如何实现单实例Java应用程序？
有时我会看到许多应用程序，如msn、windows media player等，它们都是单实例应用程序（当用户在应用程序运行时执行时，不会创建新的应用程序实例） 在C#中，我使用了如何实现单实例Java应用程序？,java,single-instance,Java,Single Instance,有时我会看到许多应用程序，如msn、windows media player等，它们都是单实例应用程序（当用户在应用程序运行时执行时，不会创建新的应用程序实例） 在C#中，我使用了互斥对象类，但我不知道如何在Java中做到这一点。如果我相信这一点，通过以下方式： 让第一个实例尝试在localhost接口上打开侦听套接字。如果能够打开套接字，则假定这是要启动的应用程序的第一个实例。如果不是，则假定此应用程序的一个实例已在运行。新实例必须通知现有实例已尝试启动，然后退出。现有实例在收到通知后接管，并
互斥对象InetAddress.getLocalHost（）- 它在DHCP环境中无法正常工作，因为返回的地址取决于计算机是否具有网络访问权限。
解决方案是打开与InetAddress.getByAddress（新字节[]{127,0,0,1}）的连接
可能与……有关
- 我还发现哪些报告的结果超出了
：返回机器的IP地址，而实际结果是：返回getLocalHost127.0.0.1
getLocalHost127.0.0.1或者您可以使用对象。如前所述：
getMonitoredVMs（int-processPid）c:\java\app\test.jarc:\\java\\app\\test.jar之后，我们在JVM中搜索另一个同名进程，如果我们找到了它，并且应用程序PID不同，这意味着这是第二个应用程序实例 JNLP也提供了一个如果我相信这一点，通过： 让第一个实例尝试在localhost接口上打开侦听套接字。如果能够打开套接字，则假定这是要启动的应用程序的第一个实例。如果不是，则假定此应用程序的一个实例已在运行。新实例必须通知现有实例已尝试启动，然后退出。现有实例在收到通知后接管，并向处理该操作的侦听器触发事件 注意：注释中提到使用
InetAddress.getLocalHost（）- 它在DHCP环境中无法正常工作，因为返回的地址取决于计算机是否具有网络访问权限。
解决方案是打开与InetAddress.getByAddress（新字节[]{127,0,0,1}）的连接
可能与……有关
- 我还发现哪些报告的结果超出了
：返回机器的IP地址，而实际结果是：返回getLocalHost127.0.0.1
getLocalHost127.0.0.1或者您可以使用对象。如前所述：
getMonitoredVMs（int-processPid）c:\java\app\test.jarc:\\java\\app\\test.jar之后，我们在JVM中搜索另一个同名进程，如果我们找到了它，并且应用程序PID不同，这意味着这是第二个应用程序实例
JNLP还提供了一个我们使用文件锁定来实现这一点（在用户的应用程序数据目录中的魔法文件上获取独占锁），但我们主要关心的是防止多个实例运行 如果您试图让第二个实例通过命令行args等。。。首先，在localhost上使用套接字连接将是一举两得。通用算法：
- 启动时，尝试在本地主机上的端口XXXX上打开侦听器
- 如果失败，请在本地主机上打开该端口的写入程序并发送命令行args，然后关闭
- 否则，请侦听本地主机上的端口XXXXX。当接收命令行参数时，将其处理为应用程序是使用该命令行启动的
- 启动时，尝试在本地主机上的端口XXXX上打开侦听器
- 如果失败，请在本地主机上打开该端口的写入程序并发送命令行args，然后关闭
- 否则，请侦听本地主机上的端口XXXXX。当接收命令行参数时，将其处理为应用程序是使用该命令行启动的
private static boolean lockInstance(final String lockFile) {
try {
final File file = new File(lockFile);
final RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
final FileLock fileLock = randomAccessFile.getChannel().tryLock();
if (fileLock != null) {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
fileLock.release();
randomAccessFile.close();
file.delete();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Unable to remove lock file: " + lockFile, e);
}
}
});
return true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Unable to create and/or lock file: " + lockFile, e);
}
return false;
}
if(!isFileshipAlreadyRunning()){
MessageDialog.openError(display.getActiveShell(), "Fileship already running", "Another instance of this application is already running. Exiting.");
return IApplication.EXIT_OK;
}
private static boolean isFileshipAlreadyRunning() {
// socket concept is shown at http://www.rbgrn.net/content/43-java-single-application-instance
// but this one is really great
try {
final File file = new File("FileshipReserved.txt");
final RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
final FileLock fileLock = randomAccessFile.getChannel().tryLock();
if (fileLock != null) {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
fileLock.release();
randomAccessFile.close();
file.delete();
} catch (Exception e) {
//log.error("Unable to remove lock file: " + lockFile, e);
}
}
});
return true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// log.error("Unable to create and/or lock file: " + lockFile, e);
}
return false;
}
public static void main(final String[] args) {
// ENSURE SINGLE INSTANCE
if (!SingleInstanceChecker.INSTANCE.isOnlyInstance(Main::otherInstanceTriedToLaunch, false)) {
System.exit(0);
}
// launch rest of application here
System.out.println("Application starts properly because it's the only instance.");
}
private static void otherInstanceTriedToLaunch() {
// Restore your application window and bring it to front.
