在不安装包的情况下列出R包依赖项_R_Version Control_Dependencies_Packages

在不安装包的情况下列出R包依赖项
r version-control dependencies
在不安装包的情况下列出R包依赖项,r,version-control,dependencies,packages,R,Version Control,Dependencies,Packages,有没有一种简单的方法可以在不安装包及其依赖项的情况下获取给定包的R包依赖项列表（所有递归依赖项）？类似于portupgrade或apt中的假安装。您可以使用可用的软件包功能的结果。例如，要查看ggplot2所依赖的内容： pack <- available.packages() pack["ggplot2","Depends"] 请注意，根据您想要实现的目标，您可能还需要检查导入字段。我没有安装R，我需要根据请求在我的公司使用的R软件包列表找出哪些R软件包是依赖的我编写了一个bash脚
有没有一种简单的方法可以在不安装包及其依赖项的情况下获取给定包的R包依赖项列表（所有递归依赖项）？类似于portupgrade或apt中的假安装。
您可以使用可用的
软件包功能的结果。例如，要查看ggplot2
所依赖的内容：
pack <- available.packages()
pack["ggplot2","Depends"]

请注意，根据您想要实现的目标，您可能还需要检查导入字段。
我没有安装R，我需要根据请求在我的公司使用的R软件包列表找出哪些R软件包是依赖的
我编写了一个bash脚本，它迭代文件中的R包列表，并将递归地发现依赖项
脚本使用名为rinput_orig.txt的文件作为输入（下面的示例）。脚本在工作时将创建一个名为rinput.txt的文件
该脚本将创建以下文件：

rdepsfound.txt列出找到的依赖项，包括依赖于它的R包（下面的示例）
routput.txt-列出所有R包（来自原始列表和依赖项列表）以及许可证和CRAN URL（下面的示例）
r404.txt-尝试卷曲时收到404的R包列表。如果您的原始列表有任何打字错误，这将非常方便

Bash脚本：
#!/bin/bash

# CLEANUP
rm routput.txt
rm rdepsfound.txt
rm r404.txt

# COPY ORIGINAL INPUT TO WORKING INPUT
cp rinput_orig.txt rinput.txt

IFS=","
while read PACKAGE; do
    echo Processing $PACKAGE...

    PACKAGEURL="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/${PACKAGE}/index.html"

    if [ `curl -o /dev/null --silent --head --write-out '%{http_code}\n' ${PACKAGEURL}` != 404 ]; then
        # GET LICENSE INFO OF PACKAGE
        LICENSEINFO=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "License:" | grep -v "License:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}' | sed "s/|/,/g" | sed "s/+/,/g")
        for x in ${LICENSEINFO[*]}
        do
            # SAVE LICENSE
            LICENSE=$(echo ${x} | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}')
            break
        done

        # WRITE PACKAGE AND LICENSE TO OUTPUT FILE
        echo $PACKAGE $LICENSE $PACKAGEURL >> routput.txt

        # GET DEPENDENCIES OF PACKAGE
        DEPS=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "Depends:" | grep -v "Depends:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}')
        for x in ${DEPS[*]}
        do
            FOUNDDEP=$(echo "${x}" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}' | sed "s/<\/span>//g")
            if [ "$FOUNDDEP" != "" ]; then
                echo Found dependency $FOUNDDEP for $PACKAGE...
                grep $FOUNDDEP rinput.txt > /dev/null
                if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
                    echo $FOUNDDEP already exists in package list...
                else
                    echo Adding $FOUNDDEP to package list...
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY BACK TO INPUT LIST
                    echo $FOUNDDEP >> rinput.txt
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY TO DEPENDENCY LIST FOR EASY VIEWING OF ALL FOUND DEPENDENCIES
                    echo $FOUNDDEP is a dependency of $PACKAGE >> rdepsfound.txt
                fi
            fi
        done
    else
        echo Skipping $PACKAGE because 404 was received...
        echo $PACKAGE $PACKAGEURL >> r404.txt
    fi

