如何在PHP中获取客户端IP地址

如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址

---

我想保留通过其IP地址登录我的网站的用户的记录。

它应该包含在

$\u服务器['REMOTE\u ADDR']

变量中。

$\u服务器['REMOTE\u ADDR']

可能实际上不包含真实的客户端IP地址，因为它将为通过代理连接的客户端提供代理地址，例如那可能 不过，我们会成为你真正想要的，这取决于你对IPs做了什么。某人的专用RFC1918地址可能对您没有任何好处，如果您试图查看您的流量来自何处，或者记住用户上次连接的IP，代理或NAT网关的公共IP可能更适合存储在何处

有几个HTTP头，如

X-Forwarded-For

，可以由各种代理设置，也可以不设置。问题是，这些只是HTTP头，任何人都可以设置。他们的内容不能保证

$\u SERVER['REMOTE\u ADDR']

是web服务器从中接收连接并将响应发送到的实际物理IP地址。其他任何信息都是随意的和自愿的。只有一种情况下您可以信任此信息：您正在控制设置此标头的代理。这意味着只有当你100%知道标题的位置和设置方式时，你才应该注意它的重要性

话虽如此，下面是一些示例代码：

if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
} elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
} else {
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

编者按：使用上述代码具有安全含义。客户端可以将所有HTTP头信息（即，

$\u服务器['HTTP…

）设置为它想要的任意值。因此，使用

$\u服务器['REMOTE\u ADDR']

更可靠，因为这不能由用户设置

$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

发件人：

---

答案是使用变量。例如，

$\u服务器[“远程地址”]

将返回客户端的IP地址。

无论您做什么，请确保不要信任从客户端发送的数据。

$\u服务器[“远程地址”]

包含连接方的真实IP地址。这是您可以找到的最可靠的值

但是，它们可以位于代理服务器后面，在这种情况下，代理可能已经设置了

$\u服务器['HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u FOR']

，但是这个值很容易被欺骗。例如，它可以由没有代理的人设置，或者IP可以是代理后面LAN的内部IP

这意味着，如果要保存

$\u服务器['HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u']

，请确保还保存

$\u服务器['REMOTE\u ADDR']

值。例如，通过在数据库的不同字段中保存这两个值

如果要将IP以字符串形式保存到数据库，请确保至少有45个字符的空间。并且这些地址大于旧的IPv4地址

---

（请注意，IPv6通常最多使用39个字符，但也有一个特殊的字符，其完整形式最多可使用45个字符。因此，如果您知道自己在做什么，可以使用39个字符，但如果您只是想设置并忘记它，请使用45个字符）。

我喜欢此代码段：

function getClientIP() {

    if (isset($_SERVER)) {

        if (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]))
            return $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];

        if (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]))
            return $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];

        return $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
    }

    if (getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
        return getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');

    if (getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
        return getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP');

    return getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
}

---

这是我使用的方法，它验证输入：

---

我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2使用的方式。它还考虑了

$\u服务器

属性

HTTP\u X\u转发

，

HTTP\u客户端(IP)

，

远程(u ADDR)

，但它声明了一个类来设置一些受信任的代理，并返回一个IP地址而不是数组。我认为这是clo提供的解决方案同意：

class RemoteAddress
{
    /**
     * Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
     *
     * As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
     * security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
     * just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
     * it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $useProxy = false;

    /**
     * List of trusted proxy IP addresses
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $trustedProxies = array();

    /**
     * HTTP header to introspect for proxies
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';

    // [...]

    /**
     * Returns client IP address.
     *
     * @return string IP address.
     */
    public function getIpAddress()
    {
        $ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
        if ($ip) {
            return $ip;
        }

        // direct IP address
        if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
            return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
        }

        return '';
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
     * @return false|string
     */
    protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
    {
        if (!$this->useProxy
            || (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
        ) {
            return false;
        }

        $header = $this->proxyHeader;
        if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
            return false;
        }

        // Extract IPs
        $ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
        // trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
        $ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
        // remove trusted proxy IPs
        $ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);

        // Any left?
        if (empty($ips)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
        // address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
        // not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
        // as the originating IP.
        // @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
        $ip = array_pop($ips);
        return $ip;
    }