// But make sure your situation is apt: This method could be called at *any* time.
System.err.println("Deiconified because other instance tried to start.");
}
package yourpackagehere;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;
import java.nio.file.*;
/**
* SingleInstanceChecker v[(2), 2016-04-22 08:00 UTC] by dreamspace-president.com
* <p>
* (file lock single instance solution by Robert https://stackoverflow.com/a/2002948/3500521)
*/
public enum SingleInstanceChecker {
INSTANCE; // HAHA! The CONFUSION!
final public static int POLLINTERVAL = 1000;
final public static File LOCKFILE = new File("SINGLE_INSTANCE_LOCKFILE");
final public static File DETECTFILE = new File("EXTRA_INSTANCE_DETECTFILE");
private boolean hasBeenUsedAlready = false;
private WatchService watchService = null;
private RandomAccessFile randomAccessFileForLock = null;
private FileLock fileLock = null;
/**
* CAN ONLY BE CALLED ONCE.
* <p>
* Assumes that the program will close if FALSE is returned: The other-instance-tries-to-launch listener is not
* installed in that case.
* <p>
* Checks if another instance is already running (temp file lock / shutdownhook). Depending on the accessibility of
* the temp file the return value will be true or false. This approach even works even if the virtual machine
* process gets killed. On the next run, the program can even detect if it has shut down irregularly, because then
* the file will still exist. (Thanks to Robert https://stackoverflow.com/a/2002948/3500521 for that solution!)
* <p>
* Additionally, the method checks if another instance tries to start. In a crappy way, because as awesome as Java
* is, it lacks some fundamental features. Don't worry, it has only been 25 years, it'll sure come eventually.
*
* @param codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart Can be null. If not null and another instance tries to start (which
* changes the detect-file), the code will be executed. Could be used to
* bring the current (=old=only) instance to front. If null, then the
* watcher will not be installed at all, nor will the trigger file be
* created. (Null means that you just don't want to make use of this
* half of the class' purpose, but then you would be better advised to
* just use the 24 line method by Robert.)
* <p>
* BE CAREFUL with the code: It will potentially be called until the
* very last moment of the program's existence, so if you e.g. have a
* shutdown procedure or a window that would be brought to front, check
* if the procedure has not been triggered yet or if the window still
* exists / hasn't been disposed of yet. Or edit this class to be more
* comfortable. This would e.g. allow you to remove some crappy
* comments. Attribution would be nice, though.
* @param executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread Convenience function. If false, the code will just be executed. If
* true, it will be detected if we're currently on that thread. If so,
* the code will just be executed. If not so, the code will be run via
* SwingUtilities.invokeLater().
* @return if this is the only instance
*/
public boolean isOnlyInstance(final Runnable codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart, final boolean executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread) {
if (hasBeenUsedAlready) {
throw new IllegalStateException("This class/method can only be used once, which kinda makes sense if you think about it.");
}
hasBeenUsedAlready = true;
final boolean ret = canLockFileBeCreatedAndLocked();
if (codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart != null) {
if (ret) {
// Only if this is the only instance, it makes sense to install a watcher for additional instances.
installOtherInstanceLaunchAttemptWatcher(codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart, executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread);
} else {
// Only if this is NOT the only instance, it makes sense to create&delete the trigger file that will effect notification of the other instance.
