线程1:C中的EXC\u错误访问（代码=1，地址=0x0）

我面临

线程1:EXC\U BAD\U访问代码=1，地址=0x0

每当我尝试将字符串从输入扫描到char*变量时。 我不知道为什么会这样，因为一切似乎都是对的

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

日期结构

struct patientData {
    unsigned int code;
    char name[11];
    char family[21];
    unsigned int age;
    char MF;
    char disease[11];
    unsigned int numOfVisits;
    struct date *date1;
    struct date *date2;
    struct date *date3;
    struct patientData *nextPtr;

};

患者数据结构

int isEmpty (struct patientData *sPtr);
void visit ( struct patientData **returned , unsigned int code);
void Insert (struct patientData **sPtr, unsigned int code , char *name , char *family , unsigned int age ,char gender, int tmgh);
void insertDisease (struct patientData **sPtr   , char *name , char *family , char *disease );
struct patientData *searchCode (struct patientData **sPtr  , unsigned int code, int *returnval);
struct patientData *searchName (struct patientData **sPtr , char *name  , char *family);
void searchDate (struct patientData **sPtr , int year , int month , int day );
void delete (struct patientData **sPtr  );
void report (struct patientData **sPtr  );

功能； 这里主要是问题发生的地方

int main() {

    char *choice;

    unsigned int code;
    char name[11];
    char family[21];;
    char disease[11];
    int searchCodeReturnValue;
    unsigned int age;
    char gender;
    int tmgh;
    int year , month , day;

    struct patientData *startPtr = NULL;


    puts("Enter one of the following options:");
    puts("Visit");
    puts("InsertDisease");
    puts("search");
    puts("Delete");
    puts("END");

    scanf("%s",choice);
    while (strcmp(choice, "END") != 0) {
        if (strcmp(choice, "Visit") == 0) {
            printf("Enter the code:\n");
            scanf("%5ui",&code);
            struct patientData *a = searchCode(&startPtr,code,&searchCodeReturnValue);
            if (searchCodeReturnValue == 1){
                visit(&a , code);
            }
            else if (searchCodeReturnValue == 0){
                printf("Enter name:\n");
                scanf("%10s",name);
                printf("Enter family:\n");
                scanf("%20s",family);
                printf("Enter age:\n");
                scanf("%ui",&age);
                printf("Enter gender:\n");
                scanf("%c",&gender);
                printf("Enter num of last visits:\n");
                scanf("%i",&tmgh);
                Insert(&startPtr , code , name , family , age , gender , tmgh);

            }
        }
        else if ( strcmp(choice, "InsertDisease")== 0) {
            printf("Enter name:\n");
            scanf("%10s",name);
            printf("Enter family:\n");
            scanf("%20s",family);
            printf("Enter disease:\n");
            scanf("%10s",disease);
            struct patientData *namesearch = searchName(&startPtr, name, family);
            insertDisease ( &namesearch , name , family , disease );
        }
        else if (strcmp(choice, "Search")== 0) {
            puts("Choose the way you wanna search: \n 1- by code \n 2- by first and last name \n 3- by Date");
            int choiceNum;
            scanf("%i",&choiceNum);
            if (choiceNum == 1) {
                printf("Enter the code:\n");
                scanf("%5ui",&code);
                searchCode(&startPtr, code , &searchCodeReturnValue);
            }
            else if ( choiceNum == 2){
                printf("Enter name:\n");
                scanf("%10s",name);
                printf("Enter family:\n");
                scanf("%20s",family);
                searchName(&startPtr ,name , family );
            }
            else if ( choiceNum == 3){
                printf("Enter year:\n");
                scanf("%i",&year);
                printf("Enter month:\n");
                scanf("%i",&month);
                printf("Enter day:\n");
                scanf("%i",&day);
                searchDate(&startPtr , year , month , day);
            }
            else
                puts("Wrong entry");
        }
        else if (strcmp(choice, "delete")== 0) {
            delete(&startPtr);
        }
        else if (strcmp(choice, "Report") == 0) {
            report(&startPtr);
        }
        else if (strcmp(choice, "END") == 0)
            return 0;

        else{
            puts("wrong!");
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

内存没有分配给指针，您正在执行

scanf("%s",choice);

为指针分配内存，然后尝试扫描指针的值

choice = malloc(30); /* Size can be anything of your wish */

因此，您正在访问未初始化的指针，这将导致未定义的行为

一旦使用完这个内存，你需要释放它

free(choice);

---

您正在解除对无效指针的引用，choice被声明为char指针且从未初始化，您不需要它是char指针，也可以将choice声明为char数组，它包含的最长字符串似乎是INSERTDISE，有13个字符，因此以这种方式声明choice

并将scanf更改为

这样可以防止缓冲区溢出和内存泄漏，如果以后没有适当地释放选项，那么使用malloc也会导致内存泄漏

我看到，您也没有重新扫描choice值，这将使您的循环无限大，您应该将其添加到循环的顶部，并将其移除到循环之外，然后将循环编写为

while (1) {
    scanf("%13s", choice);
    .
    .
   /* check the content of choice with strcmp and process the requested command */
    .
    .
}

---

在循环中有一个if strcmchoice，END==0返回0；这样就可以结束循环了。

真的吗？但我以前使用过这种风格，我从未遇到过这样的错误，为什么它需要内存分配？”包含int main{char*mine；scanf%s，mine；printf%s\n，mine；返回0；}'@user21087 Yes以便将值存储到某个内存位置，您需要为其分配内存。如图所示，可以通过使用malloc执行相同的操作

free(choice);

char choice[14];

scanf("%13s", choice);

while (1) {
    scanf("%13s", choice);
    .
    .
   /* check the content of choice with strcmp and process the requested command */
    .
    .
}