Python 如何将传奇故事排除在情节之外
我有一系列的20个图(不是子图)要在一个图形中绘制。我希望图例在盒子外面。同时,我不想更改轴,因为图形的大小会减小。请帮我解答以下问题:Python 如何将传奇故事排除在情节之外,python,matplotlib,legend,Python,Matplotlib,Legend,我有一系列的20个图(不是子图)要在一个图形中绘制。我希望图例在盒子外面。同时,我不想更改轴,因为图形的大小会减小。请帮我解答以下问题: 我希望将图例框保留在绘图区域之外。(我希望图例位于绘图区域右侧的外侧) 无论如何,我是否要减小图例框内文本的字体大小,使图例框的大小变小 您可以通过指定FontProperties的set\u size使图例文本变小 资源: 有效字体大小为xx小、x小、小、中、大、x大、xx大、大、小、无 导入matplotlib.pyplot作为
- 您可以通过指定
的FontProperties
使图例文本变小set\u size
- 资源:
-
- 有效字体大小为xx小、x小、小、中、大、x大、xx大、大、小、无
-
导入matplotlib.pyplot作为plt
从matplotlib.font_管理器导入FontProperties
fontP=FontProperties()
fontP.set_大小('xx-small')
p1,=plt.plot([1,2,3],label='Line 1')
p2,=plt.plot([3,2,1],label='Line 2')
plt.图例(手柄=[p1,p2],title='title',bbox_to_锚=(1.05,1),loc='左上角',prop=fontP)
- 如所述,
也可以工作,无需导入fontsize='xx-small'
FontProperties
plt.legend(句柄=[p1,p2],title='title',bbox_to_锚=(1.05,1),loc='左上角',fontsize='xx-small')
要将图例放置在绘图区域之外,请使用loc
和bbox\u锚定图例()的关键字。例如,以下代码将图例放置在绘图区域的右侧:
legend(loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(1,1))
有关更多信息,请参见有多种方法可以实现您的愿望。要添加@inalis和@Navi已经说过的内容,可以使用bbox\u To\u anchor
关键字参数将图例部分放置在轴外和/或减小字体大小
在考虑减小字体大小(这会使阅读变得非常困难)之前,试着在不同地方放置图例来进行播放:
那么,让我们从一个通用示例开始:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
for i in xrange(5):
ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)
ax.legend()
plt.show()
如果我们做同样的事情,但使用bbox\u to\u anchor
关键字参数,我们可以将图例稍微移到轴边界之外:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
for i in xrange(5):
ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$' % i)
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.1, 1.05))
plt.show()
类似地,使图例更水平,并/或将其放置在图形顶部(我还将打开圆角和简单的阴影):
或者,缩小当前绘图的宽度,并将图例完全放在图形的轴之外(注意:如果使用,则省略ax.set_position()
:
以类似的方式,垂直收缩绘图,并在底部放置一个水平图例:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
for i in xrange(5):
line, = ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)
# Shrink current axis's height by 10% on the bottom
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0 + box.height * 0.1,
box.width, box.height * 0.9])
# Put a legend below current axis
ax.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.05),
fancybox=True, shadow=True, ncol=5)
plt.show()
查看。您也可以查看。您也可以尝试figlegend
。可以创建独立于任何轴对象的图例。但是,您可能需要创建一些“虚拟”确保正确传递对象格式的路径。简短回答:在图例上调用Dragable,并以交互方式将其移动到任何需要的位置:
ax.legend().draggable()
详细答案:如果您更喜欢以交互方式/手动方式而不是以编程方式放置图例,则可以切换图例的可拖动模式,以便将其拖动到所需的任何位置。请检查以下示例:
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np
#define the figure and get an axes instance
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
#plot the data
x = np.arange(-5, 6)
ax.plot(x, x*x, label='y = x^2')
ax.plot(x, x*x*x, label='y = x^3')
ax.legend().draggable()
plt.show()
从Joe的一段代码开始,这个方法修改窗口的宽度,使其自动适合图形右侧的图例
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.ion()
x = np.arange(10)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
for i in xrange(5):
ax.plot(x, i * x, label='$y = %ix$'%i)
# Put a legend to the right of the current axis
leg = ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
plt.draw()