    // [...]
}

请参见此处的完整代码：

---

下面是一个更清晰的代码示例，它是获取用户IP地址的好方法

$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

以下是使用elvis运算符的较短版本：

$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

这是一个使用isset删除通知的版本（谢谢@shasi kanth）：

像下面这样

if (($ip=filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'REMOTE_ADDR', validate_ip)) === false or empty($ip)) {
    exit;
}
echo $ip;

---

PS

---

所有以“HTTP_uu”或“X-”开头的头都可能被欺骗，这两个头分别是用户定义的。如果您想跟踪，请使用cookies等。

以下是我发现的最先进的方法，我过去也尝试过其他方法。确保获取访问者的IP地址是有效的（但请注意，任何黑客都可能轻易伪造IP地址）

函数get\u ip\u address（）{ //检查共享Internet/ISP IP if（！empty（$_服务器['HTTP_客户端\u IP']）和&validate_IP（$_服务器['HTTP_客户端\u IP']））{ 返回$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']； } //检查通过代理的IP地址 if（！empty（$\u服务器['HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u FOR']））{ //检查var中是否存在多个IP地址 if（strpos（$_服务器['HTTP\u X\u转发给']，'）！==false）{ $iplist=explode（“，”，$”服务器['HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u FOR']）； foreach（$ip列表为$ip）{ 如果（验证ip（$ip）） 返回$ip； } } 否则{ 如果（验证ip（$\u服务器['HTTP\u X\u FORWARDED\u FOR']）） 返回$_服务器['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_']； } } if（！empty（$_服务器['HTTP\u X\u转发]）&验证\u ip（$_服务器['HTTP\u X\u转发]）） 返回$_服务器['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']； 如果（！empty（$_服务器['HTTP\u X\u集群\u客户端\u IP']）和验证\u IP（$_服务器['HTTP\u X\u集群\u客户端\u IP']）） 返回$_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']； if（！empty（$_SERVER['HTTP\u FORWARDED\u FOR']）和&validate\u ip（$_SERVER['HTTP\u FORWARDED\u FOR']）） 返回$_服务器['HTTP_FORWARDED_']； 如果（！empty（$_服务器['HTTP_FORWARDED']）和&validate_ip（$_服务器['HTTP_FORWARDED']）） 返回$_服务器['HTTP_转发]； //返回不可靠的IP地址，因为所有其他操作都失败 返回$服务器['REMOTE\u ADDR']； } /** *确保IP地址既是有效的IP地址，又不在 *专用网络范围。 */ 函数验证ip（$ip）{ 如果（strt

$ip = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

if (($ip=filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'REMOTE_ADDR', validate_ip)) === false or empty($ip)) {
    exit;
}
echo $ip;

if (($ip=filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'REMOTE_ADDR', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP|FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE|FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) === false) {
    header('HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request');
    exit;
}

function get_ip_address() {

    // Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    }

    // Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {

        // Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
        if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
            $iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
            foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
                if (validate_ip($ip))
                    return $ip;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
                return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
        }
    }
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

    // Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
    return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

/**
 * Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
 * a private network range.
 */
function validate_ip($ip) {

    if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
        return false;

    // Generate IPv4 network address
    $ip = ip2long($ip);

    // If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
    if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
        // Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
        // due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
        // signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
        $ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);

        // Do private network range checking
        if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 4294967040)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

 $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

$ip = "";

if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]))
{
    // Check for IP address from shared Internet
    $ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
}
elseif (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]))
{
    // Check for the proxy user
    $ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
}
else
{
    $ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
echo $ip;

$userIp = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

<?php
echo GetClientIP(true);

function GetClientIP($validate = False) {
  $ipkeys = array(
  'REMOTE_ADDR',
  'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
  'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
  'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
  'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
  'HTTP_FORWARDED',
  'HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'
  );

  /*
  Now we check each key against $_SERVER if containing such value
  */
  $ip = array();
  foreach ($ipkeys as $keyword) {
    if (isset($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
      if ($validate) {
        if (ValidatePublicIP($_SERVER[$keyword])) {
          $ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
        }
      }
      else{
        $ip[] = $_SERVER[$keyword];
      }
    }
  }

  $ip = ( empty($ip) ? 'Unknown' : implode(", ", $ip) );
  return $ip;
}

function ValidatePublicIP($ip){
  if (filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE | FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) {
    return true;
  }
  else {
    return false;
  }
}

