来可能会遇到其他问题。请确保您使用的是最新的Django发行版（目前为1.10或1.8长期支持），并按照正确的教程进行操作，因为我不知道应该在哪里添加装饰器以及装饰器的真正用途是什么？最好使用
@require\u http\u方法（[“POST”]）
，但这并不能解释当前的问题。不注册
POST
肯定是405错误和数据库中缺少条目的原因。