//
// Regarding "codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart != null":
// While creation/deletion of the file concerns THE OTHER instance of the program,
// making it dependent on the call made in THIS instance makes sense
// because the code executed is probably the same.
createAndDeleteOtherInstanceWatcherTriggerFile();
}
}
optionallyInstallShutdownHookThatCleansEverythingUp();
return ret;
}
private void createAndDeleteOtherInstanceWatcherTriggerFile() {
try {
final RandomAccessFile randomAccessFileForDetection = new RandomAccessFile(DETECTFILE, "rw");
randomAccessFileForDetection.close();
Files.deleteIfExists(DETECTFILE.toPath()); // File is created and then instantly deleted. Not a problem for the WatchService :)
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private boolean canLockFileBeCreatedAndLocked() {
try {
randomAccessFileForLock = new RandomAccessFile(LOCKFILE, "rw");
fileLock = randomAccessFileForLock.getChannel().tryLock();
return fileLock != null;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
private void installOtherInstanceLaunchAttemptWatcher(final Runnable codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart, final boolean executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread) {
// PREPARE WATCHSERVICE AND STUFF
try {
watchService = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
final File appFolder = new File("").getAbsoluteFile(); // points to current folder
final Path appFolderWatchable = appFolder.toPath();
// REGISTER CURRENT FOLDER FOR WATCHING FOR FILE DELETIONS
try {
appFolderWatchable.register(watchService, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
// INSTALL WATCHER THAT LOOKS IF OUR detectFile SHOWS UP IN THE DIRECTORY CHANGES. IF THERE'S A CHANGE, ANOTHER INSTANCE TRIED TO START, SO NOTIFY THE CURRENT ONE OF THAT.
final Thread t = new Thread(() -> watchForDirectoryChangesOnExtraThread(codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart, executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread));
t.setDaemon(true);
t.setName("directory content change watcher");
t.start();
}
private void optionallyInstallShutdownHookThatCleansEverythingUp() {
if (fileLock == null && randomAccessFileForLock == null && watchService == null) {
return;
}
final Thread shutdownHookThread = new Thread(() -> {
try {
if (fileLock != null) {
fileLock.release();
}
if (randomAccessFileForLock != null) {
randomAccessFileForLock.close();
}
Files.deleteIfExists(LOCKFILE.toPath());
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
if (watchService != null) {
try {
watchService.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHookThread);
}
private void watchForDirectoryChangesOnExtraThread(final Runnable codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart, final boolean executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread) {
while (true) { // To eternity and beyond! Until the universe shuts down. (Should be a volatile boolean, but this class only has absolutely required features.)
try {
Thread.sleep(POLLINTERVAL);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
final WatchKey wk;
try {
wk = watchService.poll();
} catch (ClosedWatchServiceException e) {
// This situation would be normal if the watcher has been closed, but our application never does that.
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
if (wk == null || !wk.isValid()) {
continue;
}
for (WatchEvent<?> we : wk.pollEvents()) {
final WatchEvent.Kind<?> kind = we.kind();
if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW) {
System.err.println("OVERFLOW of directory change events!");
continue;
}
final WatchEvent<Path> watchEvent = (WatchEvent<Path>) we;
final File file = watchEvent.context().toFile();
if (file.equals(DETECTFILE)) {
if (!executeOnAWTEventDispatchThread || SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread()) {
codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart.run();
} else {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(codeToRunIfOtherInstanceTriesToStart);
}
break;
} else {
System.err.println("THIS IS THE FILE THAT WAS DELETED: " + file);
}
}
wk.reset();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String appId = "myapplicationid";
boolean alreadyRunning;
try {
JUnique.acquireLock(appId, new MessageHandler() {
public String handle(String message) {
// A brand new argument received! Handle it!
return null;
}
});
alreadyRunning = false;
} catch (AlreadyLockedException e) {
alreadyRunning = true;
}
if (!alreadyRunning) {
// Start sequence here
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
JUnique.sendMessage(appId, args[0]));
}
}
}
import tk.pratanumandal.unique4j.Unique4j;
import tk.pratanumandal.unique4j.exception.Unique4jException;
public class Unique4jDemo {
// unique application ID
public static String APP_ID = "tk.pratanumandal.unique4j-mlsdvo-20191511-#j.6";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Unique4jException, InterruptedException {
// create unique instance
Unique4j unique = new Unique4j(APP_ID) {
@Override
public void receiveMessage(String message) {
// display received message from subsequent instance
System.out.println(message);
}
@Override
public String sendMessage() {
// send message to first instance
return "Hello World!";
}
};
// try to obtain lock
boolean lockFlag = unique.acquireLock();
// sleep the main thread for 30 seconds to simulate long running tasks
Thread.sleep(30000);
// try to free the lock before exiting program
boolean lockFreeFlag = unique.freeLock();
}
}