Python Django：“；AppRegistryNotReady：应用程序不可用；“尚未加载”；部署到Heroku时

我在部署到生产环境时总是遇到错误（Heroku），但该应用程序在我的本地主机上运行良好。我看到很多其他人都有这个问题，但没有一个解决方案适合我。一个重要的注意事项是，我不调用

django.setup（）

，因为当我调用时，会出现另一个错误（

auth.User model not found

），但根据，在web服务器上运行应用程序时，您不必调用该错误（就像我一样）。我真的被困在这个问题上了，所以我非常感谢任何人能给予我的帮助

错误是：

File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 136, in check_apps_ready
2021-03-26T10:33:44.756357+00:00 app[web.1]: raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
2021-03-26T10:33:44.756413+00:00 app[web.1]: django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

我在Django 3.1.7上，查看了我的requirements.txt，我相信我的应用程序是最新的

文件结构：

下面是我的代码：

Procfile

release: python manage.py migrate
web: daphne django_project.asgi:application --port $PORT --bind 0.0.0.0 -v2
worker: python manage.py runworker channels --settings=django_project.settings -v2

blog/models.py

print('~~~\n\nvery top in blog/models.py\n\n~~~')

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from django.urls import reverse
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# import django # should not need
import os
import django_heroku


print('~~~At top of settings~~~ ')
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

SECRET_KEY = 'exhlfdat&vfum(-34*c2uroi(($ww(yo$9pv98=e6p^gl(-eoj' #todo: test removing this in own deployment

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']

# Application definition
# Allows Django to look for models (for Databases)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'crispy_forms',
    'channels',
    'dal',
    'dal_select2',
    'storages',
    'blog',
    'chat',
    'users',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_project.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        #'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '')], #
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.asgi.application' # older version of django: 'django_project.routing.application'


DB_URL = os.environ['DATABASE_URL']
DATABASE_URL = DB_URL

DATABASES = { # Use this to use local test DB
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'blog-home'
LOGIN_URL = 'login'

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_HOST_USER = os.environ.get('EMAIL_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('EMAIL_PASS')

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')

AWS_S3_FILE_OVERWRITE = False
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = None

DEBUG = 'True'

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [os.environ.get('REDIS_URL', 'redis://localhost:6379')],
        },
    },
}

django_heroku.settings(locals()) # maybe need maybe not

# CACHES = { # maybe need maybe not
#     "default": {
#          "BACKEND": "redis_cache.RedisCache",
#          "LOCATION": os.environ.get('REDIS_TLS_URL'),
#          "OPTIONS": {
#             "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {
#                 "ssl_cert_reqs": False
#             }
#         }
#     }
# }

DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS = 4000


# django.setup() #todo maybe need #MAY NEED TO DO THIS, BUT WHEN I DO I GET "auth.User model not found" error

import os
import django
from channels.routing import get_default_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'core.settings')
django.setup()
application = get_default_application()

设置.py

print('~~~\n\nvery top in blog/models.py\n\n~~~')

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from django.urls import reverse
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# import django # should not need
import os
import django_heroku


print('~~~At top of settings~~~ ')
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

SECRET_KEY = 'exhlfdat&vfum(-34*c2uroi(($ww(yo$9pv98=e6p^gl(-eoj' #todo: test removing this in own deployment

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']

# Application definition
# Allows Django to look for models (for Databases)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'crispy_forms',
    'channels',
    'dal',
    'dal_select2',
    'storages',
    'blog',
    'chat',
    'users',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_project.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        #'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '')], #
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.asgi.application' # older version of django: 'django_project.routing.application'


DB_URL = os.environ['DATABASE_URL']
DATABASE_URL = DB_URL

DATABASES = { # Use this to use local test DB
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'blog-home'
LOGIN_URL = 'login'

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_HOST_USER = os.environ.get('EMAIL_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('EMAIL_PASS')

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')

AWS_S3_FILE_OVERWRITE = False
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = None

DEBUG = 'True'