# Get the ax dimensions.
box = ax.get_position()
xlocs = (box.x0,box.x1)
ylocs = (box.y0,box.y1)
# Get the figure size in inches and the dpi.
w, h = fig.get_size_inches()
dpi = fig.get_dpi()
# Get the legend size, calculate new window width and change the figure size.
legWidth = leg.get_window_extent().width
winWidthNew = w*dpi+legWidth
fig.set_size_inches(winWidthNew/dpi,h)
# Adjust the window size to fit the figure.
mgr = plt.get_current_fig_manager()
mgr.window.wm_geometry("%ix%i"%(winWidthNew,mgr.window.winfo_height()))
# Rescale the ax to keep its original size.
factor = w*dpi/winWidthNew
x0 = xlocs[0]*factor
x1 = xlocs[1]*factor
width = box.width*factor
ax.set_position([x0,ylocs[0],x1-x0,ylocs[1]-ylocs[0]])
plt.draw()
如前所述,您也可以将图例放置在绘图中,或稍微偏离其边缘。下面是一个使用的示例,由一个。我是团队成员
首先,您需要安装必要的软件包:
import plotly
import math
import random
import numpy as np
然后,以绘图方式安装:
un='IPython.Demo'
k='1fw3zw2o13'
py = plotly.plotly(username=un, key=k)
def sin(x,n):
sine = 0
for i in range(n):
sign = (-1)**i
sine = sine + ((x**(2.0*i+1))/math.factorial(2*i+1))*sign
return sine
x = np.arange(-12,12,0.1)
anno = {
'text': '$\\sum_{k=0}^{\\infty} \\frac {(-1)^k x^{1+2k}}{(1 + 2k)!}$',
'x': 0.3, 'y': 0.6,'xref': "paper", 'yref': "paper",'showarrow': False,
'font':{'size':24}
}
l = {
'annotations': [anno],
'title': 'Taylor series of sine',
'xaxis':{'ticks':'','linecolor':'white','showgrid':False,'zeroline':False},
'yaxis':{'ticks':'','linecolor':'white','showgrid':False,'zeroline':False},
'legend':{'font':{'size':16},'bordercolor':'white','bgcolor':'#fcfcfc'}
}
py.iplot([{'x':x, 'y':sin(x,1), 'line':{'color':'#e377c2'}, 'name':'$x\\\\$'},\
{'x':x, 'y':sin(x,2), 'line':{'color':'#7f7f7f'},'name':'$ x-\\frac{x^3}{6}$'},\
{'x':x, 'y':sin(x,3), 'line':{'color':'#bcbd22'},'name':'$ x-\\frac{x^3}{6}+\\frac{x^5}{120}$'},\
{'x':x, 'y':sin(x,4), 'line':{'color':'#17becf'},'name':'$ x-\\frac{x^5}{120}$'}], layout=l)
这将创建图形,并允许您将图例保留在绘图本身中。如果未设置图例,则默认将其放置在绘图中,如图所示
对于另一种放置方式,您可以将图形的边缘与图例的边框紧密对齐,并删除边框线以实现更紧密的拟合
您可以使用代码或GUI移动并重新设置图例和图形的样式。要移动图例,您可以使用以下选项,通过指定的x和y值将图例放置在图形中,这与您的要求不符,但我发现这是解决同一问题的另一种方法。
使图例半透明,如下所示:
通过以下方式执行此操作:
fig = pylab.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(x,y,label=label,color=color)
# Make the legend transparent:
ax.legend(loc=2,fontsize=10,fancybox=True).get_frame().set_alpha(0.5)
# Make a transparent text box
ax.text(0.02,0.02,yourstring, verticalalignment='bottom',
horizontalalignment='left',
fontsize=10,
bbox={'facecolor':'white', 'alpha':0.6, 'pad':10},
transform=self.ax.transAxes)
下面是matplotlib教程中的一个示例。这是一个更简单的示例,但我在图例中添加了透明度,并添加了plt.show(),因此您可以将其粘贴到交互式shell中并获得结果:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
p1, = plt.plot([1, 2, 3])
p2, = plt.plot([3, 2, 1])
p3, = plt.plot([2, 3, 1])
plt.legend([p2, p1, p3], ["line 1", "line 2", "line 3"]).get_frame().set_alpha(0.5)
plt.show()
只需在plot()之后调用legend()
调用,如下所示:
# matplotlib
plt.plot(...)
