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Java 尝试使用GridBagLayout获得swing菜单

java swing

Java 尝试使用GridBagLayout获得swing菜单,java,swing,layout-manager,gridbaglayout,Java,Swing,Layout Manager,Gridbaglayout,我正在尝试构建一个包含两个垂直列的应用程序，锚定在左侧， 右边有一个大盒子。我可以把第一份菜单放在右边， 但由于某些原因，第二个菜单不会出现在第一个菜单旁边。我已经读到一些关于额外的空间被推向最后一列和最后一行（右边）。我该怎么处理呢 另外，我正在使用网格袋布局 以下是我得到的： 主用户视图类： 软件包图形用户界面 import actions.DepositAddButtonAction; import actions.DepositButtonAction; import javax.sw

我正在尝试构建一个包含两个垂直列的应用程序，锚定在左侧， 右边有一个大盒子。我可以把第一份菜单放在右边， 但由于某些原因，第二个菜单不会出现在第一个菜单旁边。我已经读到一些关于额外的空间被推向最后一列和最后一行（右边）。我该怎么处理呢

另外，我正在使用网格袋布局

以下是我得到的：

主用户视图类： 软件包图形用户界面

import actions.DepositAddButtonAction;
import actions.DepositButtonAction;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;

public class UserView {
    public JFrame frame;
    private JPanel menuPanel;
    private JPanel secondMenuPanel;
    private JPanel contentPanel;
    private JButton depositButton;
    private JButton creditButton;
    private JButton exchangeButton;
    private JButton simulationButton;
    private JButton informationButton;
    private JLabel menuLabel;
    private GridBagLayout gridBagLayout;
    private GridBagConstraints constraints;
    private Border border;

    public UserView() {
        frame = new JFrame("E-Banking");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        menuPanel = new JPanel();
        secondMenuPanel = new JPanel();
        contentPanel = new JPanel();
        depositButton = new JButton("Deposit: ", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/money_box_icon.png")));
        creditButton = new JButton("Credit: ", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/credit_icon.png")));
        exchangeButton = new JButton("Exchange: ", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/exchange_icon.png")));
        simulationButton = new JButton("Simulation: ", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/simulation_icon.png")));
        informationButton = new JButton("Information: ", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/info_icon.png")));
        menuLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/bank_icon.png")), SwingConstants.LEFT);
        gridBagLayout = new GridBagLayout();
        constraints = new GridBagConstraints();
        border = BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new Color(102, 102, 153), 1, true);
        frame.setSize(800, 600);
        applyButtonStyles();
        initialize();
    }

    private void applyButtonStyles() {
        depositButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        creditButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        exchangeButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        simulationButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        informationButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        menuLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);

        menuPanel.setBorder(border);
        secondMenuPanel.setBorder(border);
        secondMenuPanel.setVisible(false);
        contentPanel.setBorder(border);
        contentPanel.setVisible(false);

    }

    private void initialize() {
        menuLabel.setText("E-Banking");

        constraints.gridx = 0;
        constraints.gridy = 0;
        constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
        constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        constraints.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);
        menuPanel.setLayout(gridBagLayout);

        menuPanel.add(menuLabel);
        constraints.gridy++;
        menuPanel.add(depositButton, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;
        menuPanel.add(creditButton, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;
        menuPanel.add(exchangeButton, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;
        menuPanel.add(simulationButton, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;
        menuPanel.add(informationButton, constraints);

        constraints.gridx = 1;
        constraints.gridy = 0;

        frame.getContentPane().setLayout(gridBagLayout);
        constraints.gridx = 0;
        constraints.gridy = 0;

        constraints.weightx = 0.4;
        constraints.weighty = 0.4;
        constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        frame.getContentPane().add(menuPanel, constraints);
        constraints.gridx++;

        frame.getContentPane().add(secondMenuPanel, constraints);
        constraints.gridx++;

        frame.getContentPane().add(contentPanel, constraints);
        constraints.gridx++;

        DepositAddButtonAction depositAddButtonAction = new DepositAddButtonAction(contentPanel);
        DepositButtonAction depositButtonAction = new DepositButtonAction(secondMenuPanel, contentPanel, depositAddButtonAction, null, null);
        depositButton.addActionListener(depositButtonAction);