done < rinput.txt
echo -e "\nRESULT:"
sort -u routput.txt

shiny
rmarkdown
xtable
RODBC
RJDBC
XLConnect
openxlsx
xlsx
Rcpp

Processing shiny...
Processing rmarkdown...
Processing xtable...
Processing RODBC...
Processing RJDBC...
Found dependency DBI for RJDBC...
Adding DBI to package list...
Found dependency rJava for RJDBC...
Adding rJava to package list...
Processing XLConnect...
Found dependency XLConnectJars for XLConnect...
Adding XLConnectJars to package list...
Processing openxlsx...
Processing xlsx...
Found dependency rJava for xlsx...
rJava already exists in package list...
Found dependency xlsxjars for xlsx...
Adding xlsxjars to package list...
Processing Rcpp...
Processing DBI...
Processing rJava...
Processing XLConnectJars...
Processing xlsxjars...
Found dependency rJava for xlsxjars...
rJava already exists in package list...

DBI is a dependency of RJDBC
rJava is a dependency of RJDBC
XLConnectJars is a dependency of XLConnect
xlsxjars is a dependency of xlsx

shiny GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shiny/index.html
rmarkdown GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rmarkdown/index.html
xtable GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtable/index.html
RODBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html
RJDBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RJDBC/index.html
XLConnect GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnect/index.html
openxlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/openxlsx/index.html
xlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/index.html
Rcpp GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Rcpp/index.html
DBI LGPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DBI/index.html
rJava GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rJava/index.html
XLConnectJars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnectJars/index.html
xlsxjars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsxjars/index.html

运行脚本时控制台输出示例：
#!/bin/bash

# CLEANUP
rm routput.txt
rm rdepsfound.txt
rm r404.txt

# COPY ORIGINAL INPUT TO WORKING INPUT
cp rinput_orig.txt rinput.txt

IFS=","
while read PACKAGE; do
    echo Processing $PACKAGE...

    PACKAGEURL="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/${PACKAGE}/index.html"

    if [ `curl -o /dev/null --silent --head --write-out '%{http_code}\n' ${PACKAGEURL}` != 404 ]; then
        # GET LICENSE INFO OF PACKAGE
        LICENSEINFO=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "License:" | grep -v "License:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}' | sed "s/|/,/g" | sed "s/+/,/g")
        for x in ${LICENSEINFO[*]}
        do
            # SAVE LICENSE
            LICENSE=$(echo ${x} | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}')
            break
        done

        # WRITE PACKAGE AND LICENSE TO OUTPUT FILE
        echo $PACKAGE $LICENSE $PACKAGEURL >> routput.txt

        # GET DEPENDENCIES OF PACKAGE
        DEPS=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "Depends:" | grep -v "Depends:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}')
        for x in ${DEPS[*]}
        do
            FOUNDDEP=$(echo "${x}" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}' | sed "s/<\/span>//g")
            if [ "$FOUNDDEP" != "" ]; then
                echo Found dependency $FOUNDDEP for $PACKAGE...
                grep $FOUNDDEP rinput.txt > /dev/null
                if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
                    echo $FOUNDDEP already exists in package list...
                else
                    echo Adding $FOUNDDEP to package list...
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY BACK TO INPUT LIST
                    echo $FOUNDDEP >> rinput.txt
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY TO DEPENDENCY LIST FOR EASY VIEWING OF ALL FOUND DEPENDENCIES
                    echo $FOUNDDEP is a dependency of $PACKAGE >> rdepsfound.txt
                fi
            fi
        done
    else
        echo Skipping $PACKAGE because 404 was received...
        echo $PACKAGE $PACKAGEURL >> r404.txt
    fi

done < rinput.txt
echo -e "\nRESULT:"
sort -u routput.txt

shiny
rmarkdown
xtable
RODBC
RJDBC
XLConnect
openxlsx
xlsx
Rcpp

Processing shiny...
Processing rmarkdown...
Processing xtable...
Processing RODBC...
Processing RJDBC...
Found dependency DBI for RJDBC...
Adding DBI to package list...
Found dependency rJava for RJDBC...
Adding rJava to package list...
Processing XLConnect...
Found dependency XLConnectJars for XLConnect...
Adding XLConnectJars to package list...
Processing openxlsx...
Processing xlsx...
Found dependency rJava for xlsx...
rJava already exists in package list...
Found dependency xlsxjars for xlsx...
Adding xlsxjars to package list...
Processing Rcpp...
Processing DBI...
Processing rJava...
Processing XLConnectJars...
Processing xlsxjars...
Found dependency rJava for xlsxjars...
rJava already exists in package list...

