Python 循环内迭代变量名

我几乎没有编程方面的实践经验，但我已经开始学习python，并希望创建一个函数来计算文本中最频繁的单词。现在，我确信我的版本不是最好的方法，但它可以工作：

 import os

 punctuation = "~!@#$%^&*()_-=+[{]}\\|'\";:,<.>/?"

 def remove_punctuation(text):

     text_wo_punctuation = ""
     for word in text:
         if word not in punctuation:
             text_wo_punctuation += word
     return text_wo_punctuation

 with open(r'New Text Document.txt') as f:

     text = f.read().lower()
     t = remove_punctuation(text).split()
     dictionary = {}
     for word in t:
         if word in dictionary:
             dictionary[word] = dictionary[word] + 1
         else:
             dictionary[word] = 1

 print(dictionary)

 def top_five(d):

     top = {}
     value1 = 0
     value2 = 0
     value3 = 0
     value4 = 0
     value5 = 0


     for key in dictionary:
         if value1 < dictionary[key] and key not in top:
             value1 = dictionary[key]
             top1 = {key:value1}
         else:
             continue
     top.update(top1)    
     for key in dictionary:
         if value2 < dictionary[key] and key not in top:
             value2 = dictionary[key]
             top2 = {key:value2}
         else:
             continue
     top.update(top2)
     for key in dictionary:
         if value3 < dictionary[key] and key not in top:
             value3 = dictionary[key]
             top3 = {key:value3}
         else:
             continue
     top.update(top3)
     for key in dictionary:
         if value4 < dictionary[key] and key not in top:
             value4 = dictionary[key]
             top4 = {key:value4}
         else:
             continue
     top.update(top4)
     for key in dictionary:
         if value5 < dictionary[key] and key not in top:
             value5 = dictionary[key]
             top5 = {key:value4}
         else:
             continue
     top.update(top5)
    return top

 print(top_five(dictionary))

这将在字典中创建一个字典。我被困在这一点上，因为我找不到使“top”字典有用的方法，也找不到在循环中迭代变量名的方法。我读过应该使用列表或字典，变量名迭代不是一个好主意，但我不明白为什么会这样，我想不出一种方法使列表或字典在for循环中有用

正如我所说的，我知道这可能不是制作此类函数的最佳方法，但我的问题是：如何简化我已经制作的函数并使循环工作

---

谢谢

我已根据Barmar的建议更新了代码：

def remove_punctuation(text):
""""Removes punctuation characters from given text"""
punctuation = "~`!@#$%^&*()_-=+[{]}\\|'\";:,<.>/?"
text_wo_punctuation = ""
for word in text:
    if word not in punctuation:
        text_wo_punctuation += word
return text_wo_punctuation

def count_words(file):
    """Returns a dictionary of words and word count from "file" """
    with open(file) as f:
        text = remove_punctuation(f.read()).lower().split()
        dictionary = {}
        for word in text:
    #        print(word)
            if word in dictionary:
                dictionary[word] = dictionary[word] + 1
    #            print("**Existing**")
            else:
                dictionary[word] = 1
    #            print("**New**")
    #        print(dictionary[word])
    return dictionary
    #print(dictionary)

def dict_sort(d, reverse = False):
    """Sort given dictionary "d" in ascending (default)
        or descending (reverse = True) order
        Outputs tuple of: list of keys, list of values and dictionary
        Recommended format for output: a,b,c = dict_sort(d)"""
    key_list = []
    value_list = []
    for key in d:
        key_list.append(key)
        value_list.append(d[key])
    #print(key_list)
    #print(value_list)
    for i in range(len(value_list)-1):
        for i in range(len(value_list)-1):
            if reverse == False:
                if value_list[i] > value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i],value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1],value_list[i]
                    key_list[i],key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1],key_list[i]
            elif reverse == True:
                if value_list[i] < value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i],value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1],value_list[i]
                    key_list[i],key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1],key_list[i]
    d = {}
    for i in range(len(value_list)):
        d[key_list[i]] = value_list[i]
    sorted_dict = d    
    return key_list,value_list,sorted_dict

