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C++ 管理内存泄漏的问题C++；

c++ memory-leaks

C++ 管理内存泄漏的问题C++；,c++,memory-leaks,C++,Memory Leaks,我没有得到任何错误或类似的东西，但问题是，无论我做什么，我都无法摆脱这些内存泄漏。我发现唯一有帮助的解决方案是在每个方法之后添加delete[]vector1，但不允许修改代码的这一部分。 在代码中，您可以看到注释和我可以添加新指令的区域。我的问题有什么解决办法吗 代码如下： #include<iostream> using namespace std; /*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/ /*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF

我没有得到任何错误或类似的东西，但问题是，无论我做什么，我都无法摆脱这些内存泄漏。我发现唯一有帮助的解决方案是在每个方法之后添加
delete[]vector1
，但不允许修改代码的这一部分。 在代码中，您可以看到注释和我可以添加新指令的区域。我的问题有什么解决办法吗

代码如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

/*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/
/*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF THE METHODS*/

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    int *vector1;
    vector1 = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion2(int ** vector, int* noElements) {
    *vector = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> (*vector)[i];
    }
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion3(int *& vector, int& noElements) {
    vector = new int[noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion4(int& noElements) {
    int *vector1;
    vector1 = new int[noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];
    }
    return vector1;
}

//read static array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readStaticVector(int vector[], int * noElements) {
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//print the elements of the array
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";

}


//read a name from the console
char* citesteNume() {
    char temp[200];
    char * nume;
    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> temp;
    nume = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
    strcpy(nume, temp);

    return nume;
}

//read a name from the console
void citesteNume(char* nume) {


    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> nume;


}
//METHODS THAT ADDS AN ELEMENT (THAT IS GIVEN) TO AN EXISTING ARRAY
//FIRST
void adaugaElementNou(int** vector, int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    (*vector) = new int[*noElemente + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        (*vector)[i] = i;

    (*vector)[*noElemente] = elementNou;

}
//SECOND
int * adaugaElementNou(int& noElemente, int elementNou) {
    int *vector;
    vector = new int[noElemente + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;

}
//THIRD
int * adaugaElementNou(int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    int *vector;
    vector = new int[(*noElemente) + 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;

}



//THE PROGRAM MUST RUN AND NOT GENERATE ANY ERRORS OR MEMORY-LEAKS
void main() {
    //YOU CAN'T ADD NEW VARIABLES

    int * vector1;
    int vector2[50];
    int nrElementeVector1=3;
    int nrElementeVector2=3;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS
    // ...
    vector1 = new int[nrElementeVector1 + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector1; i++)
        vector1[i] = i;
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector2; i++)
        vector2[i] = i;
    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE

    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);
    //delete[]vector1; /*This instruction is added by me but i`m not allowed to modify this area of the code*/
    vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readVectorVersion3(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    vector1 = readVectorVersion4(nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    readStaticVector(vector2, &nrElementeVector2);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);

    char* string1;
    char string2[50];

    string1 = citesteNume();
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string1;
    //delete[]string1; /*THIS IS NOT ALLOWED HERE*/
    citesteNume(string2);
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string2;

    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(nrElementeVector1, 99);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    adaugaElementNou(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1, 55);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;
    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(&nrElementeVector1, 77);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    //delete[]vector1;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS HERE
    // ...

    delete[] vector1; //I`ve tried to use delete here because I didn`t knew what else i should do, but I know that it makes no sense(and it`s not working);
    delete[] string1;

    //THE FOLLOWING CODE CHECKS IF THERE ARE ANY MEMORYLEAKS
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ERROR, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ERROR, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDOUT);
    _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks();

    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE
    vector1 = NULL;
    string1 = NULL;
    cout << endl << "In this moment there are no memory-leaks!";
}

#包括
使用名称空间std；
/*不能添加新方法*/
/*您只能修改方法的主体*/
//从控制台读取数组-元素数和元素数
int*readVectorVersion1（int*noElements）{
int*vector1；
向量1=新整数[*noElements+1]；
对于（int i=0；i<*noElements；i++）
{

我认为这项任务是不可能完成的


vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);


在vector1持有动态分配的资源时执行。此时将创建一个不可恢复的泄漏。以下情况也是如此


readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);



我认为这项任务是不可能完成的


vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);


在vector1持有动态分配的资源时执行。此时将创建一个不可恢复的泄漏。以下情况也是如此


readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);



vector1
指针在代码中被覆盖，您不能修改，因此很明显，它可能不是指向动态分配内存的唯一指针，否则它将泄漏，并且在分配的限制范围内，您无法停止该操作

因此，让我们探讨一下使用静态对象来保存指针的可能性。为了简单起见，我将使用
std:：vector
，但如果愿意，您可以使用指向动态内存的静态指针。在这种情况下，您需要手动管理内存


int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static std::vector<int> vector1;
    vector1.resize(*noElements);