DBI is a dependency of RJDBC
rJava is a dependency of RJDBC
XLConnectJars is a dependency of XLConnect
xlsxjars is a dependency of xlsx

shiny GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shiny/index.html
rmarkdown GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rmarkdown/index.html
xtable GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtable/index.html
RODBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html
RJDBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RJDBC/index.html
XLConnect GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnect/index.html
openxlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/openxlsx/index.html
xlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/index.html
Rcpp GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Rcpp/index.html
DBI LGPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DBI/index.html
rJava GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rJava/index.html
XLConnectJars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnectJars/index.html
xlsxjars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsxjars/index.html

示例rdepsfound.txt:
#!/bin/bash

# CLEANUP
rm routput.txt
rm rdepsfound.txt
rm r404.txt

# COPY ORIGINAL INPUT TO WORKING INPUT
cp rinput_orig.txt rinput.txt

IFS=","
while read PACKAGE; do
    echo Processing $PACKAGE...

    PACKAGEURL="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/${PACKAGE}/index.html"

    if [ `curl -o /dev/null --silent --head --write-out '%{http_code}\n' ${PACKAGEURL}` != 404 ]; then
        # GET LICENSE INFO OF PACKAGE
        LICENSEINFO=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "License:" | grep -v "License:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}' | sed "s/|/,/g" | sed "s/+/,/g")
        for x in ${LICENSEINFO[*]}
        do
            # SAVE LICENSE
            LICENSE=$(echo ${x} | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}')
            break
        done

        # WRITE PACKAGE AND LICENSE TO OUTPUT FILE
        echo $PACKAGE $LICENSE $PACKAGEURL >> routput.txt

        # GET DEPENDENCIES OF PACKAGE
        DEPS=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "Depends:" | grep -v "Depends:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}')
        for x in ${DEPS[*]}
        do
            FOUNDDEP=$(echo "${x}" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}' | sed "s/<\/span>//g")
            if [ "$FOUNDDEP" != "" ]; then
                echo Found dependency $FOUNDDEP for $PACKAGE...
                grep $FOUNDDEP rinput.txt > /dev/null
                if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
                    echo $FOUNDDEP already exists in package list...
                else
                    echo Adding $FOUNDDEP to package list...
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY BACK TO INPUT LIST
                    echo $FOUNDDEP >> rinput.txt
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY TO DEPENDENCY LIST FOR EASY VIEWING OF ALL FOUND DEPENDENCIES
                    echo $FOUNDDEP is a dependency of $PACKAGE >> rdepsfound.txt
                fi
            fi
        done
    else
        echo Skipping $PACKAGE because 404 was received...
        echo $PACKAGE $PACKAGEURL >> r404.txt
    fi

done < rinput.txt
echo -e "\nRESULT:"
sort -u routput.txt

shiny
rmarkdown
xtable
RODBC
RJDBC
XLConnect
openxlsx
xlsx
Rcpp

Processing shiny...
Processing rmarkdown...
Processing xtable...
Processing RODBC...
Processing RJDBC...
Found dependency DBI for RJDBC...
Adding DBI to package list...
Found dependency rJava for RJDBC...
Adding rJava to package list...
Processing XLConnect...
Found dependency XLConnectJars for XLConnect...
Adding XLConnectJars to package list...
Processing openxlsx...
Processing xlsx...
Found dependency rJava for xlsx...
rJava already exists in package list...
Found dependency xlsxjars for xlsx...
Adding xlsxjars to package list...
Processing Rcpp...
Processing DBI...
Processing rJava...
Processing XLConnectJars...
Processing xlsxjars...
Found dependency rJava for xlsxjars...
rJava already exists in package list...

