C++ 检查类是否具有给定签名的成员函数
我需要一个模板技巧来检测一个类是否具有给定签名的特定成员函数C++ 检查类是否具有给定签名的成员函数,c++,c++11,templates,sfinae,C++,C++11,Templates,Sfinae,我需要一个模板技巧来检测一个类是否具有给定签名的特定成员函数 #include <type_traits> /*! The template `has_const_reference_op<T,E>` exports a boolean constant `value that is true iff `T` provides `E T::operator*() const` */ template< typename T, typename E
#include <type_traits>
/*! The template `has_const_reference_op<T,E>` exports a
boolean constant `value that is true iff `T` provides
`E T::operator*() const`
*/
template< typename T, typename E>
struct has_const_reference_op
{
/* SFINAE operator-has-correct-sig :) */
template<typename A>
static std::true_type test(E (A::*)() const) {
return std::true_type();
}
/* SFINAE operator-exists :) */
template <typename A>
static decltype(test(&A::operator*))
test(decltype(&A::operator*),void *) {
/* Operator exists. What about sig? */
typedef decltype(test(&A::operator*)) return_type;
return return_type();
}
/* SFINAE game over :( */
template<typename A>
static std::false_type test(...) {
return std::false_type();
}
/* This will be either `std::true_type` or `std::false_type` */
typedef decltype(test<T>(0,0)) type;
static const bool value = type::value; /* Which is it? */
};
您能给我一个提示来解决这个难题吗？为了避免干扰，您还可以将
serialize打开任何给定的名称空间来实现自由函数是完全错误的。（例如，您不应该为自己的类型打开命名空间
stdswap但是，正如我所说，您可能不希望在实现该成员的“标记”类中涉及额外的工作。在这种情况下，我正在寻找第三种解决方案……我不确定我是否正确理解您，但您可以利用SFINAE在编译时检测函数的存在。我的代码中的示例（测试类是否使用了成员函数size\u t\u memory（）const）
模板
结构hausedMemoryMethod
{
模板结构SFINAE{}；
模板静态炭试验（SFINAE*）；
模板静态int检验（…）；
静态常量bool Has=sizeof（测试（0））==sizeof（字符）；
};
模板
void ReportMemUsage（const TMap&m，std:：true\u类型）
{
//我们可以在这里对m调用used_memory（）。
}
模板
void ReportMemUsage（const TMap&，std:：false\u类型）
{
}
模板
无效报告使用情况（常量TMap&m）
{
ReportMemUsage（m，
std：：积分常数（）；
}
template <typename T, int (T::*) ()> struct enable { typedef T type; };
template <typename T> typename enable<T, &T::i>::type bla (T&);
struct A { void i(); };
struct B { int i(); };
int main()
{
A a;
B b;
bla(b);
bla(a);
}
模板结构启用{typedef T type；}；
模板typename enable:：type bla（T&）；
结构A{void i（）；}；
结构B{int i（）；}；
int main（）
{
A A；
B B；
bla（b）；
bla（a）；
}
#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
/* Here we apply the accepted answer's technique to probe for the
the existence of `E T::operator*() const`
*/
template<typename T, typename E>
struct has_const_reference_op
{
template<typename U, E (U::*)() const> struct SFINAE {};
template<typename U> static char Test(SFINAE<U, &U::operator*>*);
template<typename U> static int Test(...);
static const bool value = sizeof(Test<T>(0)) == sizeof(char);
};
using namespace std;
/* Here we test the `std::` smart pointer templates, including the
deprecated `auto_ptr<T>`, to determine in each case whether
T = (the template instantiated for `int`) provides
`int & T::operator*() const` - which all of them in fact do.
