Unix 在awk中操作列

我想操纵一些冒号，以便更好地将一些数据表示为图形。 到目前为止，所有的数据都是这样排列的，第一行是标题，接下来的两行是x，然后是y数据。文件中的所有数字由一个选项卡分隔。像这样：

200.023 468.865 567.976 647.711    ##this line is the 'header'
59.927  58.099  60.546  61.461     ##this line is x data
1576.77 2192.02 1630.22 1879.04    ##this line is y data
59.769  59.300  60.380  61.308     ##next x
1111.36 2674.2  1590.89 970.134    ##next y
##numbers continue down, and across the page

我想取y坐标列1第3行，并将其放置在与x坐标列2第2行相同的行中，用制表符分隔，因此该行现在将是原来的两倍长。为了使标题行不偏离位置，我想我应该添加一些易于识别的内容，比如“space/t”，但任何东西都可以。 输出：

如果我需要澄清什么，请告诉我。

---

谢谢

这是一个awk单行程序：

$ awk 'NR==1{gsub("\t","\tspace\t");print;next}!(NR%2){split($0,a,"\t")}NR%2{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s\t%s\t", a[i], $i;print ""} ' file 
200.03  space   468.865 space   567.976 space   647.711
59.927  1576.77 58.099  2192.02 60.546  1630.22 61.461  1879.04 
59.769  1111.36 59.300  2674.2  60.380  1590.89 61.308  970.134 

或以更可读的格式：

$ awk '
    NR==1{
        gsub("\t","\tspace\t")
        print
        next
    }
    !(NR%2){
        split($0,a,"\t")
    }
    NR%2{
        for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) 
            printf "%s\t%s\t", a[i], $i
            print ""
    } ' file 

---

这是一个awk一行：

$ awk 'NR==1{gsub("\t","\tspace\t");print;next}!(NR%2){split($0,a,"\t")}NR%2{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) printf "%s\t%s\t", a[i], $i;print ""} ' file 
200.03  space   468.865 space   567.976 space   647.711
59.927  1576.77 58.099  2192.02 60.546  1630.22 61.461  1879.04 
59.769  1111.36 59.300  2674.2  60.380  1590.89 61.308  970.134 

或以更可读的格式：

$ awk '
    NR==1{
        gsub("\t","\tspace\t")
        print
        next
    }
    !(NR%2){
        split($0,a,"\t")
    }
    NR%2{
        for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) 
            printf "%s\t%s\t", a[i], $i
            print ""
    } ' file 

---

这需要一个脚本：

$ cat preprocess.awk 
BEGIN {                       # Before processing the file set OFS
    OFS="\t"                  # Set the Output Field Separator to a TAB
}
NR == 1 {                     # Process the header
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)       # Loop over every field in the header
        $i=$i OFS             # Add a second TAB to space headers correctly
    print $0                  # Print the header
    next                      # Get the next line in the file
}
NR % 2 {                      # For all the odd lines in the file (y lines)
    line = sep = ""           # Clear the line and separator variables
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {     # Loop over the y value
        line = line sep x[i] OFS $i  # Concatenate x and y values
        sep = OFS             # Set after to avoid leading TAB
    }
    print line                # Print the line
    next                      # Get the next line in the file
}
{                             # If here then we are looking at the even lines (x)
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)       # Loop over the x values
        x[i] = $i             # Store values in array x
}

产生：

$ awk -f preprocess.awk file 
h1      h2      h3      h4  
x1  y1  x2  y2  x3  y3  x4  y4
x5  y5  x6  y6  x7  y7  x8  y8
x9  y9  x10 y10 x11 y11 x12 y12

---

这需要一个脚本：

$ cat preprocess.awk 
BEGIN {                       # Before processing the file set OFS
    OFS="\t"                  # Set the Output Field Separator to a TAB
}
NR == 1 {                     # Process the header
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)       # Loop over every field in the header
        $i=$i OFS             # Add a second TAB to space headers correctly
    print $0                  # Print the header
    next                      # Get the next line in the file
}
NR % 2 {                      # For all the odd lines in the file (y lines)
    line = sep = ""           # Clear the line and separator variables
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {     # Loop over the y value
        line = line sep x[i] OFS $i  # Concatenate x and y values
        sep = OFS             # Set after to avoid leading TAB
    }
    print line                # Print the line
    next                      # Get the next line in the file
}
{                             # If here then we are looking at the even lines (x)
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)       # Loop over the x values
        x[i] = $i             # Store values in array x
}

产生：

$ awk -f preprocess.awk file 
h1      h2      h3      h4  
x1  y1  x2  y2  x3  y3  x4  y4
x5  y5  x6  y6  x7  y7  x8  y8
x9  y9  x10 y10 x11 y11 x12 y12

---

如果标头在整个文件中重复，则这可能会起作用：

#!/usr/bin/awk -f

{
    m = NR % 5
    for (i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
        a[m, i] = $i
    }
}
m == 0 {
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "" a[1, 1], "space", a[1, 2], "space", a[1, 3], "space", a[1, 4], "space")
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", a[2, 1], a[3, 1], a[2, 2], a[3, 2], a[2, 3], a[3, 3], a[2, 4], a[3, 4])
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", a[4, 1], a[0, 1], a[4, 2], a[0, 2], a[4, 3], a[0, 3], a[4, 4], a[0, 4])
}

---

实际上，我按字面意思放置了空格，但您可以将其替换为。

如果标题在整个文件中重复，那么这可能会起作用：

#!/usr/bin/awk -f

{
    m = NR % 5
    for (i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
        a[m, i] = $i
    }
}
m == 0 {
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", "" a[1, 1], "space", a[1, 2], "space", a[1, 3], "space", a[1, 4], "space")
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", a[2, 1], a[3, 1], a[2, 2], a[3, 2], a[2, 3], a[3, 3], a[2, 4], a[3, 4])
    printf("%8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %8s\n", a[4, 1], a[0, 1], a[4, 2], a[0, 2], a[4, 3], a[0, 3], a[4, 4], a[0, 4])
}

---

实际上，我按字面意思放置了空格，但您可以将其替换为。

@sudo\u O确实如此，但我实际上认为页眉也会重复自身。@sudo\u O是的，就像我说的，我认为页眉也会重复自身。所以它只能这样工作：。无论如何，已经有了一个可接受的解决方案，所以我不会为了以防万一而修改它作为可能的参考。你应该明确它。@sudo\u O确实如此，但我实际上认为头也会重复自身。@sudo\u O是的，就像我说的，我认为头也会重复自身。所以它只能这样工作：。无论如何，已经有了一个可接受的解决方案，所以我不会修改它作为可能的参考，以防万一。那么你应该明确它。