    // initialize the way you want to

    return vector1.data();
    // return &vector1[0]; // use this if you use older version of c++ than c++11
}



int*readVectorVersion1（int*noElements）{
静态std：：向量向量1；
向量1.调整大小（*无元素）；
//按您想要的方式初始化
返回向量1.data（）；
//返回/VoCord1（0）；/使用该版本的C++比C++ 11更旧
}



这样就可以了。当静态对象被销毁时，内存将被释放。这当然限制了您对函数的使用。您不能再分配两个单独的数组，因为后续调用将使用相同的向量。但此分配不需要它，所以我想这是您的讲师要求的。
Tvector1
指针在代码中被覆盖，您不能修改，因此很明显，它可能不是指向动态分配内存的唯一指针，否则它将泄漏，并且在您的分配限制范围内，您无法阻止它

因此，让我们探讨一下使用静态对象来保存指针的可能性。为了简单起见，我将使用
std:：vector
，但如果愿意，您可以使用指向动态内存的静态指针。在这种情况下，您需要手动管理内存

int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static std::vector<int> vector1;
    vector1.resize(*noElements);

    // initialize the way you want to

    return vector1.data();
    // return &vector1[0]; // use this if you use older version of c++ than c++11
}

int*readVectorVersion1（int*noElements）{
静态std：：向量向量1；
向量1.调整大小（*无元素）；
//按您想要的方式初始化
返回向量1.data（）；
//返回/VoCord1（0）；/使用该版本的C++比C++ 11更旧
}
就这样。当静态对象被销毁时，内存将被释放。这当然限制了您对函数的使用。您不能再分配两个单独的数组，因为后续调用将使用相同的向量。但此分配不需要它，所以我想这是您的指导老师要求的。

F或者string1很简单，您可以：

delete[] string1;
这就是我认为你应该做的，处理向量1：

void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";

    // A very dirty hack, PLEASE **NEVER** USE IT.
    static int callIndex = 0;
    if(callIndex != 1 && callIndex != 6)
        delete[] vector;
    ++callIndex;
}
编辑：我改变了主意。上面的例子是你可以做的，这是你应该做的：
注#1：我觉得这种黑客行为更加肮脏。
注#2：为了编译它，我必须删除所有特定于Microsoft的内容，并使用valgrind执行泄漏检查

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

/*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/
/*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF THE METHODS*/

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int vector1[50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion2(int ** vector1, int* noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    *vector1 = vector;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion3(int *& vector1, int& noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    vector1 = vector;
}

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion4(int& noElements) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];
    }
    return vector1;
}

//read static array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readStaticVector(int vector[], int * noElements) {
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//print the elements of the array
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";
}


//read a name from the console
char* citesteNume() {
    char temp[200];
    char * nume;
    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> temp;
    nume = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
    strcpy(nume, temp);

    return nume;
}

//read a name from the console
void citesteNume(char* nume) {


    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> nume;


}
//METHODS THAT ADDS AN ELEMENT (THAT IS GIVEN) TO AN EXISTING ARRAY
//FIRST
void adaugaElementNou(int** vector, int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector1[i] = i;

    vector1[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    *vector = vector1;
}
//SECOND
int * adaugaElementNou(int& noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}
//THIRD
int * adaugaElementNou(int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}



//THE PROGRAM MUST RUN AND NOT GENERATE ANY ERRORS OR MEMORY-LEAKS
int main() {
    //YOU CAN'T ADD NEW VARIABLES

    int * vector1;
    int vector2[50];
    int nrElementeVector1=3;
    int nrElementeVector2=3;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector2; i++)
        vector2[i] = i;
    vector1 = vector2;
    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE

    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion3(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion4(nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readStaticVector(vector2, &nrElementeVector2);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);

    char* string1;
    char string2[50];

    string1 = citesteNume();
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string1;
    citesteNume(string2);
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string2;

    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(nrElementeVector1, 99);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    adaugaElementNou(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1, 55);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(&nrElementeVector1, 77);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS HERE
    // ...

    delete[] string1;

    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE
    vector1 = NULL;
    string1 = NULL;
}
编辑：我提出了第三个（甚至更脏的）解决方案，但我对所有这些黑客行为感到厌倦，无法编写完整的版本。以下是一个示例：

int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int *vector1 = NULL;
    delete[] vector1;
    if (noElements < 0)
        return NULL;
    vector1 = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}

// ...

int main() {
    // ...
    // Just before _CrtSetReportMode
    nrElementeVector1 = -1;
    readVectorVersion1(*nrElementeVector1);
    // ..
}

int*readVectorVersion1（int*noElements）{
静态int*vector1=NULL；
删除[]向量1；
如果（无元素<0）
返回NULL；
向量1=新整数[*noElements+1]；
对于（int i=0；i<*noElements；i++）
{

cout对于string1，它很简单，您可以：


delete[] string1;