*/
int main(void)
{
cout << has_const_reference_op<auto_ptr<int>,int &>::value;
cout << has_const_reference_op<unique_ptr<int>,int &>::value;
cout << has_const_reference_op<shared_ptr<int>,int &>::value << endl;
return 0;
}
test（）#define FOO(FUNCTION, DEFINE) template <typename T, typename S = decltype(declval<T>().FUNCTION)> static true_type __ ## DEFINE(int); \
template <typename T> static false_type __ ## DEFINE(...); \
template <typename T> using DEFINE = decltype(__ ## DEFINE<T>(0));
存在吗？如果不存在，我们就完成了T:：operator*（）- 假设
存在，那么它的签名是什么T:：operator*（）et:：operator*（）const
typedef decltype(test<T>(0,0)) type;
class A {
public:
void foo() {};
}
bool test = std::is_member_function_pointer<decltype(&A::foo)>::value;
A类{
公众：
void foo（）{}；
}
bool test=std:：is_member_function_pointer:：value；
#包括
#包括
///具有恒定的功能
/**\param func_ret_type函数返回类型
\param func_name函数名
\param…可变参数用于函数参数
*/
#定义声明特性具有函数C（函数类型、函数名称等）\
__声明特性有函数（1，函数类型，函数名称，函数变量）
///具有非常量功能
/**\param func_ret_type函数返回类型
\参数func_na
class A {
public:
void foo() {};
}
bool test = std::is_member_function_pointer<decltype(&A::foo)>::value;
#include <boost/type_traits/is_class.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
/// Has constant function
/** \param func_ret_type Function return type
\param func_name Function name
\param ... Variadic arguments are for the function parameters
*/
#define DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC_C(func_ret_type, func_name, ...) \
__DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC(1, func_ret_type, func_name, ##__VA_ARGS__)
/// Has non-const function
/** \param func_ret_type Function return type
\param func_name Function name
\param ... Variadic arguments are for the function parameters
*/
#define DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC(func_ret_type, func_name, ...) \
__DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC(0, func_ret_type, func_name, ##__VA_ARGS__)
// Traits content
#define __DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC(func_const, func_ret_type, func_name, ...) \
template \
< typename Type, \
bool is_class = boost::is_class<Type>::value \
> \
class has_func_ ## func_name; \
template<typename Type> \
class has_func_ ## func_name<Type,false> \
{public: \
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT( bool, value = false ); \
typedef boost::false_type type; \
}; \
template<typename Type> \
class has_func_ ## func_name<Type,true> \
{ struct yes { char _foo; }; \
struct no { yes _foo[2]; }; \
struct Fallback \
{ func_ret_type func_name( __VA_ARGS__ ) \
UTILITY_OPTIONAL(func_const,const) {} \
}; \
struct Derived : public Type, public Fallback {}; \
template <typename T, T t> class Helper{}; \
template <typename U> \
static no deduce(U*, Helper \
< func_ret_type (Fallback::*)( __VA_ARGS__ ) \
UTILITY_OPTIONAL(func_const,const), \
&U::func_name \
>* = 0 \
); \
static yes deduce(...); \
public: \
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT( \
bool, \
value = sizeof(yes) \
== sizeof( deduce( static_cast<Derived*>(0) ) ) \
); \
typedef ::boost::integral_constant<bool,value> type; \
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_const = func_const); \
typedef func_ret_type return_type; \
typedef ::boost::mpl::vector< __VA_ARGS__ > args_type; \
}
// Utility functions
#define UTILITY_OPTIONAL(condition, ...) UTILITY_INDIRECT_CALL( __UTILITY_OPTIONAL_ ## condition , ##__VA_ARGS__ )
#define UTILITY_INDIRECT_CALL(macro, ...) macro ( __VA_ARGS__ )
#define __UTILITY_OPTIONAL_0(...)
#define __UTILITY_OPTIONAL_1(...) __VA_ARGS__
template<class T>
class has_func_[func_name]
{
public:
/// Function definition result value
/** Tells if the tested function is defined for type T or not.
*/
static const bool value = true | false;
/// Function definition result type
/** Type representing the value attribute usable in
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_53_0/libs/utility/enable_if.html
*/
typedef boost::integral_constant<bool,value> type;
/// Tested function constness indicator
/** Indicates if the tested function is const or not.
This value is not deduced, it is forced depending
on the user call to one of the traits generators.
*/
static const bool is_const = true | false;
/// Tested function return type
/** Indicates the return type of the tested function.
This value is not deduced, it is forced depending
on the user's arguments to the traits generators.
*/
typedef func_ret_type return_type;
/// Tested function arguments types
/** Indicates the arguments types of the tested function.
This value is not deduced, it is forced depending
on the user's arguments to the traits generators.
