Ruby on rails 运行rspec时出现未初始化常量名错误，但在rails控制台中工作正常

在使用FactoryGirl运行rspec时，我遇到了“nameError:uninitialized constant”错误，但当我在控制台内通过运行rails c test调用FactoryGirl.build时，它会正确识别FactoryGirl

以下是rspec的输出：

Failures:

1) create user test
 Failure/Error: FactoryGirl.build(:user)

 NameError:
   uninitialized constant User
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `const_get'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `block in constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `each'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `inject'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:66:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:26:in `build_class'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:37:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:23:in `block in run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:22:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy_syntax_method_registrar.rb:20:in `block in define_singular_strategy_method'
 # ./spec/model/user_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

 Finished in 0.001 seconds (files took 0.31845 seconds to load)

/spec/rails\u helper.rb:

require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.before do
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
  ...
end

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

  ...

end

 require 'spec_helper'

 # Create factory de user
 describe "create user" do
  it "test" do
    u = FactoryGirl.build(:user)
  end
end

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'guard-rspec'
  gem 'capybara'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'

end

/spec/model/user\u spec.rb:

require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.before do
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
  ...
end

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

  ...

end

 require 'spec_helper'

 # Create factory de user
 describe "create user" do
  it "test" do
    u = FactoryGirl.build(:user)
  end
end

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'guard-rspec'
  gem 'capybara'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'

end

/Gemfile:

require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.before do
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
  ...
end

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

  ...

end

 require 'spec_helper'

 # Create factory de user
 describe "create user" do
  it "test" do
    u = FactoryGirl.build(:user)
  end
end

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'guard-rspec'
  gem 'capybara'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'

end

---

您是否有可能使用rspec 3？ 从rspec3开始，您需要

require'rails\u helper'

而不是

spec\u helper

---

请参见

您是否碰巧使用了rspec 3？ 从rspec3开始，您需要

require'rails\u helper'

而不是

spec\u helper

---

请参见

以解决

名称错误

：

• 您需要将FactoryGirl的配置从

  /spec/spec\u helper.rb

  移动到

  /spec/rails\u helper.rb

• 您需要在

  /spec/model/user_spec.rb

  中将

  spec\u helper

  替换为

  rails helper

---

请试一试。

要解决

名称错误

：

• 您需要将FactoryGirl的配置从

  /spec/spec\u helper.rb

  移动到

  /spec/rails\u helper.rb

• 您需要在

  /spec/model/user_spec.rb

  中将

  spec\u helper

  替换为

  rails helper

---

请试一试。

是的，我正在使用rspec 3.4。我刚刚测试了你所说的，并且通过一些小的修改，一切都正常了。我需要从rails\u helper.rb中删除行“require'factory\u girl\u rails'”和“config.include FactoryGirl:：Syntax:：Methods”，还必须从spec\u helper.rbIn/spec/model/user\u spec.rb中删除“config.before do FactoryGirl.find\u definitions end”，尝试使用

require'rails\u helper'

是的，我正在使用rspec 3.4。我刚刚测试了你所说的，并且通过一些小的修改，一切都正常了。我需要从rails\u helper.rb中删除行“require'factory\u girl\u rails'”和“config.include FactoryGirl:：Syntax:：Methods”，还必须从spec\u helper.rbIn/spec/model/user\u spec.rb中删除“config.before do FactoryGirl.find\u definitions end”，尝试使用

require'rails\u helper'