def word_freq():
    """Input how many words to plot on graph"""
    while True:
        try:
            n_freq = int(input("How many of the most frequent words would you like to display?\n"))
            if (n_freq < 1 or n_freq > 10):
                print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
                continue
        except(ValueError):
            print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
            continue
        else:
            break
    return n_freq

def graph_word_freq(n,f,w):                     #create function to draw chart
    """Draw bar chart of most frequent words in text
        n: number of words to plot (between 1 and 10)
        f: word frequency list
        w: word list"""

    import turtle                                       #import turtle module
    window = turtle.Screen()                            #create screen
    window.bgcolor("honeydew")                          #define screen color
    window.title("Most Frequent Words")                 #set window title
    if f[0] < 960:
        y = 500
        y_pos = -480
        width = 60
        spacing = 20
        x_pos = -(30+40*(n-1))
    else:
        width = 100
        spacing = 40
        y = f[0]/2+20
        y_pos = -f[0]/2
        x_pos = -(50+70*(n-1))

    #turtle.screensize(y,y)                              #set window size
    turtle.setworldcoordinates(-y,-y,y,y)
    tortoise = turtle.Turtle()                          #create turtle
    tortoise.hideturtle()                               #hide turtle stamp
    tortoise.penup()                                    #raise turtle pen
    tortoise.setposition(x_pos,y_pos)                   #position turtle
    tortoise.pendown()                                  #put turtle pen down
    tortoise.speed(5)                                   #set drawing speed

    for i in range(n):
        if abs(f[i]) < ((f[0]-f[n])/3):
            tortoise.color("SeaGreen","ForestGreen")    #set turtle color
        elif abs(f[i]) >= ((f[0]-f[n])/3) and abs(f[i]) < ((f[0]-f[n])/1.5):
            tortoise.color("orange","gold")             #set turtle color
        else:
            tortoise.color("coral3","IndianRed")        #set turtle color

        tortoise.begin_fill()                           #begin drawing shapes
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(f[i])                          #draw bar height
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(1/3*width)                            #prepare for text
        if f[i] >= 0:
            tortoise.write(f[i])                        #write value
        else:
            tortoise.penup()
            tortoise.right(90)
            tortoise.forward(15)
            tortoise.write(f[i])
            tortoise.forward(-15)
            tortoise.left(90)
            tortoise.pendown()
        tortoise.forward(2/3*width)                     #bar width
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(f[i])
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.penup()
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(25)
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(-2/3*width)
        tortoise.write(w[i])                            #write word
        tortoise.forward(2/3*width)
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(25)
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(spacing)                       #spacing
        tortoise.pendown()
        tortoise.end_fill()                             #stop drawing shapes
    turtle.exitonclick()

dictionary = count_words("New Text Document.txt")

words,values,dictionary = dict_sort(dictionary, reverse = True)

n_freq = word_freq()

graph_word_freq(n_freq,values,words)