*/
typedef ::boost::mpl::vector< __VA_ARGS__ > args_type;
};
// We enclose the traits class into
// a namespace to avoid collisions
namespace ns_0 {
// Next line will declare the traits class
// to detect the member function void foo(int,int) const
DECLARE_TRAITS_HAS_FUNC_C(void, foo, int, int);
}
// we can use BOOST to help in using the traits
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
// Here is a function that is active for types
// declaring the good member function
template<typename T> inline
typename boost::enable_if< ns_0::has_func_foo<T> >::type
foo_bar(const T &_this_, int a=0, int b=1)
{ _this_.foo(a,b);
}
// Here is a function that is active for types
// NOT declaring the good member function
template<typename T> inline
typename boost::disable_if< ns_0::has_func_foo<T> >::type
foo_bar(const T &_this_, int a=0, int b=1)
{ default_foo(_this_,a,b);
}
// Let us declare test types
struct empty
{
};
struct direct_foo
{
void foo(int,int);
};
struct direct_const_foo
{
void foo(int,int) const;
};
struct inherited_const_foo :
public direct_const_foo
{
};
// Now anywhere in your code you can seamlessly use
// the foo_bar function on any object:
void test()
{
int a;
foo_bar(a); // calls default_foo
empty b;
foo_bar(b); // calls default_foo
direct_foo c;
foo_bar(c); // calls default_foo (member function is not const)
direct_const_foo d;
foo_bar(d); // calls d.foo (member function is const)
inherited_const_foo e;
foo_bar(e); // calls e.foo (inherited member function)
}
#include <type_traits>
// Primary template with a static assertion
// for a meaningful error message
// if it ever gets instantiated.
// We could leave it undefined if we didn't care.
template<typename, typename T>
struct has_serialize {
static_assert(
std::integral_constant<T, false>::value,
"Second template parameter needs to be of function type.");
};
// specialization that does the checking
template<typename C, typename Ret, typename... Args>
struct has_serialize<C, Ret(Args...)> {
private:
template<typename T>
static constexpr auto check(T*)
-> typename
std::is_same<
decltype( std::declval<T>().serialize( std::declval<Args>()... ) ),
Ret // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>::type; // attempt to call it and see if the return type is correct
template<typename>
static constexpr std::false_type check(...);
typedef decltype(check<C>(0)) type;
public:
static constexpr bool value = type::value;
};
struct X {
int serialize(const std::string&) { return 42; }
};
struct Y : X {};
std::cout << has_serialize<Y, int(const std::string&)>::value; // will print 1
CREATE_MEMBER_CHECK(x);
bool has_x = has_member_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
//Func signature MUST have T as template variable here... simpler this way :\
CREATE_MEMBER_FUNC_SIG_CHECK(x, void (T::*)(), void__x);
bool has_func_sig_void__x = has_member_func_void__x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_VAR_CHECK(x);
bool has_var_x = has_member_var_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_CLASS_CHECK(x);
bool has_class_x = has_member_class_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_UNION_CHECK(x);
bool has_union_x = has_member_union_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_ENUM_CHECK(x);
bool has_enum_x = has_member_enum_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_CHECK(x);
CREATE_MEMBER_VAR_CHECK(x);
CREATE_MEMBER_CLASS_CHECK(x);
CREATE_MEMBER_UNION_CHECK(x);
CREATE_MEMBER_ENUM_CHECK(x);
CREATE_MEMBER_FUNC_CHECK(x);
bool has_any_func_x = has_member_func_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
CREATE_MEMBER_CHECKS(x); //Just stamps out the same macro calls as above.
bool has_any_func_x = has_member_func_x<class_to_check_for_x>::value;
/*
- Multiple inheritance forces ambiguity of member names.
- SFINAE is used to make aliases to member names.
- Expression SFINAE is used in just one generic has_member that can accept
any alias we pass it.
*/
//Variadic to force ambiguity of class members. C++11 and up.
template <typename... Args> struct ambiguate : public Args... {};
//Non-variadic version of the line above.
//template <typename A, typename B> struct ambiguate : public A, public B {};
template<typename A, typename = void>
struct got_type : std::false_type {};
template<typename A>
struct got_type<A> : std::true_type {
typedef A type;
};
template<typename T, T>
struct sig_check : std::true_type {};
template<typename Alias, typename AmbiguitySeed>
struct has_member {
template<typename C> static char ((&f(decltype(&C::value))))[1];
template<typename C> static char ((&f(...)))[2];
//Make sure the member name is consistently spelled the same.
static_assert(
(sizeof(f<AmbiguitySeed>(0)) == 1)
, "Member name specified in AmbiguitySeed is different from member name specified in Alias, or wrong Alias/AmbiguitySeed has been specified."