plt.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
# Pandas
df.myCol.plot().legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
结果如下所示:
# matplotlib
plt.plot(...)
plt.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
# Pandas
df.myCol.plot().legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
简短回答:你可以使用bbox\u来锚定+bbox\u额外的艺术家
+bbox\u inches='tight'
详细回答:
您可以使用bbox\u to\u anchor
手动指定图例框的位置,正如其他人在回答中指出的那样
但是,通常的问题是图例框被裁剪,例如:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# data
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]
# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)
# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend( [ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')
fig.savefig('image_output.png', dpi=300, format='png')
为了防止图例框被裁剪,在保存图形时,可以使用参数bbox\u extra\u artists
和bbox\u inches
要求savefig
在保存的图像中包含裁剪的元素:
fig.savefig('image\u output.png',bbox\u extra\u美工=(lgd,),bbox\u inches='tight')
示例(我只更改了最后一行,将两个参数添加到fig.savefig()
):
我希望matplotlib本机允许图例框的外部位置为:
除了所有的例外
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# data
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]
# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)
# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend( [ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')
fig.savefig('image_output.png', dpi=300, format='png')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# data
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]
# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)
# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend( [ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')
fig.savefig('image_output.png', dpi=300, format='png', bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,), bbox_inches='tight')
figure
x = 0:.2:12;
plot(x,besselj(1,x),x,besselj(2,x),x,besselj(3,x));
hleg = legend('First','Second','Third',...
'Location','NorthEastOutside')
% Make the text of the legend italic and color it brown
set(hleg,'FontAngle','italic','TextColor',[.3,.2,.1])
pylab.legend(loc='best')
f = plt.figure()
ax = f.add_subplot(414)
lgd = ax.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(0, 4), mode="expand", borderaxespad=0.3)
ax.autoscale_view()
plt.savefig(fig_name, format='svg', dpi=1200, bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,), bbox_inches='tight')
from matplotlib as plt
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
t = A[:,0]
sensors = A[:,index_lst]
for i in range(sensors.shape[1]):
plt.plot(t,sensors[:,i])
plt.xlabel('s')
plt.ylabel('°C')
lgd = plt.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5),fancybox = True, shadow = True)
plt.legend(loc=(1.04,0))
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04,1), loc="upper left")
l1 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04,1), borderaxespad=0)
l2 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04,0), loc="lower left", borderaxespad=0)
l3 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.04,0.5), loc="center left", borderaxespad=0)
l4 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0,1.02,1,0.2), loc="lower left",
mode="expand", borderaxespad=0, ncol=3)
l5 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1,0), loc="lower right",
bbox_transform=fig.transFigure, ncol=3)
l6 = plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0.4,0.8), loc="upper right")
plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.7)
plt.tight_layout(rect=[0,0,0.75,1])
plt.savefig("output.png", bbox_inches="tight")
fig.legend(loc=7)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0,2*np.pi)
colors=["#7aa0c4","#ca82e1" ,"#8bcd50","#e18882"]
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2)
for i in range(4):
axes[i//2].plot(x,np.sin(x+i), color=colors[i],label="y=sin(x+{})".format(i))
fig.legend(loc=7)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.75)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = 6,2
fig, (ax,lax) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, gridspec_kw={"width_ratios":[4,1]})
ax.plot(x,y, label="y=sin(x)")
....
h,l = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
lax.legend(h,l, borderaxespad=0)
lax.axis("off")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0,0,1,1), bbox_transform=lax.transAxes)
lax.axis("off")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], label="Label 1")
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 2], label='Label 2')
plt.legend(loc=(1.05, 0.5))
plt.tight_layout()