DBI is a dependency of RJDBC
rJava is a dependency of RJDBC
XLConnectJars is a dependency of XLConnect
xlsxjars is a dependency of xlsx

shiny GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shiny/index.html
rmarkdown GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rmarkdown/index.html
xtable GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtable/index.html
RODBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html
RJDBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RJDBC/index.html
XLConnect GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnect/index.html
openxlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/openxlsx/index.html
xlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/index.html
Rcpp GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Rcpp/index.html
DBI LGPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DBI/index.html
rJava GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rJava/index.html
XLConnectJars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnectJars/index.html
xlsxjars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsxjars/index.html

示例routput.txt:
#!/bin/bash

# CLEANUP
rm routput.txt
rm rdepsfound.txt
rm r404.txt

# COPY ORIGINAL INPUT TO WORKING INPUT
cp rinput_orig.txt rinput.txt

IFS=","
while read PACKAGE; do
    echo Processing $PACKAGE...

    PACKAGEURL="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/${PACKAGE}/index.html"

    if [ `curl -o /dev/null --silent --head --write-out '%{http_code}\n' ${PACKAGEURL}` != 404 ]; then
        # GET LICENSE INFO OF PACKAGE
        LICENSEINFO=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "License:" | grep -v "License:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}' | sed "s/|/,/g" | sed "s/+/,/g")
        for x in ${LICENSEINFO[*]}
        do
            # SAVE LICENSE
            LICENSE=$(echo ${x} | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}')
            break
        done

        # WRITE PACKAGE AND LICENSE TO OUTPUT FILE
        echo $PACKAGE $LICENSE $PACKAGEURL >> routput.txt

        # GET DEPENDENCIES OF PACKAGE
        DEPS=$(curl ${PACKAGEURL} 2>/dev/null | grep -A1 "Depends:" | grep -v "Depends:" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[0]}')
        for x in ${DEPS[*]}
        do
            FOUNDDEP=$(echo "${x}" | gawk 'match($0, /<a href=".*">(.*)<\/a>/, a) {print a[1]}' | sed "s/<\/span>//g")
            if [ "$FOUNDDEP" != "" ]; then
                echo Found dependency $FOUNDDEP for $PACKAGE...
                grep $FOUNDDEP rinput.txt > /dev/null
                if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
                    echo $FOUNDDEP already exists in package list...
                else
                    echo Adding $FOUNDDEP to package list...
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY BACK TO INPUT LIST
                    echo $FOUNDDEP >> rinput.txt
                    # SAVE FOUND DEPENDENCY TO DEPENDENCY LIST FOR EASY VIEWING OF ALL FOUND DEPENDENCIES
                    echo $FOUNDDEP is a dependency of $PACKAGE >> rdepsfound.txt
                fi
            fi
        done
    else
        echo Skipping $PACKAGE because 404 was received...
        echo $PACKAGE $PACKAGEURL >> r404.txt
    fi

done < rinput.txt
echo -e "\nRESULT:"
sort -u routput.txt

shiny
rmarkdown
xtable
RODBC
RJDBC
XLConnect
openxlsx
xlsx
Rcpp

Processing shiny...
Processing rmarkdown...
Processing xtable...
Processing RODBC...
Processing RJDBC...
Found dependency DBI for RJDBC...
Adding DBI to package list...
Found dependency rJava for RJDBC...
Adding rJava to package list...
Processing XLConnect...
Found dependency XLConnectJars for XLConnect...
Adding XLConnectJars to package list...
Processing openxlsx...
Processing xlsx...
Found dependency rJava for xlsx...
rJava already exists in package list...
Found dependency xlsxjars for xlsx...
Adding xlsxjars to package list...
Processing Rcpp...
Processing DBI...
Processing rJava...
Processing XLConnectJars...
Processing xlsxjars...
Found dependency rJava for xlsxjars...
rJava already exists in package list...

