3d Vulkan深度测试失败的gltf 2.0模型荷载

我正在使用一个自定义解析器将一个示例gltf 2.0模型加载到我的Vulkan程序中，除了在这个特定的3d模型（这是gltf 2.0 github页面上找到的一个bath duck模型）上，鸭子的喙似乎没有通过深度测试之外，其他所有加载都很好

鸭子应该是这样的

然而，在我的程序中，它看起来是这样的

这是另一个角度的鸭子

请注意，我尚未应用投影矩阵，我正在反转模型矩阵的y分量，并将正面设置为逆时针方向

Vulkan管道初始化

  void phantom::createGraphicsPipeline()
  {
auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");

createShaderModule(vertShaderCode, vertShaderModule);
createShaderModule(fragShaderCode, fragShaderModule);

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo = {};
vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo = {};
fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = { vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo };

//auto bindingDescription = getBindingDescription();
//auto attributeDescription = getAttributeDescription();

VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo = {};
vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t> (vertexBinding.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertexBinding.data();
vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexAttributes.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertexAttributes.data();

VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = {};
inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

VkViewport viewport = {};
viewport.x = 0.0f;
viewport.y = 0.0f;
viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtend.width;
viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtend.height;
viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

VkRect2D scissor = {};
scissor.offset = { 0,0 };
scissor.extent = swapChainExtend;

VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {};
viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;

VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
rasterizer.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
rasterizer.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f;

VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
multisampling.minSampleShading = 1.0f;
multisampling.pSampleMask = nullptr;
multisampling.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE;

VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil = {};
depthStencil.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
depthStencil.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
depthStencil.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
depthStencil.minDepthBounds = 0.0f;
depthStencil.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f;
depthStencil.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
depthStencil.front = {};
depthStencil.back = {};

VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;

VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending = {};
colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;

VkDynamicState dynamicStates[] = {
    VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
    VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH
};

VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = {};
dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = 2;
dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates;

VkDescriptorSetLayout setLayouts[] = { descriptorSetLayout };

VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = {};
pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = setLayouts;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = 0;

if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
{
    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout !");
}

VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {};
pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencil;
pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;

if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
{
    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline! ");
}
}

深度资源和renderpass创建调试消息

渲染过程创建方法

void phantom::createRenderPass()
{
std::cout << "entered renderpass creation" << std::endl;

VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment = {};
depthAttachment.format = findDepthFormat();
depthAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = {};
depthAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;


VkSubpassDescription subPass = {};
subPass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subPass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subPass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
subPass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;

std::vector <VkAttachmentDescription> attachments = { colorAttachment, depthAttachment };

VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subPass;

VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
dependency.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS)
{
    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass ! ");
}


}

void phantom::createFrameBuffer()
{
swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++)
{
    std::vector<VkImageView> attachments = { swapChainImageViews[i], depthImageView };

    VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
    framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
    framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
    framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
    framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtend.width;
    framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtend.height;
    framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

    if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
    }
}
}

void phantom:：createRenderPass（）
{
std：：cout网格的其他部分似乎也丢失了（可能是尾部？或者只是被遮挡了？）。我猜应该是面部剔除，而不是深度测试。试试
光栅化器。cullMode==VK\u CULL\u MODE\u NONE
？
gltf是在考虑OpenGl的情况下设计的，因此它接受（-1到1）的（深度值），因此，无论何时您希望将gltf与Vulkan一起使用，都必须对此进行补偿，因为Vulkan期望深度范围为（0到1）

在我的示例中，我以原始二进制格式将顶点数据发送到着色器，因此技术上我没有将z值映射到Vulkan所需的范围，而是将所需的范围映射应用到深度值，问题得到了解决

这是我计划的结果
剔除模式让事情变得更糟，尾巴没有丢失它只是我没有输入透视投影矩阵，我的模型被应用的变换压平了，我用鸭子图片的新视角以及变换矩阵操作编辑了问题。愚蠢的问题-你添加了深度附件吗对于渲染过程和帧缓冲区？或者深度值是反转的-越远的被视为越接近摄影机，反之亦然。尝试在视口中反转深度设置。@Ekzuzy我尝试反转深度比较操作，反转Z值，甚至尝试使用标识矩阵来确保它不反转仍然无法解决问题，我用有关深度和renderpass阶段的调试消息更新了帖子。@BulBul可能会向我们显示渲染过程和帧缓冲区创建代码。调试消息没有显示任何有用的内容。存在管道障碍问题，但（除非它与布局转换有关）它不应该有这样的影响。@Ekzuzy没有什么可遗憾的，我非常感谢您在这个问题上花时间帮助我，对我来说，了解更多关于vulkan和gltf的行为是一个巨大的挑战，所以这是一个双赢：）对我来说，这看起来确实像一个深度测试问题，伴随着扭曲的纵横比。如果将
depthStencil.depthscompareop=VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS；
设置为更大而不是更少，会发生什么情况？@emackey当我将其设置为更大时，它根本不会显示任何内容，而且无论我尝试的设置配置如何，它总是存在这个问题，我都会这样做有没有其他可能是由深度测试以外的任何其他字段引起的？我看到你在你的glm矩阵中反转了y，你是否也将z从-1/1调整到了0/1。@yngccc是的，我强迫glm使用头文件顶部的
#define glm_FORCE_depth_ZERO_to_ONE
将z重新调整为0-1
void phantom::createFrameBuffer()
{
swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++)
{
    std::vector<VkImageView> attachments = { swapChainImageViews[i], depthImageView };

    VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
    framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
    framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
    framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
    framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtend.width;
    framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtend.height;
    framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

    if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
    }
}
}