<?php
    $ip = '0.0.0.0';
    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $clientDetails = json_decode(file_get_contents("http://ipinfo.io/$ip/json"));
    echo "You're logged in from: <b>" . $clientDetails->country . "</b>";
?>

function GetIP()
{
    if ( getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP") ) {
        $ip = getenv("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
    } elseif ( getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") ) {
        $ip = getenv("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
        if ( strstr($ip, ',') ) {
            $tmp = explode(',', $ip);
            $ip = trim($tmp[0]);
        }
    } else {
        $ip = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
    }
    return $ip;
}

$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']?: $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']?: $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

function valid_ip($ip) {
    // for list of reserved IP addresses, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_IP_addresses
    return $ip && substr($ip, 0, 4) != '127.' && substr($ip, 0, 4) != '127.' && substr($ip, 0, 3) != '10.' && substr($ip, 0, 2) != '0.' ? $ip : false;
}

function get_client_ip() {
    // using explode to get only client ip from list of forwarders. see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
    return
    @$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], 2)[0] :
    @$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'], 2)[0] :
    valid_ip(@$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ?:
    'UNKNOWN';
}

echo get_client_ip();

// Function to get the user IP address
function getUserIP() {
    $ipaddress = '';
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
    else if(isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))
        $ipaddress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    else
        $ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
    return $ipaddress;
}

$ip = filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'HTTP_CLIENT_IP', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
    ?: filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)
    ?: $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']
    ?? '0.0.0.0'; // Or other value fits "not defined" in your logic

function Get_User_Ip()
{
    $IP = false;
    if (getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP');
    }
    else if(getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');
    }
    else if(getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED');
    }
    else if(getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR');
    }
    else if(getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED');
    }
    else if(getenv('REMOTE_ADDR'))
    {
        $IP = getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
    }

    //If HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR == server ip
    if((($IP) && ($IP == getenv('SERVER_ADDR')) && (getenv('REMOTE_ADDR')) || (!filter_var($IP, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP))))
    {
        $IP = getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
    }

    if($IP)
    {
        if(!filter_var($IP, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP))
        {
            $IP = false;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        $IP = false;
    }
    return $IP;
}

//Get client's IP or null if nothing looks valid
function ip_get($allow_private = false)
{
  //Place your trusted proxy server IPs here.
  $proxy_ip = ['127.0.0.1'];

  //The header to look for (Make sure to pick the one that your trusted reverse proxy is sending or else you can get spoofed)
  $header = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'; //HTTP_CLIENT_IP, HTTP_X_FORWARDED, HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_FORWARDED

  //If 'REMOTE_ADDR' seems to be a valid client IP, use it.
  if(ip_check($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

  if(isset($_SERVER[$header]))
  {
    //Split comma separated values [1] in the header and traverse the proxy chain backwards.
    //[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For#Format
    $chain = array_reverse(preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $_SERVER[$header]));
    foreach($chain as $ip) if(ip_check($ip, $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $ip;
  }

   return null;
}

//Check for valid IP. If 'allow_private' flag is set to truthy, it allows private IP ranges as valid client IP as well. (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16)
//Pass your trusted reverse proxy IPs as $proxy_ip to exclude them from being valid.
function ip_check($ip, $allow_private = false, $proxy_ip = [])
{
  if(!is_string($ip) || is_array($proxy_ip) && in_array($ip, $proxy_ip)) return false;
  $filter_flag = FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE;

  if(!$allow_private)
  {
    //Disallow loopback IP range which doesn't get filtered via 'FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE' [1]
    //[1] https://www.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.validate.php
    if(preg_match('/^127\.$/', $ip)) return false;
    $filter_flag |= FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE;
  }

  return filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, $filter_flag) !== false;
}

    $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

function getClientIP():string
{
    $keys=array('HTTP_CLIENT_IP','HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR','HTTP_X_FORWARDED','HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR','HTTP_FORWARDED','REMOTE_ADDR');
    foreach($keys as $k)
    {
        if (!empty($_SERVER[$k]) && filter_var($_SERVER[$k], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP))
        {
            return $_SERVER[$k];
        }
    }
    return "UNKNOWN";
}