);
static bool const value = sizeof(f<Alias>(0)) == 2;
};
//Check for any member with given name, whether var, func, class, union, enum.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_CHECK(member) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct Alias_##member; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct Alias_##member < \
T, std::integral_constant<bool, got_type<decltype(&T::member)>::value> \
> { static const decltype(&T::member) value; }; \
\
struct AmbiguitySeed_##member { char member; }; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_##member { \
static const bool value \
= has_member< \
Alias_##member<ambiguate<T, AmbiguitySeed_##member>> \
, Alias_##member<AmbiguitySeed_##member> \
>::value \
; \
}
//Check for member variable with given name.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_VAR_CHECK(var_name) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct has_member_var_##var_name : std::false_type {}; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_var_##var_name< \
T \
, std::integral_constant< \
bool \
, !std::is_member_function_pointer<decltype(&T::var_name)>::value \
> \
> : std::true_type {}
//Check for member function with given name AND signature.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_FUNC_SIG_CHECK(func_name, func_sig, templ_postfix) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct has_member_func_##templ_postfix : std::false_type {}; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_func_##templ_postfix< \
T, std::integral_constant< \
bool \
, sig_check<func_sig, &T::func_name>::value \
> \
> : std::true_type {}
//Check for member class with given name.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_CLASS_CHECK(class_name) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct has_member_class_##class_name : std::false_type {}; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_class_##class_name< \
T \
, std::integral_constant< \
bool \
, std::is_class< \
typename got_type<typename T::class_name>::type \
>::value \
> \
> : std::true_type {}
//Check for member union with given name.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_UNION_CHECK(union_name) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct has_member_union_##union_name : std::false_type {}; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_union_##union_name< \
T \
, std::integral_constant< \
bool \
, std::is_union< \
typename got_type<typename T::union_name>::type \
>::value \
> \
> : std::true_type {}
//Check for member enum with given name.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_ENUM_CHECK(enum_name) \
\
template<typename T, typename = std::true_type> \
struct has_member_enum_##enum_name : std::false_type {}; \
\
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_enum_##enum_name< \
T \
, std::integral_constant< \
bool \
, std::is_enum< \
typename got_type<typename T::enum_name>::type \
>::value \
> \
> : std::true_type {}
//Check for function with given name, any signature.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_FUNC_CHECK(func) \
template<typename T> \
struct has_member_func_##func { \
static const bool value \
= has_member_##func<T>::value \
&& !has_member_var_##func<T>::value \
&& !has_member_class_##func<T>::value \
&& !has_member_union_##func<T>::value \
&& !has_member_enum_##func<T>::value \
; \
}
//Create all the checks for one member. Does NOT include func sig checks.
#define CREATE_MEMBER_CHECKS(member) \
CREATE_MEMBER_CHECK(member); \
CREATE_MEMBER_VAR_CHECK(member); \
CREATE_MEMBER_CLASS_CHECK(member); \
CREATE_MEMBER_UNION_CHECK(member); \
CREATE_MEMBER_ENUM_CHECK(member); \
CREATE_MEMBER_FUNC_CHECK(member)
template <class C>
class HasGreetMethod
{
template <class T>
static std::true_type testSignature(void (T::*)(const char*) const);
template <class T>
static decltype(testSignature(&T::greet)) test(std::nullptr_t);
template <class T>
static std::false_type test(...);
public:
using type = decltype(test<C>(nullptr));
static const bool value = type::value;
};
struct A { void greet(const char* name) const; };
struct Derived : A { };
static_assert(HasGreetMethod<Derived>::value, "");
template <typename T, typename S = decltype(declval<T>().test(declval<int>))> static true_type hasTest(int);
template <typename T> static false_type hasTest(...);
#define FOO(FUNCTION, DEFINE) template <typename T, typename S = decltype(declval<T>().FUNCTION)> static true_type __ ## DEFINE(int); \
template <typename T> static false_type __ ## DEFINE(...); \
template <typename T> using DEFINE = decltype(__ ## DEFINE<T>(0));
namespace details {
FOO(test(declval<int>()), test_int)
FOO(test(), test_void)
