如何搜索字符串列表中包含的字符串部分，并在R中返回匹配的字符串

以下数据框包含一个“Campaign”列，列的值包含有关季节、名称和位置的信息，但是，这些信息在每行中的顺序不同。幸运的是，这些信息是一个固定列表，因此我们可以创建一个向量来匹配“Campaign_name”列中的字符串

   Date           Campaign
1 Jan-15   Summer|Peter|Up
2 Feb-15 David|Winter|Down
3 Mar-15   Up|Peter|Spring

这是我想做的，我想创建3列，如姓名、季节、职位。因此，这些列可以搜索活动列中的字符串，并从下面的列表中返回匹配的值

Name <- c("Peter, David")
Season <- c("Summer","Spring","Autumn", "Winter")
Position <- c("Up","Down")

请执行以下操作：

Date = c("Jan-15","Feb-15","Mar-15")
Campaign = c("Summer|Peter|Up","David|Winter|Down","Up|Peter|Spring")
df = data.frame(Date,Campaign)

Name <- c("Peter", "David")
Season <- c("Summer","Spring","Autumn", "Winter")
Position <- c("Up","Down")

for(k in Name){
    df$Name[grepl(pattern = k, x = df$Campaign)] <- k
}

for(k in Season){
    df$Season[grepl(pattern = k, x = df$Campaign)] <- k
}

for(k in Position){
    df$Position[grepl(pattern = k, x = df$Campaign)] <- k
}

另一种方式：

L <- strsplit(df$Campaign,split = '\\|')

df$Name <- sapply(L,intersect,Name)
df$Season <- sapply(L,intersect,Season)
df$Position <- sapply(L,intersect,Position)

---

L我的想法和马拉特·塔利波夫一样；这里有一个data.table选项：

library(data.table)

Name     <- c("Peter", "David")
Season   <- c("Summer","Spring","Autumn", "Winter")
Position <- c("Up","Down")

dat <- data.table(Date=c("Jan-15", "Feb-15", "Mar-15"),
                  Campaign=c("Summer|Peter|Up", "David|Winter|Down", "Up|Peter|Spring"))

然后进行处理

dat[ , `:=`(Name     = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Name),
            Season   = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Season),
            Position = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Position))
    ]

结果:

> dat
     Date          Campaign  Name Season Position
1: Jan-15   Summer|Peter|Up Peter Summer       Up
2: Feb-15 David|Winter|Down David Winter     Down
3: Mar-15   Up|Peter|Spring Peter Spring       Up

如果对很多列执行此操作或需要就地修改（通过引用），可能会有一些好处

如果有人能告诉我如何一次更新所有三列，我很感兴趣

编辑：没关系，算了吧

for (icol in c("Name", "Season", "Position")) 
    dat[, (icol):=sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, get(icol))]

查看data.table包中的
？tstrsplit
。
dat[ , `:=`(Name     = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Name),
            Season   = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Season),
            Position = sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, Position))
    ]

> dat
     Date          Campaign  Name Season Position
1: Jan-15   Summer|Peter|Up Peter Summer       Up
2: Feb-15 David|Winter|Down David Winter     Down
3: Mar-15   Up|Peter|Spring Peter Spring       Up

for (icol in c("Name", "Season", "Position")) 
    dat[, (icol):=sapply(strsplit(Campaign, "|", fixed=TRUE), intersect, get(icol))]