如何在C++11中插入到std:：map？

我试图在中向std:：map中插入一组pair值。但是，这些值似乎没有插入到std:：map中。请仔细检查我的密码。我感谢所有的帮助

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<utility>
#include<ctime>

#include "print.h"

class ReportCard
{
private:
    std::map<std::string, double> m_report_card;

public:
    std::map<std::string, double> getReportCardInstance() {  return m_report_card;  }
};

class Student
{

private:
    int m_roll_no;
    std::string m_name;
    ReportCard m_reportCard;

public:
    Student(int inRollNo, const std::string& inName) :
        m_roll_no(inRollNo), m_name(inName)
    {}

    std::string getName()   {   return m_name;  } 
    int getRollNo()     {   return m_roll_no;   }
    ReportCard getReportCard()  {   return self.m_reportCard;   }
    int getReportCardSize() {   return m_reportCard.getReportCardInstance().size(); }
};

class Driver
{
private:
    std::vector<Student> student_list;
    std::vector<Student> temp;

public:
    void studentTestPopulate()
    {
        student_list.push_back(Student(1, "Tim"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(2, "Matt"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(100, "Luke"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(68, "Lissy"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(20, "Tony"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(33, "Joseph"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(14, "Sid"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(15, "Roby"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(44, "Rohan"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(11, "Kevin"));
        student_list.push_back(Student(19, "George"));
    }
    void reportCardPopulate()
    {
        for (auto& student : student_list)
        {
            std::cout << student.getName() << std::endl;
            student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair<std::string, double>("Math", generateMark));
            //This is the function that does not work. No marks are printed!!
            for (auto& mark : student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance())
            {
                std::cout << mark.first << " " << mark.second;
            }
            //student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair("Science", generateMark));
            //student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair("Geography", generateMark));
            //student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair("French", generateMark));
            //student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair("History", generateMark));
        }
    }
    void showAllStudentDetails()
    {
        for (auto& student : student_list)
        {
            std::cout << student.getName() << std::endl;
            std::cout << student.getRollNo() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "REPORT CARD : " << student.getReportCardSize() << std::endl << std::endl;
            for (auto& mark : student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance())
            {
                std::cout << mark.first << std::endl;
                std::cout << mark.second << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    srand(time(NULL));
    Driver driver;
    driver.studentTestPopulate();
    driver.reportCardPopulate();
    //driver.showAllStudentDetails();
}

reportCardPopulate函数用于将成对的值插入到报表卡映射中。但是，insert函数似乎不起作用

当我们试图打印reportCardPopulate函数中的值时，它不会打印任何内容。当我尝试打印地图的大小时，它打印0。当我使用sizeof打印尺寸时，它在插入前后打印相同的尺寸

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

class ReportCard
{
   //private:  this is the default anyway for a class
   public: //made to be able to print the internals below.
        std::map<std::string, double> m_report_card;

   public:


        /* this returns an instance of the std::map. The map is copied and 
        returned, so any modifications will not affect m_report_card
        std::map<std::string, double> getReportCardInstance()
        {
            return m_report_card;
        }

        if you want to do this, return std::map<std::string, double>&.
        std::map<std::string, double>& getReportCardInstance()
        {
            return m_report_card;
        }
        */

        // better solution is to have a method to add the report

        void add_report(const std::string& first,double second)
        {
            m_report_card[first] = second;
        }  

};


int main() {
    ReportCard rc;
    rc.add_report("Percy",1.0);
    rc.add_report("Pig",2.0);

    for(auto internal_report_card : rc.m_report_card)
    {
        std::cout << internal_report_card.first << ", " 
                  << internal_report_card.second << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

---

以下功能

std::map<std::string, double> getReportCardInstance() { ... }
//^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ReportCard getReportCard() { ... }
//^^^^^^^^

不在上述副本上，因此，报告Cardi.e.中的原始成员。m_报告卡永远不会更新。在调用上述行后，副本将被销毁，期望它工作毫无意义

第二，显示代码是错误的，因为在C++中你应该使用这个不是自

更正上述内容并通过引用返回成员将使代码正常工作。

---

请仔细检查我的代码请尽量减少代码。ReportCard getReportCard和std:：map getReportCardInstance返回一份副本，其中您最可能需要引用或其他接口，这样您就不会暴露类内部。感谢您的详细解释：我们如何知道哪些函数要声明为常量？getName返回一些东西，但它是常量，然而getReportCard也返回一些东西，但它不是常量。还有，为什么我们在函数声明之前写const有时const std:：string&getName const{return m_name；}这里const是第一个，后面是int-getRollNo const{return m_roll_no；}这里const是第二个？@james const函数声明类似于return_type funcName const{…}。请参阅const，它使函数成为const，这意味着它不会更改函数定义内的类成员。其次，const std:：string&getName const{return m_name；}这里的函数是const，我们返回对成员m_name的const限定引用，这意味着该成员在函数内部被修改，也不能在外部被修改，而调用方只能读它。@james阅读了有关const函数的更多信息：

student.getReportCard().getReportCardInstance().insert(std::make_pair<std::string, double>("Math", generateMark));

ReportCard getReportCard()
{
    return self.m_reportCard;
         //^^^^ --> should be `return this->m_reportCard;`
         // or simply         `return m_reportCard;`
}

std::map<std::string, double>& getReportCardInstance()
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
{
    return m_report_card;
}

ReportCard& getReportCard()
//^^^^^^^^
{
    return m_reportCard;
}

#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>


class Driver /* final */ // -> optional
{
private: // Student is private for Driver class
    class Student
    {
        // type alias is enough for the map
        using ReportCard  = std::map<std::string, double>;
    private:
        int m_roll_no;
        std::string m_name;
        ReportCard m_reportCard;

    public:
        Student(int inRollNo, const std::string& inName)
            : m_roll_no{ inRollNo }, m_name{ inName }
        {}
        // make the member functions const if they are not modifing the members
        const std::string& getName() const { return m_name; }
        int getRollNo() const { return m_roll_no; }
        ReportCard& getReportCard() { return m_reportCard; }
        std::size_t getReportCardSize() const { return m_reportCard.size(); }
    };

private:
    std::vector<Student> student_list;
    std::vector<Student> temp;

public:
    void studentTestPopulate()
    {
        // construct the `Student` in-place using `std::vector::emplace_back`
        student_list.emplace_back(1, "Tim"); 
        student_list.emplace_back(2, "Matt");
        student_list.emplace_back(100, "Luke");
        student_list.emplace_back(68, "Lissy");
        student_list.emplace_back(20, "Tony");
        student_list.emplace_back(33, "Joseph");
        student_list.emplace_back(14, "Sid");
        student_list.emplace_back(15, "Roby");
        student_list.emplace_back(44, "Rohan");
        student_list.emplace_back(11, "Kevin");
        student_list.emplace_back(19, "George");
    }

    void reportCardPopulate()
    {
        for (auto& student : student_list)
        {
            std::cout << student.getName() << "\n";

            student.getReportCard().emplace(student.getName(), 12.0);
            //                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
            // use `std::map::emplace` for constructing `ReportCard` in-place
            for (auto& mark : student.getReportCard())
            {
                std::cout << mark.first << " " << mark.second << "\n";
            }
        }
    }
    // ... other members
};

int main()
{
    Driver driver;
    driver.studentTestPopulate();
    driver.reportCardPopulate();
}