Spring 弹簧批测试用例

我对Spring批处理和测试用例非常陌生，我创建了一个示例程序，它从表中获取数据，将名称更新为大写，并保存回数据库

处理机

import com.example.demo.demoWeb.model.User;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemProcessor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Processor implements ItemProcessor<User, User> {
    @Override
    public User process(User user) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Processor.process user = " + user);
        user.setName(user.getName().toUpperCase());
        return user;
    }
}

存储库

import com.example.demo.demoWeb.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Integer> {
}

梯度锉

plugins {
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.3.0.RELEASE'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.9.RELEASE'
    id 'java'
}    
group = 'com.example.demo'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '14'    
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}    
dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-batch'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    implementation 'org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-test'
    implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java'
    compile 'org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-dbcp:9.0.1'
}
test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

我已经浏览了4-5页的google，但仍然找不到任何带有测试用例的SpringBatch的工作示例。 大多数例子都太抽象了，我无法与它们联系起来

到目前为止，我想出了这个。但它失败了，我不知道这有什么问题

import com.example.demo.demoWeb.config.SpringBatchConfig;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobRepositoryTestUtils;
import org.springframework.batch.test.context.SpringBatchTest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBatchTest
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringBatchConfig.class})
@TestExecutionListeners({DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
        DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class})
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_CLASS)
public class DemoWebApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;
    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
        jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {
        //testing a job
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        //Testing a individual step
        //JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchStep("step1");
        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
    }
}

---

我知道JUnit测试用例，但对spring批处理一无所知。请指导我如何编写spring批处理测试用例。

很难说到底出了什么问题。但是，您正在应用程序中使用Spring Boot。用@SpringBootTest替换注释@ContextConfiguration可以使您受益匪浅

SpringBoot提供了@SpringBootTest注释，可以用作 标准spring测试@ContextConfiguration的替代方案 需要Spring启动功能时的注释

试试这个：

@SpringBatchTest
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class DemoWebApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;
    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
        jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {
        //testing a job
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        //Testing a individual step
        //JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchStep("step1");
        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
    }
}

---

谢谢leiblix，它成功了，你能告诉我这个示例程序还可以运行哪些测试用例吗。它将让我了解批处理应用程序中的测试用例应该是什么以及如何。这实际上调用了批处理作业吗？我们如何使其成为基于模拟的？

import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParameters;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParametersBuilder;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoWebApplication {
    @Autowired
    JobLauncher jobLauncher;
    @Autowired
    Job job;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoWebApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 */1 * * * ?")
    public void perform() throws Exception {
        JobParameters params = new JobParametersBuilder()
                .addString("JobID", String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .toJobParameters();
        jobLauncher.run(job, params);
    }
}

plugins {
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.3.0.RELEASE'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.9.RELEASE'
    id 'java'
}    
group = 'com.example.demo'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '14'    
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}    
dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-batch'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    implementation 'org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-test'
    implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java'
    compile 'org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-dbcp:9.0.1'
}
test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

import com.example.demo.demoWeb.config.SpringBatchConfig;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobRepositoryTestUtils;
import org.springframework.batch.test.context.SpringBatchTest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBatchTest
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringBatchConfig.class})
@TestExecutionListeners({DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
        DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class})
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_CLASS)
public class DemoWebApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;
    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
        jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {
        //testing a job
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        //Testing a individual step
        //JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchStep("step1");
        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
    }
}

@SpringBatchTest
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class DemoWebApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
    @Autowired
    private JobRepositoryTestUtils jobRepositoryTestUtils;
    @After
    public void cleanUp() {
        jobRepositoryTestUtils.removeJobExecutions();
    }
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {
        //testing a job
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        //Testing a individual step
        //JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchStep("step1");
        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
    }
}