如何在Python/Spyder中向新的tkinter窗口添加按钮？

我试图在Spyder中创建一个使用tkinter的程序，一切都按计划进行，但是，我在让计算器按钮显示在计算器窗口中时遇到问题。按钮的工作原理与我在根/主屏幕上尝试的相同，但当我尝试将它们添加到计算器窗口时，我会在执行程序时弹出错误“name‘calcWindow’not defined”，如果有人能够推动我朝着正确的方向解决此问题，我将不胜感激

我的代码将显示在下面

    from tkinter import * 
import tkinter as tk

root = Tk()#Creates root widget 
root.title("Welcome Screen")#Names the welcome screen 
welcomeLabel = Label (root, text="Hello user, welcome to the text input and calculator program")#Creates label widget 
welcomeLabel.grid(row=0, column=0)#Casts label to screen in specified position

textInputButton = Button(root, text="Text Input Mode", command=tiClick, fg='red')#adds button
textInputButton.grid(row=1, column=10)#Positions button 

calc = Button(root, text="Calculator Mode", command=calcClick, fg='red')#adds button
calc.grid(row=2, column=10)#Positions button   

def tiClick():
     tInputWindow = Toplevel()#opens a new window for the text input mode   
     tInputWindow.title("Text Input Mode")#Names the new window 

def calcClick():
    calcWindow = Toplevel()#opens a new window for Calculator mode   
    calcWindow.title("Calculator Mode")#Names the new window    

def button_add():
    return         

#Defines calculator buttons and places them in grid setting on screen
button_1 = Button(calcWindow, text="1", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=0)
button_2 = Button(calcWindow, text="2", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=1)
button_3 = Button(calcWindow, text="3", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=2)
button_4 = Button(calcWindow, text="4", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=0)
button_5 = Button(calcWindow, text="5", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=1)
button_6 = Button(calcWindow, text="6", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=2)
button_7 = Button(calcWindow, text="7", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=0)
button_8 = Button(calcWindow, text="8", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=1)
button_9 = Button(calcWindow, text="9", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=2)
button_0 = Button(calcWindow, text="0", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=4, column=0)  

root.mainloop()

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当我添加“button_1”时，该行会弹出错误，并告诉我“calcWindow”未定义，但“calcWindow”被定义为一个具有“Toplevel”的新窗口。

您需要在函数calcClick（）中获取按钮位置和调用

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您应该将这些按钮移动到

calcClick（）

函数中。我以前确实尝试过，但将定义移动到了按钮下，以便在定义窗口之前，它尝试访问该窗口。谢谢：）

def calcClick():
    calcWindow = Toplevel()#opens a new window for Calculator mode   
    calcWindow.title("Calculator Mode")#Names the new window   
    #Defines calculator buttons and places them in grid setting on screen
    button_1 = Button(calcWindow, text="1", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=0)
    button_2 = Button(calcWindow, text="2", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=1)
    button_3 = Button(calcWindow, text="3", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=3, column=2)
    button_4 = Button(calcWindow, text="4", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=0)
    button_5 = Button(calcWindow, text="5", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=1)
    button_6 = Button(calcWindow, text="6", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=2, column=2)
    button_7 = Button(calcWindow, text="7", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=0)
    button_8 = Button(calcWindow, text="8", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=1)
    button_9 = Button(calcWindow, text="9", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=1, column=2)
    button_0 = Button(calcWindow, text="0", padx=40, pady=20 , command=button_add).grid(row=4, column=0)