这就是我认为你应该做的，处理向量1：


void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";

    // A very dirty hack, PLEASE **NEVER** USE IT.
    static int callIndex = 0;
    if(callIndex != 1 && callIndex != 6)
        delete[] vector;
    ++callIndex;
}


编辑：我改变了主意。上面的例子是你可以做的，这是你应该做的：

注#1：我觉得这种黑客行为更加肮脏。

注#2：为了编译它，我必须删除所有特定于Microsoft的内容，并使用valgrind执行泄漏检查


#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

/*YOU CAN'T ADD NEW METHODS*/
/*YOU CAN ONLY MODIFY THE BODY OF THE METHODS*/

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int vector1[50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion2(int ** vector1, int* noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    *vector1 = vector;
}
//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readVectorVersion3(int *& vector1, int& noElements) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
    vector1 = vector;
}

//read array from the console - number of elements and the elements
int * readVectorVersion4(int& noElements) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];
    }
    return vector1;
}

//read static array from the console - number of elements and the elements
void readStaticVector(int vector[], int * noElements) {
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector[i];
    }
}

//print the elements of the array
void afisareVector(int* vector, int noElements) {
    cout << endl << "Vector:" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < noElements; i++)
        cout << vector[i] << " ";
}


//read a name from the console
char* citesteNume() {
    char temp[200];
    char * nume;
    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> temp;
    nume = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
    strcpy(nume, temp);

    return nume;
}

//read a name from the console
void citesteNume(char* nume) {


    cout << endl << "Your name:";
    cin >> nume;


}
//METHODS THAT ADDS AN ELEMENT (THAT IS GIVEN) TO AN EXISTING ARRAY
//FIRST
void adaugaElementNou(int** vector, int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector1 [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector1[i] = i;

    vector1[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    *vector = vector1;
}
//SECOND
int * adaugaElementNou(int& noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}
//THIRD
int * adaugaElementNou(int* noElemente, int elementNou) {
    static int vector [50];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElemente; i++)
        vector[i] = i;
    vector[*noElemente] = elementNou;
    return vector;
}



//THE PROGRAM MUST RUN AND NOT GENERATE ANY ERRORS OR MEMORY-LEAKS
int main() {
    //YOU CAN'T ADD NEW VARIABLES

    int * vector1;
    int vector2[50];
    int nrElementeVector1=3;
    int nrElementeVector2=3;

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS
    for (int i = 0; i < nrElementeVector2; i++)
        vector2[i] = i;
    vector1 = vector2;
    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE

    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion1(&nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion2(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readVectorVersion3(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    vector1 = readVectorVersion4(nrElementeVector1);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1);
    readStaticVector(vector2, &nrElementeVector2);
    afisareVector(vector2, nrElementeVector2);

    char* string1;
    char string2[50];

    string1 = citesteNume();
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string1;
    citesteNume(string2);
    cout << endl << "Hello " << string2;

    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(nrElementeVector1, 99);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    adaugaElementNou(&vector1, &nrElementeVector1, 55);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);
    vector1 = adaugaElementNou(&nrElementeVector1, 77);
    afisareVector(vector1, nrElementeVector1+1);

    //YOU CAN ADD NEW INSTRUCTIONS HERE
    // ...

    delete[] string1;

    //YOU CAN'T MODIFY THE FOLLOWING CODE
    vector1 = NULL;
    string1 = NULL;
}


编辑：我提出了第三个（甚至更脏的）解决方案，但我对所有这些黑客行为感到厌倦，无法编写完整的版本。以下是一个示例：


int * readVectorVersion1(int * noElements) {
    static int *vector1 = NULL;
    delete[] vector1;
    if (noElements < 0)
        return NULL;
    vector1 = new int[*noElements + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < *noElements; i++)
    {
        cout << endl << "Vector1[" << i + 1 << "]=";
        cin >> vector1[i];

    }
    return vector1;
}

// ...

int main() {
    // ...
    // Just before _CrtSetReportMode
    nrElementeVector1 = -1;
    readVectorVersion1(*nrElementeVector1);
    // ..
}



int*readVectorVersion1（int*noElements）{
静态int*vector1=NULL；
删除[]向量1；
如果（无元素<0）
返回NULL；
向量1=新整数[*noElements+1]；
对于（int i=0；i<*noElements；i++）
{

这个任务允许修改程序的行为（预期输出）以消除内存泄漏吗？这项作业显然是由20年前学习C++的人创建的，而且从来没有费心更新知识。我想我该怎么办<代码>删除[]。vector1
。我会尝试，我的黑客会告诉你我是否成功。你是否可以在
AfisaRevert
内部进行更改？最简单的选择是根本不使用
new
和
delete
。如果你真的需要，那么你应该等到你真的知道如何处理它们。这个任务允许修改为了避免内存泄漏，程序的行为（预期输出）？这个作业显然是由学习C++的人创建的，大约20年。