        }

}
表示第一个按钮行为的另一个类：

package actions;

import gui.UserView;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DepositButtonAction implements ActionListener {
    private JPanel secondMenuPanel;
    private JPanel contentPanel;
    private JButton addButton;
    private JButton queryButton;
    private JLabel operationLabel;
    private GridBagLayout gridBagLayout;
    private GridBagConstraints constraints;

    public DepositButtonAction(JPanel secondMenuPanel, JPanel contentPanel, ActionListener otherDepositAddButtonAction,
                               ActionListener otherDepositRemoveButtonAction, ActionListener otherDepositQueryButtonAction) {

        this.secondMenuPanel = secondMenuPanel;
        secondMenuPanel.setVisible(false);
        this.contentPanel = contentPanel;
        addButton = new JButton("Request", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/add_icon.png")));
        queryButton = new JButton("Query", new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/info_icon.png")));
        operationLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(UserView.class.getResource("/options_icon.png")));
        operationLabel.setText("Options ");
        gridBagLayout = new GridBagLayout();
        constraints = new GridBagConstraints();
        applyStyles();
        addButton.addActionListener(otherDepositAddButtonAction);
//        removeButton.addActionListener(otherDepositRemoveButtonAction);
//        queryButton.addActionListener(otherDepositQueryButtonAction);
    }

    private void applyStyles() {
        secondMenuPanel.setLayout(gridBagLayout);
        addButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        queryButton.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
    }

    private void initialize() {
        constraints.gridx = 0;
        constraints.gridy = 0;
        constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
        constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;


        constraints.insets = new Insets(4, 4, 4, 4);
        secondMenuPanel.add(operationLabel, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;

        secondMenuPanel.add(addButton, constraints);
        constraints.gridy++;

        secondMenuPanel.add(queryButton, constraints);

    }


    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
        secondMenuPanel.setVisible(true);
        contentPanel.setVisible(false);
        secondMenuPanel.removeAll();
        contentPanel.removeAll();
        contentPanel.revalidate();
        contentPanel.repaint();
        initialize();
        secondMenuPanel.revalidate();
        secondMenuPanel.repaint();
    }

}
我想要得到的是：

提前谢谢

“constraints.weightx”是你的朋友

从“double java.awt.GridBagConstraints.weightx”的Javadoc中：

网格行李布局管理器将列的重量计算为列中所有组件的最大重量X。如果生成的布局在水平方向上小于需要填充的区域，则额外的空间将按其权重比例分配给每列。权重为零的列不接收额外空间

这意味着，如果指定值“0”，则下一个组件将分布在上一个组件的旁边

在测试代码之后，我能够通过操纵initialize（）函数上的constraints.weightx实现您想要的功能。不过有一个技巧，我只能在所有的菜单面板都可见的情况下应用它

我所做的就是这样，所有的菜单面板都是可见的：

constraints.weightx = secondMenuPanel.isVisible() ? 0.0 : 0.4;
constraints.weighty = 0.4;
constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
frame.getContentPane().add(menuPanel, constraints);
constraints.gridx++;

constraints.weightx = 0.4;
frame.getContentPane().add(secondMenuPanel, constraints);
constraints.gridx++;
结果:

如果需要隐藏零部件（仅在按下按钮时显示），则需要更新主框架布局的约束，以便它们正确显示

我希望这对您有所帮助。

约束.weightx是您的朋友

从“double java.awt.GridBagConstraints.weightx”的Javadoc中：

网格行李布局管理器将列的重量计算为列中所有组件的最大重量X。如果生成的布局在水平方向上小于需要填充的区域，则额外的空间将按其权重比例分配给每列。权重为零的列不接收额外空间

这意味着，如果指定值“0”，则下一个组件将分布在上一个组件的旁边

在测试代码之后，我能够通过操纵initialize（）函数上的constraints.weightx实现您想要的功能。不过有一个技巧，我只能在所有的菜单面板都可见的情况下应用它

我所做的就是这样，所有的菜单面板都是可见的：

constraints.weightx = secondMenuPanel.isVisible() ? 0.0 : 0.4;
constraints.weighty = 0.4;
constraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
frame.getContentPane().add(menuPanel, constraints);
constraints.gridx++;

constraints.weightx = 0.4;
frame.getContentPane().add(secondMenuPanel, constraints);
constraints.gridx++;
结果:

如果需要隐藏零部件（仅在按下按钮时显示），则需要更新主框架布局的约束，以便它们正确显示

我希望这能对您有所帮助。

我尝试了两个垂直的
框
es（布局），用于
JPanel
（按钮面板）中的按钮，该面板具有两列一行的
GridLayout
。此按钮面板位于
JFrame
的左侧（BorderLayout.WEST）

示例代码：


import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class TestingLayout {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        gui();
    }

    private static void gui() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setTitle("JButtons Layout");

        JPanel pane = new JPanel();
        pane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pane.add(getLeftButtons());
        pane.add(getRightButtons());

        frame.add(pane, BorderLayout.WEST);

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setSize(800, 500);        
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private static Box getLeftButtons() {
        Box box = Box.createVerticalBox();
        box.add(new JButton("b1"));
        box.add(new JButton("b2"));
        box.add(new JButton("b3"));
        box.add(new JButton("b4"));
        box.add(new JButton("b5"));
        return box;
    }

    private static Box getRightButtons() {
        Box box = Box.createVerticalBox();
        box.add(new JButton("b11"));
        box.add(new JButton("b12"));
        box.add(new JButton("b13"));
        return box;
    }
}




示例的输出：


我已经尝试过使用两个垂直的
框
es（布局）来设置
JPanel
（按钮面板）中的按钮，该按钮具有两列一行的
网格布局。此按钮面板位于
JFrame
的左侧（BorderLayout.WEST）

