C++ IDXGISwapChain:：Present导致驱动程序崩溃和设备删除

我正在设计一个使用DirectX11API的游戏引擎，特别是使用延迟上下文。基本思想是让每个设备状态都有自己的延迟上下文，然后在渲染完所有几何体后，通过迭代每个延迟上下文并在即时上下文上执行其命令列表来显示它。我通过简单地使用线框着色器在屏幕上绘制两个三角形来测试这一点。即使在PIX调试报告中查看，所有DirectX调用都不会返回错误，但只要调用

IDXGISwapChain:：Present（0,0

），整个屏幕就会变黑，然后返回。然后，屏幕右下角会弹出一个错误框，说明显示驱动程序“已停止响应并成功恢复”。查看PIX日志，我发现在PIX日志中调用的前和后块之间有一行写着“

D3D11:Removing Device

”。post块中显示的返回值是

DXGI\u ERROR\u DEVICE\u REMOVED

。我不太清楚该怎么办。PIX日志如下所示：

Frame 000001 ........PRE: CreateDXGIFactory1(IID_IDXGIFactory1, 0x012E1E2C)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Factory, 0x0040FF98, 0x0065B810)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Factory, 0x0040FF98, 0x0065B810)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK> CreateDXGIFactory1(IID_IDXGIFactory1, 0x012E1E2C)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 32, NULL, 0, 7, 0x0019F444, 0x012E1E5C, 0x012E1E54, 0x012E1E58, 0x012E1E60)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Device, 0x03666B38, 0x009E9940)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Device, 0x03666B38, 0x009E9940)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Factory, 0x03666B98, 0x0065BAB0)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Factory, 0x03666B98, 0x0065BAB0)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Adapter, 0x03666BE8, 0x0065C940)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Adapter, 0x03666BE8, 0x0065C940)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Device, 0x03666C40, 0x009E9718)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Device, 0x03666C40, 0x009E9718)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Swap Chain, 0x03666CA0, 0x009EF940)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Swap Chain, 0x03666CA0, 0x009EF940)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(DXGI Surface, 0x03666D38, 0x009EFB9C)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(DXGI Surface, 0x03666D38, 0x009EFB9C)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Texture2D, 0x03666D98, 0x009EFBD4)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Texture2D, 0x03666D98, 0x009EFBD4)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Device Context, 0x036C1E08, 0x009F1840)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Device Context, 0x036C1E08, 0x009F1840)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK> D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 32, NULL, 0, 7, 0x0019F444, 0x012E1E5C, 0x012E1E54,   0x012E1E58, 0x012E1E60)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CheckFeatureSupport(D3D11_FEATURE_THREADING, 0x0019F2C8, 8)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CheckFeatureSupport(D3D11_FEATURE_THREADING, 0x0019F2C8, 8)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CheckFeatureSupport(D3D11_FEATURE_D3D10_X_HARDWARE_OPTIONS, 0x0019F2BC, 4)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CheckFeatureSupport(D3D11_FEATURE_D3D10_X_HARDWARE_OPTIONS, 0x0019F2BC, 4)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CheckFormatSupport(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, 0x0019F2B0)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CheckFormatSupport(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, 0x0019F2B0)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::GetCreationFlags()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <32><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::GetCreationFlags()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateDeferredContext(0, 0x0FB34BA4)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Device Context, 0x036C9C58, 0x009F7C38)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Device Context, 0x036C9C58, 0x009F7C38)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateDeferredContext(0, 0x0FB34BA4)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateRasterizerState(0x0019F3F8, 0x0FB34BA0)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Rasterizer State, 0x03666E38, 0x009F0A98)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Rasterizer State, 0x03666E38, 0x009F0A98)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateRasterizerState(0x0019F3F8, 0x0FB34BA0)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateInputLayout(0x0FB50158, 2, 0x009F0368, 568, 0x0FB35B3C)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Input Layout, 0x03666EB0, 0x009F0B18)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Input Layout, 0x03666EB0, 0x009F0B18)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateInputLayout(0x0FB50158, 2, 0x009F0368, 568, 0x0FB35B3C)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateSamplerState(0x0019F418, 0x0019F46C)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Sampler State, 0x03666F10, 0x009EF8D8)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Sampler State, 0x03666F10, 0x009EF8D8)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateSamplerState(0x0019F418, 0x0019F46C)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666f10>ID3D11SamplerState::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <2><this=0x03666f10> ID3D11SamplerState::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <8><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateVertexShader(0x009F0368, 568, NULL, 0x0FB3046C)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Vertex Shader, 0x03666F60, 0x009EFCB4)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Vertex Shader, 0x03666F60, 0x009EFCB4)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateVertexShader(0x009F0368, 568, NULL, 0x0FB3046C)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreatePixelShader(0x009F0958, 244, NULL, 0x0FB30470)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Pixel Shader, 0x03666FB8, 0x009E2CF4)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Pixel Shader, 0x03666FB8, 0x009E2CF4)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreatePixelShader(0x009F0958, 244, NULL, 0x0FB30470)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::Release()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <9><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::Release()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB364A8)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x036656F0, 0x009E2E14)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x036656F0, 0x009E2E14)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB364A8)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB3E1B0)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x03665778, 0x009F03D4)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x03665778, 0x009F03D4)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB3E1B0)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666b38>ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB46E58)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x03665800, 0x009E3994)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Buffer, 0x03665800, 0x009E3994)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666b38> ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer(0x0019F914, NULL, 0x0FB46E58)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c1e08>ID3D11DeviceContext::RSSetViewports(1, 0x012E1EBC)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <><this=0x036c1e08> ID3D11DeviceContext::RSSetViewports(1, 0x012E1EBC)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c9c58>ID3D11DeviceContext::IASetInputLayout(0x03666EB0)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <><this=0x036c9c58> ID3D11DeviceContext::IASetInputLayout(0x03666EB0)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c9c58>ID3D11DeviceContext::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <2><this=0x036c9c58> ID3D11DeviceContext::AddRef()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c9c58>ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <><this=0x036c9c58> ID3D11DeviceContext::DrawIndexed(6, 0, 0)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c9c58>ID3D11DeviceContext::Release()
Frame 000001 ........POST: <1><this=0x036c9c58> ID3D11DeviceContext::Release()
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c9c58>ID3D11DeviceContext::FinishCommandList(FALSE, 0x0019F928)
Frame 000001 ............PRE: AddObject(D3D11 Command List, 0x03665888, 0x009E3A94)
Frame 000001 ............POST: <TRUE> AddObject(D3D11 Command List, 0x03665888, 0x009E3A94)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x036c9c58> ID3D11DeviceContext::FinishCommandList(FALSE, 0x0019F928)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x036c1e08>ID3D11DeviceContext::ExecuteCommandList(0x03665888, FALSE)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <><this=0x036c1e08> ID3D11DeviceContext::ExecuteCommandList(0x03665888, FALSE)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666ca0>IDXGISwapChain::Present(0, 1)
Frame 000001 ........POST: <S_OK><this=0x03666ca0> IDXGISwapChain::Present(0, 1)
Frame 000001 ........PRE: <this=0x03666ca0>IDXGISwapChain::Present(0, 0)
D3D11: Removing Device.
Frame 000001 ........POST: <DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED><this=0x03666ca0> IDXGISwapChain::Present(0, 0)
Frame 000001 ....POST: <> Frame(1)

