Ruby on rails 如何使ActiveRecord使用非utf8编码？

我的模型插入为Shift_jis（日语）

文件一开始有

#编码：shift_jis

，然后我有

User.create({ user_name: "管理者" })

该字符是shift_jis编码的

我的数据库是oracle（使用oracle_增强的ruby gems），它也是shift_jis编码的

我的操作系统是Windows-10英语，但主要语言是日语（但我认为默认编码是unicode？）

但是，在插入过程中，出现以下错误：

Encoding::UndefinedConversionError: U+7BA1 to WINDOWS-1252 in conversion from Shift_JIS to UTF-8 to WINDOWS-1252

所以问题是：

我可能理解ActiveRecord在内部将shift_jis转换为utf-8，但如何让它作为shift_jis插入数据库

为什么要转换到WINDOWS-1252

有解决办法吗？我尝试对ActiveRecord使用utf-8编码（数据库是shift_jis，严格来说是不可更改的），并在database.yml中添加了

encoding:sjis

，但是ActiveRecord仍然在不进行转换的情况下插入数据ase utf-8。因此，数据库返回错误（字符太长，可以理解utf-8比shift_jis编码的字节长）

坦率地说，我不明白为什么ActiveRecord开始接受utf-8，但放弃了对非utf8编码的所有支持。数据库字符集迁移对于管理者来说太明智了，他们负担不起任何这样的更改，但对于程序员来说，从rails遗留版本（一切正常）升级到最新版本的rails（在最新版本中，如此简单的事情中断了，很难找到解决方案）是非常困难的

---

根据要求（我刚刚将编码更改为utf-8，但错误相同，只是没有将jis转换为utf-8，但utf-8转换为windows-1252时仍然存在错误）：

由于300000个字符的限制，路径信息已删除

** Invoke db:migrate (first_time)
** Invoke environment (first_time)
** Execute environment
** Invoke db:load_config (first_time)
** Execute db:load_config
** Execute db:migrate
rake aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, all later migrations canceled:

Encoding::UndefinedConversionError: U+7BA1 to WINDOWS-1252 in conversion from UTF-8 to WINDOWS-1252: INSERT INTO "USERS" ("ID", "LOGIN", "HASHED_PASSWORD", "SALT", "USER_NAME", "START_DATE", "END_DATE", "MAIL", "MAIL_NOTIFICATION", "CREATED_AT", "UPDATED_AT") VALUES (:a1, :a2, :a3, :a4, :a5, :a6, :a7, :a8, :a9, :a10, :a11)
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `encode'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `create'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:504:in `make_bind_object'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:99:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/oci_connection.rb:143:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:139:in `block (2 levels) in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each_with_index'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `block in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb:1353:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:121:in `exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:108:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:14:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/relation.rb:64:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:524:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb:139:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb:75:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:133:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `block in _create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_create_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb:57:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:504:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `block in create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_save_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:142:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/validations.rb:43:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:29:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `block in save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:351:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:348:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `save!'
/db/migrate/20081113061046_load_users_data.rb:43:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/2.2.0/benchmark.rb:288:in `measure'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
C:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1046:in `ddl_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `call'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `block in execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:173:in `invoke'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
bin/rake:4:in `<main>'
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Encoding::UndefinedConversionError: U+7BA1 to WINDOWS-1252 in conversion from UTF-8 to WINDOWS-1252: INSERT INTO "USERS" ("ID", "LOGIN", "HASHED_PASSWORD", "SALT", "USER_NAME", "START_DATE", "END_DATE", "MAIL", "MAIL_NOTIFICATION", "CREATED_AT", "UPDATED_AT") VALUES (:a1, :a2, :a3, :a4, :a5, :a6, :a7, :a8, :a9, :a10, :a11)
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `encode'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `create'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:504:in `make_bind_object'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:99:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/oci_connection.rb:143:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:139:in `block (2 levels) in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each_with_index'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `block in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb:1353:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:121:in `exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:108:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:14:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/relation.rb:64:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:524:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb:139:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb:75:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:133:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `block in _create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_create_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb:57:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:504:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `block in create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_save_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:142:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/validations.rb:43:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:29:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `block in save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:351:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:348:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `save!'
/db/migrate/20081113061046_load_users_data.rb:43:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/2.2.0/benchmark.rb:288:in `measure'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
C:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1046:in `ddl_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `call'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `block in execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:173:in `invoke'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
bin/rake:4:in `<main>'
Encoding::UndefinedConversionError: U+7BA1 to WINDOWS-1252 in conversion from UTF-8 to WINDOWS-1252
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `encode'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in `create'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:504:in `make_bind_object'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:99:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/oci_connection.rb:143:in `bind_param'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:139:in `block (2 levels) in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `each_with_index'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:132:in `block in exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb:1353:in `log'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced/database_statements.rb:121:in `exec_insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:108:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb:14:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/relation.rb:64:in `insert'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:524:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb:139:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb:75:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:133:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `block in _create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_create_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:306:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb:57:in `_create_record'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:504:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `block in create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_save_callbacks'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `create_or_update'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:142:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/validations.rb:43:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:29:in `save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `block in save!'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:351:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:348:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:291:in `save!'
/db/migrate/20081113061046_load_users_data.rb:43:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/2.2.0/benchmark.rb:288:in `measure'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
C:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1046:in `ddl_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `call'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `block in execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `execute'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/task.rb:173:in `invoke'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling'
/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.1.2/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
bin/rake:4:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate

