Nginx-PHP始终比apache2.2慢

在使用Ubuntu13.04上的全库存软件包对Apache2.2和Nginx1.2.6进行负载测试时，我始终发现Nginx PHP请求的性能低于ApachePHP请求如果可能的话，我正在寻找指导，以使我们的Nginx性能在任何情况下都高于Apache的性能

Apache设置相当标准，但Nginx设置进行了大量定制；它们列在基准结果的下方

我使用名为Sakev3.0.2（）的基准测试工具为单个并发用户（c1）、10个并发用户（c10）和100个并发用户（c100）生成结果；结果如下：

Apache结果：

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

Nginx结果：

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

我关心的数据来自c100“PHP”和“组合”结果。Apache的速度要快得多，我想知道，如果所有在线基准测试都显示了相反的结果，那么这是怎么可能的

两台服务器都是：

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

在四核Xeon处理器上运行

8GB内存

连接到同一网络上的MongoDB v2.2数据库

PHP-FPM设置为使用100个PHP进程

Apache（设置与库存非常接近）：

在CentOS 5上运行

Apache2.2

mod_php

Nginx:

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

Ubuntu 13.04

Nginx 1.2.6

带有100个PHP进程的PHP-FPM（FastCGI）

nginx.conf

pid /run/nginx.pid;
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;


events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
    # APACHE BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
    map $request_uri $my_script_url {
        default $request_uri;
        ~^(?<script_filename>.+\.(php))(.*)?$ $script_filename; #/test.php or /test.php?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)$ $script_filename; #/tos?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)?$ $script_filename; #/tos or /tos/hello/world or /tos/hello/world?omg=what
    }


    # BASE SETTINGS
    charset utf-8;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    server_tokens off;


    # CLIENT CACHING SETTINGS
    add_header Last-Modified "";
    expires 7d;


    # CONNECTION SETTINGS
    client_body_timeout 15s;
    client_header_timeout 30s;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    keepalive_requests 10000;
    keepalive_timeout 30s;
    reset_timedout_connection on;
    resolver_timeout 5s;
    send_timeout 15s;
    tcp_nopush on;


    # FASTCGI SETTINGS
    # fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=microcache:10m max_size=1000m inactive=60m;


    # FILE CACHING AND PERFORMANCE SETTINGS
    open_file_cache max=10000 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_errors off;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    sendfile on;


    # GZIP SETTINGS
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types
        text/css
        text/plain
        text/javascript
        application/javascript
        application/json
        application/x-javascript
        application/xml
        application/xml+rss
        application/xhtml+xml
        application/x-font-ttf
        application/x-font-opentype
        application/vnd.ms-fontobject
        image/svg+xml
        image/x-icon
        application/rss+xml
        application/atom_xml;
    gzip_vary on;


    # LOGGING SETTINGS
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=16k;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit;
    open_log_file_cache max=100 inactive=1m min_uses=1 valid=2m;


    # SSL SETTINGS
    # ssl_ciphers !aNULL:!eNULL:FIPS@STRENGTH;
    # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    # ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    # ssl_session_timeout 3m;


    # OTHER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION FILES
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;


    # VIRTUAL HOST CONFIGS
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

---

如果您有任何关于加快Nginx速度的建议，我们将不胜感激。如果可能的话，我希望避免内核和TCP/IP调优。

您已经在nginx中启用了gzip动态压缩-这是一项非常昂贵的操作，那么您期望得到什么呢？更糟糕的是，您已经配置了第5压缩级别，这使得它变得更慢、更慢。

Apache和nginx之间的PHP性能应该相当相似，因为PHP是比所用服务器更高的瓶颈

在您的例子中，当并发度=1或并发度=10时，性能看起来是相同的，只有当并发度为100时，nginx/PHP-FPM上的性能才会变慢

不管您怎么想，并行运行更多的PHP-FPM进程并不能提高许多并发查询的性能。PHP在某一点之后并行运行不会带来很大的好处。在某一点之后，由于额外的上下文切换、I/O访问的更多随机争用、更高的内存使用率等，更多的并行进程可能会降低总体吞吐量

在我的测试中，PHP-FPM进程的最佳点大约是6到10（我使用8）。这使我获得了最高的性能，即使在测试数百个并发连接时也是如此。在这之后添加更多的PHP-FPM进程开始减慢速度。您的里程数可能会有所不同，但100不太可能是任何服务器上的最佳选择

请注意，您的PHP-FPM进程数不必等于或大于您支持的并发连接数。为了更好地解释这一点，拥有8个PHP-FPM进程并不意味着您仅限于8个并发连接。只要PHP-FPM中的listen.backlog足够高，您的服务器（nginx）仍将保持数百个并发连接，但PHP-FPM只需在内部一次处理8个连接，而不是一次处理所有连接。这意味着每个查询实际由PHP执行的时间要少得多，因为它与较少的其他进程争用。连接仍将同时保持打开状态，对数百个并发用户进行测试时，仍将看到所有请求都能快速、成功地得到服务

---

注意，我还发现了另一种在nginx设置中加速PHP的方法，那就是增加fastcgi_缓冲区的数量/大小。Mine当前设置为

fastcgi_缓冲区32 16k
继续问吧，我还没有看过配置，但我想你的Apache MPM允许的PHP实例比你在nginx PHP fpm池中允许的要多，所以你只是拥有更多的并发容量。我将PHP-fpm设置为生成100个PHP进程，这与并发用户的数量相匹配。这本不应该是一个问题，除非我遗漏了什么。它离开发很近（因为很多开发人员都有这个责任），所以请不要投反对票。我想自己知道答案！属于serverfault（在关闭对话框中没有选择选项）是的，这是我的第一个猜测。在四核CPU上同时运行100个高负载进程可能不是最佳选择。因为您可能有8个逻辑内核，所以8个php fpm进程可能正好合适。我自己使用8个php-fpm进程进行的测试是在一个便宜的VM上进行的，该VM具有768MB RAM和一个内核，所以是YMMV。我认为，对于确定有多少个PHP进程是最佳点而言，I/O争用可能比虚拟/实际内核的数量更重要。我鼓励任何人做实际的测试，看看。好的观点。CPU与IO的对比在很大程度上取决于这100个进程的实际用途。