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在过去6天里回顾了代码之后，我有了一个奇怪的发现：尽管我对DirectX 9.0c了解很多，但在DirectX 11中编码是。。。。不一样。在代码中发现几个愚蠢的错误后，我设法在硬件设备上修复了错误，但奇怪的是，没有在ref设备上修复错误。我目前正在研究DirectX 11管道的变化，然后试图找出为什么我可以非常容易地清除背景，但尝试用延迟上下文绘制三角形根本不起作用

---

感谢所有试图提供帮助的人的建议。

我想如果驱动程序崩溃并自行重置，您会收到此消息，因此这可能是驱动程序错误。。。也许用参考设备试一下你的代码来缩小它的范围？在参考设备中测试了程序，同样的错误发生了。然而，我确实注意到了两个明显的错误：尽管创建了一个常量缓冲区、一个顶点着色器和一个像素着色器，但我从未将它们设置到设备上。因此，当运行时渲染三角形时，没有着色器代码，也没有世界/视图/投影矩阵的恒定缓冲区。我已经开始在适当的类中修复这些错误。如果您在这里没有得到任何答案，可能gamedev.stackexchange.com会更好，或者gamedev.net上的论坛？我将把问题保留在这里，但也复制到那里。也许我能仔细考虑一下。

if(FAILED(devstate->BeginDraw(inlayout,&dc)))
{
    return ACERROR_ALREADYDRAWING; //error handling block.
}
//dc->Begin(0); //access violation: error accessing location 0x00000024
for(UINT i=Shader_Vertex;i<Shader_Count;i++)
{
    //set all relevant shaders to the device.
    (dc->*(vtbls[i].ShaderSet))(shaders[i],0,0);
}