def删除标点符号（文本）：
“”从给定文本中删除标点符号“”
标点符号=“~`@$%”^&*()_-=+[{]}\\|'\";:,/?"
text_wo_标点=“”
对于文本中的单词：
如果单词没有标点符号：
text\u wo\u标点符号+=单词
返回文本\u wo\u标点符号
def计数_字（文件）：
“”“从“文件”返回单词词典和单词计数”
打开（文件）为f时：
text=删除标点符号（f.read（））.lower（）.split（）
字典={}
对于文本中的单词：
#打印（word）
如果字典中有单词：
字典[字]=字典[字]+1
#打印（“**现有**”）
其他：
字典[字]=1
#打印（“**新**”）
#打印（字典[单词]）
返回字典
#印刷（字典）
def dict_排序（d，反向=False）：
“”“对给定字典“d”进行升序排序（默认）
或降序（反向=真）顺序
输出元组：键列表、值列表和字典
建议的输出格式：a、b、c=dict_排序（d）”
键列表=[]
值_列表=[]
对于输入d：
键列表。追加（键）
value\u list.append（d[键]）
#打印（按键列表）
#打印（值列表）
对于范围内的i（len（值列表）-1）：
对于范围内的i（len（值列表）-1）：
如果反向==假：
如果值列表[i]>值列表[i+1]：
值列表[i]，值列表[i+1]=值列表[i+1]，值列表[i]
键列表[i]，键列表[i+1]=键列表[i+1]，键列表[i]
elif reverse==真：
如果值列表[i]<值列表[i+1]：
值列表[i]，值列表[i+1]=值列表[i+1]，值列表[i]
键列表[i]，键列表[i+1]=键列表[i+1]，键列表[i]
d={}
对于范围内的i（len（值列表））：
d[键列表[i]]=值列表[i]
已排序的dict=d
返回键列表、值列表、排序目录
def word_freq（）：
“”“输入要在图形上打印的单词数”“”
尽管如此：
尝试：
n_freq=int（输入（“您希望显示多少最常用的单词？\n”））
如果（n_freq<1或n_freq>10）：
打印（“请输入一个介于1和10之间的整数：”）
持续
除了（值错误）：
打印（“请输入一个介于1和10之间的整数：”）
持续
其他：
打破
返回n_频率
def graph_word_freq（n，f，w）：#创建用于绘制图表的函数
“”“绘制文本中最常用单词的条形图
n：要绘制的字数（介于1和10之间）
f：词频表
w：单词列表“”
导入海龟#导入海龟模块
window=turtle.Screen（）#创建屏幕
window.bgcolor（“蜜露”）#定义屏幕颜色
window.title（“最常用词”）#设置窗口标题
如果f[0]<960：
y=500
y_pos=-480
宽度=60
间距=20
x_位置=-（30+40*（n-1））
其他：
宽度=100
间距=40
y=f[0]/2+20
y_pos=-f[0]/2
x_位置=-（50+70*（n-1））
#海龟。屏幕大小（y，y）#设置窗口大小
海龟。设置世界坐标（-y，-y，y，y）
乌龟=乌龟。乌龟（）#创造乌龟
乌龟。藏身处（）#隐藏乌龟邮票
乌龟，举起乌龟笔
乌龟。设置位置（x_位置，y_位置）#乌龟位置
乌龟，放下乌龟笔
乌龟。速度（5）#设定牵引速度
对于范围（n）中的i：
如果abs（f[i]）<（（f[0]-f[n]）/3）：
乌龟色（“海绿”、“森林绿”）#设置乌龟色
elif abs（f[i]）>=（（f[0]-f[n]）/3）和abs（f[i]）<（（f[0]-f[n]）/1.5：
乌龟色（“橙色”、“金色”）#设置乌龟色
其他：
乌龟色（“珊瑚色”、“印度红”）#设置乌龟色
乌龟。开始填充（）#开始绘制形状
乌龟。左（90）
乌龟。前进（f[i]）#牵引杆高度
乌龟。右（90）
乌龟。向前（1/3*宽）#准备文本
如果f[i]>=0：
乌龟。写入（f[i]）#写入值
其他：
乌龟
乌龟。右（90）
乌龟。前进（15）
乌龟。写（f[i]）
乌龟。前进（-15）
乌龟。左（90）
乌龟
乌龟。向前（2/3*宽）#杆宽
乌龟。右（90）
乌龟前进（f[i]）
乌龟。左（90）
乌龟
乌龟。右（90）
乌龟。前进（25）
top["top"+str(i)] = {key:values["value"+str(i)]}

def remove_punctuation(text):
""""Removes punctuation characters from given text"""
punctuation = "~`!@#$%^&*()_-=+[{]}\\|'\";:,<.>/?"
text_wo_punctuation = ""
for word in text:
    if word not in punctuation:
        text_wo_punctuation += word
return text_wo_punctuation