示例代码：


import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class TestingLayout {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        gui();
    }

    private static void gui() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setTitle("JButtons Layout");

        JPanel pane = new JPanel();
        pane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        pane.add(getLeftButtons());
        pane.add(getRightButtons());

        frame.add(pane, BorderLayout.WEST);

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setSize(800, 500);        
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private static Box getLeftButtons() {
        Box box = Box.createVerticalBox();
        box.add(new JButton("b1"));
        box.add(new JButton("b2"));
        box.add(new JButton("b3"));
        box.add(new JButton("b4"));
        box.add(new JButton("b5"));
        return box;
    }

    private static Box getRightButtons() {
        Box box = Box.createVerticalBox();
        box.add(new JButton("b11"));
        box.add(new JButton("b12"));
        box.add(new JButton("b13"));
        return box;
    }
}




示例的输出：


请记住，您不局限于使用单个布局管理器。您可以通过使用多个容器来组合布局管理器，从而使您能够关注每个容器的各个需求，进一步隔离功能并降低重叠布局需求的复杂性

您还应该看看，这将为您提供在不同视图之间翻转的方法

为此，我采取了一种稍微不同的方式，我从“菜单容器”的概念开始，它可以包含“子菜单”

我想做的事情是将API的各个部分解耦，并减少API的任何一部分对其余部分的知识量

基本上，这体现在
子菜单窗格
中，它只是一些按钮的容器，这些按钮通过
菜单操作
类配置和管理，除此之外，它什么也不做


public interface MenuAction extends Action {

    public MenuController getController();
}

public abstract class AbstractMenuAction extends AbstractAction implements MenuAction {

    private MenuController controller;

    public AbstractMenuAction(MenuController controller, String name) {
        this.controller = controller;
        putValue(NAME, name);
    }

    @Override
    public MenuController getController() {
        return controller;
    }

}



MenuAction
基于，它提供了一个自包含且可配置的工作单元

为了更好的衡量，我在菜单窗格和菜单操作之间加入了一个控制器


public interface MenuController {
    public void addSubMenu(SubMenuPane subMenuPane);
    public void popLastMenu();
}

public class DefaultMenuController implements MenuController {

    private MenuPane menuPane;

    public DefaultMenuController(MenuPane menuPane) {
        this.menuPane = menuPane;
    }

    @Override
    public void addSubMenu(SubMenuPane subMenuPane) {
        menuPane.addSubMenuPane(subMenuPane);
    }

    @Override
    public void popLastMenu() {
        menuPane.popLastMenu();
    }

}


这里的意图是，我不希望这些操作能够对菜单窗格进行负面修改，相反，我将它们限制为仅两个操作

好吧，但这对你有什么帮助

好吧，让我们建立一个菜单并找出


MenuPane menuPane = new MenuPane();
DefaultMenuController controller = new DefaultMenuController(menuPane);

SubMenuPane ebanking = new SubMenuPane("E-Banking");
ebanking.addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(controller, "Deposit") {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        getController().popLastMenu();
        SubMenuPane deposit = new SubMenuPane("Options").addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Request") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        }).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Query") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        });
        getController().addSubMenu(deposit);
    }
}).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(controller, "Credit") {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        getController().popLastMenu();
        SubMenuPane deposit = new SubMenuPane("Credit-Options").addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Request") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        }).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Query") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        });
        getController().addSubMenu(deposit);
    }
}).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(controller, "Exchange") {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        getController().popLastMenu();
        SubMenuPane deposit = new SubMenuPane("Exchange-Options").addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Request") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        }).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Query") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        });
        getController().addSubMenu(deposit);
    }
}).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(controller, "Simulation") {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        getController().popLastMenu();
        SubMenuPane deposit = new SubMenuPane("Simulation-Options").addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Request") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        }).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Query") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        });
        getController().addSubMenu(deposit);
    }
}).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(controller, "Information") {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        getController().popLastMenu();
        SubMenuPane deposit = new SubMenuPane("Information-Options").addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Request") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        }).addAction(new AbstractMenuAction(getController(), "Query") {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Use Card layout to show next avaliable options
            }
        });
        getController().addSubMenu(deposit);
    }
});
controller.addSubMenu(ebanking);


好吧，这是很多“什么…代码”。为了简洁起见，我使用了很多匿名类，实际上，我可能为每个菜单操作设置了子类，但这提供了基本的基础工作

关键是，每个子菜单都可以简单方便地制作，独立于
菜单页
，因为它们通过控制器绑定在一起

您可以进一步扩展控制器，以提供附加功能，以触发创建子视图的操作，或提供直接通过控制器打开您提供的子视图的方法

我想展示这个想法的原因是，当您添加新的子菜单时，它将影响剩余的内容区域，如果您试图在单个布局/容器中维护它，那么您将不断地努力将所有内容保持在一起并很好地协同工作<