调用数据库：迁移（第一次） **调用环境（第一次） **执行环境 **调用数据库：加载配置（第一次） **执行db:load\u config **执行数据库：迁移 雷克流产了！ StandardError:发生错误，所有后续迁移均已取消： 编码：未定义的转换器错误：从UTF-8转换到WINDOWS-1252时U+7BA1到WINDOWS-1252：插入“用户”（“ID”、“登录”、“哈希密码”、“SALT”、“用户名”、“开始日期”、“结束日期”、“邮件”、“邮件通知”、“创建时间”、“更新时间”）值（：a1，：a2，：a3，：a4，：a5，：a6，：a7，：a8，：a9，：a10，：a11） /gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in'encode' /gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/bindtype.rb:121:in'create' /gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:504:in'make_bind_object' /gems/2.2.0/gems/ruby-oci8-2.2.1-x86-mingw32/lib/oci8/cursor.rb:99:in'bind_param' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u-enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u-record/connection\u adapters/oracle\u-enhanced/oci\u connection.rb:143:in'bind\u param' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle_增强型适配器-1.6.7/lib/active_记录/connection_适配器/oracle_增强型/database_语句。rb:139:exec_insert中的“块（2级）”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u增强型-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/oracle\u增强型/database\u语句。rb:132:in“each” /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u-enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u-record/connection\u adapters/oracle\u-enhanced/database\u语句。rb:132:in`each\u with\u index' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u增强型-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/oracle\u增强型/database\u语句。rb:132:in`block in exec\u insert' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/abstract\u adapter.rb:472:in`block in log' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active\u-support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in'instrument' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/abstract\u adapter.rb:466:in'log' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u-enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u-record/connection\u-adapters/oracle\u-enhanced\u-adapter.rb:1353:在“日志”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-oracle\u-enhanced-adapter-1.6.7/lib/active\u-record/connection\u adapters/oracle\u-enhanced/database\u语句 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/abstract/database\u statements.rb:108:in'insert' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/abstract/query\u cache.rb:14:in'insert' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/relation.rb:64:in'insert' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/persistence.rb:524:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/counter\u cache.rb:139:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/locking/optimistic.rb:75:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/attribute\u methods/dirty.rb:133:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/callbacks.rb:306:in`block in\u create\u record' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active\u-support/callbacks.rb:88:在“运行回调”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active\u support/callbacks.rb:778:在“运行\u创建\u回调”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/callbacks.rb:306:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/timestamp.rb:57:在“创建记录”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/persistence.rb:504:“创建或更新” /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/callbacks.rb:302:in`block in create\u或\u update' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active\u-support/callbacks.rb:88:在“运行回调”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active\u-support/callbacks.rb:778:在“运行\保存\回调”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active\u record/callbacks.rb:302:在“创建或更新”中 /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:142:in'save！' /gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/validations.rb:43:in`sav