def count_words(file):
    """Returns a dictionary of words and word count from "file" """
    with open(file) as f:
        text = remove_punctuation(f.read()).lower().split()
        dictionary = {}
        for word in text:
    #        print(word)
            if word in dictionary:
                dictionary[word] = dictionary[word] + 1
    #            print("**Existing**")
            else:
                dictionary[word] = 1
    #            print("**New**")
    #        print(dictionary[word])
    return dictionary
    #print(dictionary)

def dict_sort(d, reverse = False):
    """Sort given dictionary "d" in ascending (default)
        or descending (reverse = True) order
        Outputs tuple of: list of keys, list of values and dictionary
        Recommended format for output: a,b,c = dict_sort(d)"""
    key_list = []
    value_list = []
    for key in d:
        key_list.append(key)
        value_list.append(d[key])
    #print(key_list)
    #print(value_list)
    for i in range(len(value_list)-1):
        for i in range(len(value_list)-1):
            if reverse == False:
                if value_list[i] > value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i],value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1],value_list[i]
                    key_list[i],key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1],key_list[i]
            elif reverse == True:
                if value_list[i] < value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i],value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1],value_list[i]
                    key_list[i],key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1],key_list[i]
    d = {}
    for i in range(len(value_list)):
        d[key_list[i]] = value_list[i]
    sorted_dict = d    
    return key_list,value_list,sorted_dict

def word_freq():
    """Input how many words to plot on graph"""
    while True:
        try:
            n_freq = int(input("How many of the most frequent words would you like to display?\n"))
            if (n_freq < 1 or n_freq > 10):
                print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
                continue
        except(ValueError):
            print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
            continue
        else:
            break
    return n_freq

def graph_word_freq(n,f,w):                     #create function to draw chart
    """Draw bar chart of most frequent words in text
        n: number of words to plot (between 1 and 10)
        f: word frequency list
        w: word list"""

    import turtle                                       #import turtle module
    window = turtle.Screen()                            #create screen
    window.bgcolor("honeydew")                          #define screen color
    window.title("Most Frequent Words")                 #set window title
    if f[0] < 960:
        y = 500
        y_pos = -480
        width = 60
        spacing = 20
        x_pos = -(30+40*(n-1))
    else:
        width = 100
        spacing = 40
        y = f[0]/2+20
        y_pos = -f[0]/2
        x_pos = -(50+70*(n-1))

    #turtle.screensize(y,y)                              #set window size
    turtle.setworldcoordinates(-y,-y,y,y)
    tortoise = turtle.Turtle()                          #create turtle
    tortoise.hideturtle()                               #hide turtle stamp
    tortoise.penup()                                    #raise turtle pen
    tortoise.setposition(x_pos,y_pos)                   #position turtle
    tortoise.pendown()                                  #put turtle pen down
    tortoise.speed(5)                                   #set drawing speed

    for i in range(n):
        if abs(f[i]) < ((f[0]-f[n])/3):
            tortoise.color("SeaGreen","ForestGreen")    #set turtle color
        elif abs(f[i]) >= ((f[0]-f[n])/3) and abs(f[i]) < ((f[0]-f[n])/1.5):
            tortoise.color("orange","gold")             #set turtle color
        else:
            tortoise.color("coral3","IndianRed")        #set turtle color

        tortoise.begin_fill()                           #begin drawing shapes
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(f[i])                          #draw bar height
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(1/3*width)                            #prepare for text
        if f[i] >= 0:
            tortoise.write(f[i])                        #write value
        else:
            tortoise.penup()
            tortoise.right(90)
            tortoise.forward(15)
            tortoise.write(f[i])
            tortoise.forward(-15)
            tortoise.left(90)
            tortoise.pendown()
        tortoise.forward(2/3*width)                     #bar width
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(f[i])
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.penup()
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(25)
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(-2/3*width)
        tortoise.write(w[i])                            #write word
        tortoise.forward(2/3*width)
        tortoise.left(90)
        tortoise.forward(25)
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(spacing)                       #spacing
        tortoise.pendown()
        tortoise.end_fill()                             #stop drawing shapes
    turtle.exitonclick()

dictionary = count_words("New Text Document.txt")

words,values,dictionary = dict_sort(dictionary, reverse = True)

n_freq = word_freq()

graph_word_freq(n_freq,values,words)

from turtle import Screen, Turtle
from collections import defaultdict

PUNCTUATION = "~`!@#$%^&*()_-=+[{]}\\|'\";:,<.>/?"