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [os.environ.get('REDIS_URL', 'redis://localhost:6379')],
        },
    },
}

django_heroku.settings(locals()) # maybe need maybe not

# CACHES = { # maybe need maybe not
#     "default": {
#          "BACKEND": "redis_cache.RedisCache",
#          "LOCATION": os.environ.get('REDIS_TLS_URL'),
#          "OPTIONS": {
#             "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {
#                 "ssl_cert_reqs": False
#             }
#         }
#     }
# }

DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS = 4000


# django.setup() #todo maybe need #MAY NEED TO DO THIS, BUT WHEN I DO I GET "auth.User model not found" error

import os
import django
from channels.routing import get_default_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'core.settings')
django.setup()
application = get_default_application()

asgi.py

print('~~~\n\nvery top in blog/models.py\n\n~~~')

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from django.urls import reverse
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# import django # should not need
import os
import django_heroku


print('~~~At top of settings~~~ ')
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

SECRET_KEY = 'exhlfdat&vfum(-34*c2uroi(($ww(yo$9pv98=e6p^gl(-eoj' #todo: test removing this in own deployment

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']

# Application definition
# Allows Django to look for models (for Databases)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'crispy_forms',
    'channels',
    'dal',
    'dal_select2',
    'storages',
    'blog',
    'chat',
    'users',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_project.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        #'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '')], #
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.asgi.application' # older version of django: 'django_project.routing.application'


DB_URL = os.environ['DATABASE_URL']
DATABASE_URL = DB_URL

DATABASES = { # Use this to use local test DB
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'blog-home'
LOGIN_URL = 'login'

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_HOST_USER = os.environ.get('EMAIL_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('EMAIL_PASS')

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')

AWS_S3_FILE_OVERWRITE = False
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = None

DEBUG = 'True'

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
    'default': {
        'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
        'CONFIG': {
            "hosts": [os.environ.get('REDIS_URL', 'redis://localhost:6379')],
        },
    },
}

django_heroku.settings(locals()) # maybe need maybe not

# CACHES = { # maybe need maybe not
#     "default": {
#          "BACKEND": "redis_cache.RedisCache",
#          "LOCATION": os.environ.get('REDIS_TLS_URL'),
#          "OPTIONS": {
#             "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {
#                 "ssl_cert_reqs": False
#             }
#         }
#     }
# }

DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS = 4000


# django.setup() #todo maybe need #MAY NEED TO DO THIS, BUT WHEN I DO I GET "auth.User model not found" error

import os
import django
from channels.routing import get_default_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'core.settings')
django.setup()
application = get_default_application()

~~重要更新：~~~

在我的Procfile中，作为测试，我从使用daphne切换到gunicorn，应用程序成功构建！但是现在，我在下面得到了这个错误。似乎Django由于某种原因无法加载我的'Django.contrib.auth'应用程序。这类似于我以前遇到的另一个错误：

配置不正确：AUTH\u USER\u MODEL指的是尚未安装的模型“AUTH.USER”

。有关该错误的详细信息如下所示

---

我在这一点上感到绝望，并考虑销毁我的数据库，然后进行迁移，但我不确定这是否会导致问题，甚至会解决问题。目前我没有任何有价值的数据，因此可能值得一试？

因此，如果将来有人读到这篇文章，有两件事会导致这个问题：

我复制并粘贴了python项目中常用的.gitignore文件，其中包括忽略db.sqlite3文件。一旦我把它从gitignore中删除，这个问题就消失了

当我从gunicorn（wsgi）搬到daphne（asgi）后遇到这个问题时，我又犯了这个错误。我所要做的就是将下面的代码移动到asgi.py的顶部：

• 从django.core.asgi导入获取\u asgi\u应用程序
• django_asgi_app=get_asgi_application（）

---

能否显示您的

django\u项目/asgi.py

文件？请确保包含heroku上使用的文件，因为我可以看到您的本地项目副本中的文件已被修改。@GwynBleidD我刚刚添加了我的asgi.py文件，这就是当前推送到heroku的文件，直到遇到此问题为止。在procfile中使用gunicorn很好，但在使用daphne时会断开