DBI is a dependency of RJDBC
rJava is a dependency of RJDBC
XLConnectJars is a dependency of XLConnect
xlsxjars is a dependency of xlsx

shiny GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shiny/index.html
rmarkdown GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rmarkdown/index.html
xtable GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtable/index.html
RODBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBC/index.html
RJDBC GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RJDBC/index.html
XLConnect GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnect/index.html
openxlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/openxlsx/index.html
xlsx GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/index.html
Rcpp GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Rcpp/index.html
DBI LGPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DBI/index.html
rJava GPL-2 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rJava/index.html
XLConnectJars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/XLConnectJars/index.html
xlsxjars GPL-3 http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsxjars/index.html

我希望这对别人有帮助
 另一个简洁的解决方案是库packrat
中的内部函数recursivePackageDependencies
。但是，软件包必须安装在计算机上的某些库中。其优点是，它可以与自制的非CRAN包一起使用。例如：
packrat:::recursivePackageDependencies("ggplot2",lib.loc = .libPaths()[1])

给予：
 [1] "R6"           "RColorBrewer" "Rcpp"         "colorspace"   "dichromat"    "digest"       "gtable"      
 [8] "labeling"     "lazyeval"     "magrittr"     "munsell"      "plyr"         "reshape2"     "rlang"       
 [15] "scales"       "stringi"      "stringr"      "tibble"       "viridisLite" 

我很惊讶没有人提到tools:：package_dependencies（）
，这是最简单的解决方案，并且有一个递归的
参数（公认的解决方案没有提供）
查看CRAN上前200个包的递归依赖关系的简单示例：
库（tidyverse）
可用包装：7125 x 2
#>包装价值
#>                
#>1个可伸缩表
#>2 A3 PBA适用
#>3 A3平行
#>4 A3统计数据
#>5 A3 utils
#>6原子吸收分光光度计
#>7 aaSEA网络3
#>8 aaSEA闪亮
#>9 aaSEA shinydashboard
#>10 aaSEA magrittr
#>#…还有7115行

由（v0.3.0）创建于2020-12-04尝试以下操作：tools:：package\u dependencies（recursive=TRUE）$package\u name

例如，以下是dplyr的依赖项：
tools::package_dependencies(recursive = TRUE)$dplyr
 [1] "ellipsis"   "generics"   "glue"       "lifecycle"  "magrittr"   "methods"   
 [7] "R6"         "rlang"      "tibble"     "tidyselect" "utils"      "vctrs"     
[13] "cli"        "crayon"     "fansi"      "pillar"     "pkgconfig"  "purrr"     
[19] "digest"     "assertthat" "grDevices"  "utf8"       "tools"  

很酷--我总是喜欢找到一些方便的工具。可悲的是，对于我们这些被困在公司防火墙后面的人来说，这是行不通的。我们可能会被困在做类似于browseURL（'http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/package.name“）
谢谢，这帮了大忙，我确实稍微改变了问题的范围，但通过递归搜索依赖项和导入项列表，我可以构建一个完整的列表。@CarlWitthoft如果您在windows上，setInternet2（）
可能会有帮助。@hadley，谢谢，但我前一段时间做过这个练习。传出的请求被阻止。显然，我们需要一个新的包r.apt-get
：-）@CarlWitthoft我不知道您是否仍然存在相同的问题，但是如果问题与您的代理和应用程序无法对其进行身份验证有关，您可能需要查看cntlm（），谢谢，这将节省我一些时间：），因为文档中没有明确说明，举个例子，假设ggplot是dependsOnPkgs（“ggplot2”，installed=available.packages（）），如果某个地方有任何帮助函数（utils
，tools
？）以非递归方式从本地DESCRIPTION
文件中提取所有dep，那么将其发布为答案也很好。否则，read.dcf
上的包装器可以提取各种dep类型+剥离空白。这里有一个全R+递归解决方案：对于那些寻找快速而肮脏的解决方案的人，请注意使用：
访问内部函数是一个设计错误。我不会说这种说法总体上是正确的。虽然文档中给出的建议有时可能是正确的，但绝对没有理由不在脚本中使用此代码供您自己使用。这句话可能更多地指的是一个人在另一个包中使用这样的函数供公众使用的情况。你说得对。我的意思是，你必须考虑你要在哪里使用这个。编写代码时，您几乎可以做任何事情；）