def remove_punctuation(text):
    """ Removes punctuation characters from given text """

    text_wo_punctuation = ""

    for letter in text:
        if letter not in PUNCTUATION:
            text_wo_punctuation += letter

    return text_wo_punctuation

def count_words(filename):
    """ Returns a dictionary of words and word count from "file" """

    dictionary = defaultdict(int)  # if you won't use Counter, at least use defaultdict()

    with open(filename) as file:
        text = remove_punctuation(file.read()).lower().split()

        for word in text:
            dictionary[word] += 1

    return dictionary

def dict_sort(d, reverse=False):
    """
    Sort given dictionary "d" values (& keys) in ascending (default)
    or descending (reverse = True) order
    Outputs tuple of: list of keys, list of values
    Recommended format for output: k, v = dict_sort(d)
    """

    key_list = list(d.keys())
    value_list = list(d.values())

    for _ in range(len(value_list) - 1):
        for i in range(len(value_list) - 1):
            if reverse:
                if value_list[i] > value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i], value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1], value_list[i]
                    key_list[i], key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1], key_list[i]
            else:
                if value_list[i] < value_list[i+1]:
                    value_list[i], value_list[i+1] = value_list[i+1], value_list[i]
                    key_list[i], key_list[i+1] = key_list[i+1], key_list[i]

    return key_list, value_list

def word_freq():
    """ Input how many words to plot on graph """

    while True:
        try:
            n_freq = int(input("How many of the most frequent words would you like to display?\n"))

            if not 1 <= n_freq <= 10:
                print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
                continue

        except ValueError:
            print("Please input an integer between 1 and 10:")
            continue
        else:
            break

    return n_freq

def graph_word_freq(n, f, w):
    """
    Draw bar chart of most frequent words in text
    n: number of words to plot (between 1 and 10)
    f: word frequency list
    w: word list
    """

    window = Screen()
    window.bgcolor("honeydew")
    window.title("Most Frequent Words")

    if f[0] < 960:
        width = 60
        spacing = 20
        y = 500
        y_pos = -480
        x_pos = - (30 + 40 * (n - 1))
    else:
        width = 100
        spacing = 40
        y = f[0] / 2 + 20
        y_pos = -f[0] / 2
        x_pos = - (50 + 70 * (n - 1))

    window.setworldcoordinates(-y, -y, y, y)
    tortoise = Turtle(visible=False)
    tortoise.speed('fastest')  # because I have no patience

    tortoise.penup()
    tortoise.setposition(x_pos, y_pos)

    for i in range(n):
        if f[i] < (f[0] - f[n]) / 3:
            tortoise.color("SeaGreen", "ForestGreen")
        elif (f[0] - f[n]) / 3 <= f[i] < (f[0] - f[n]) / 1.5:
            tortoise.color("orange", "gold")
        else:
            tortoise.color("coral3", "IndianRed")

        tortoise.left(90)

        tortoise.begin_fill()

        tortoise.forward(f[i])
        tortoise.right(90)

        tortoise.forward(1/2 * width)
        tortoise.write(f[i], align='center')
        tortoise.forward(1/2 * width)

        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(f[i])

        tortoise.end_fill()

        tortoise.forward(20)
        tortoise.right(90)

        tortoise.forward(1/2 * width)
        tortoise.write(w[i], align='center')
        tortoise.backward(1/2 * width)

        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(20)
        tortoise.right(90)
        tortoise.forward(spacing)

    window.exitonclick()

dictionary = count_words("New Text Document.txt")

words, values = dict_sort(dictionary, reverse=True)

n_freq = word_freq()

graph_word_freq(n_freq, values, words)