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct A { void foo(void); };
struct Aa: public A { };
struct B { };
struct retA { int foo(void); };
struct argA { void foo(double); };
struct constA { void foo(void) const; };
struct varA { int foo; };
template<typename T>
struct FooFinder {
typedef char true_type[1];
typedef char false_type[2];
template<int>
struct TypeSink;
template<class U>
static true_type &match(U);
template<class U>
static true_type &test(TypeSink<sizeof( matchType<void (U::*)(void)>( &U::foo ) )> *);
template<class U>
static false_type &test(...);
enum { value = (sizeof(test<T>(0, 0)) == sizeof(true_type)) };
};
int main() {
cout << FooFinder<A>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<Aa>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<B>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<retA>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<argA>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<constA>::value << endl;
cout << FooFinder<varA>::value << endl;
}
#include <folly/Traits.h>
namespace {
FOLLY_CREATE_HAS_MEMBER_FN_TRAITS(has_test_traits, test);
} // unnamed-namespace
void some_func() {
cout << "Does class Foo have a member int test() const? "
<< boolalpha << has_test_traits<Foo, int() const>::value;
}
struct Foo{ static int sum(int, const double&){return 0;} };
struct Bar{ int calc(int, const double&) {return 1;} };
struct BarConst{ int calc(int, const double&) const {return 1;} };
// Note : second typename can be void or anything, as long as it is consistent with the result of enable_if_t
template<typename T, typename = T> struct has_static_sum : std::false_type {};
template<typename T>
struct has_static_sum<typename T,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(T::sum), int(int, const double&)>::value,T>
> : std::true_type {};
template<typename T, typename = T> struct has_calc : std::false_type {};
template<typename T>
struct has_calc <typename T,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(&T::calc), int(T::*)(int, const double&)>::value,T>
> : std::true_type {};
template<typename T, typename = T> struct has_calc_const : std::false_type {};
template<typename T>
struct has_calc_const <T,
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<decltype(&T::calc), int(T::*)(int, const double&) const>::value,T>
> : std::true_type {};
int main ()
{
constexpr bool has_sum_val = has_static_sum<Foo>::value;
constexpr bool not_has_sum_val = !has_static_sum<Bar>::value;
constexpr bool has_calc_val = has_calc<Bar>::value;
constexpr bool not_has_calc_val = !has_calc<Foo>::value;
constexpr bool has_calc_const_val = has_calc_const<BarConst>::value;
constexpr bool not_has_calc_const_val = !has_calc_const<Bar>::value;
std::cout<< " has_sum_val " << has_sum_val << std::endl
<< " not_has_sum_val " << not_has_sum_val << std::endl
<< " has_calc_val " << has_calc_val << std::endl
<< " not_has_calc_val " << not_has_calc_val << std::endl
<< " has_calc_const_val " << has_calc_const_val << std::endl
<< "not_has_calc_const_val " << not_has_calc_const_val << std::endl;
}
has_sum_val 1
not_has_sum_val 1
has_calc_val 1
not_has_calc_val 1
has_calc_const_val 1
not_has_calc_const_val 1
#include <experimental/type_traits>
// serialized_method_t is a detector type for T.serialize(int) const
template<typename T>
using serialized_method_t = decltype(std::declval<const T&>().serialize(std::declval<int>()));
// has_serialize_t is std::true_type when T.serialize(int) exists,
// and false otherwise.
template<typename T>
using has_serialize_t = std::experimental::is_detected_t<serialized_method_t, T>;
template <typename... Ts>
using void_t = void;
template <template <class...> class Trait, class AlwaysVoid, class... Args>
struct detector : std::false_type {};
template <template <class...> class Trait, class... Args>
struct detector<Trait, void_t<Trait<Args...>>, Args...> : std::true_type {};
// serialized_method_t is a detector type for T.serialize(int) const
template<typename T>
using serialized_method_t = decltype(std::declval<const T&>().serialize(std::declval<int>()));
// has_serialize_t is std::true_type when T.serialize(int) exists,
// and false otherwise.
template <typename T>
using has_serialize_t = typename detector<serialized_method_t, void, T>::type;
template<class T>
std::enable_if_t<has_serialize_t<T>::value, std::string>
SerializeToString(const T& t) {
}
template<class T>
std::string SerializeImpl(std::true_type, const T& t) {
// call serialize here.
}
template<class T>
std::string SerializeImpl(std::false_type, const T& t) {
// do something else here.
}
template<class T>
std::string Serialize(const T& t) {
return SerializeImpl(has_serialize_t<T>{}, t);
}